RESUMO
Citrus peel has been used as a Traditional medicine in Asia to treat coughs, asthma and bronchial disorders. Therefore, the antiinï¬ammatory effects of 3,5,6,7,3',4'hexamethoxyflavone (quercetogetin, QUE) isolated from Citrus unshiu peel were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The results showed that QUE repressed the production of prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide by suppressing LPSinduced expression of cyclooxygenase2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. It also suppressed the production of interleukin (IL)6, IL1ß, and tumor necrosis factorα cytokines, and decreased the nuclear translocation of NFκB by interrupting the phosphorylation of NFκB inhibitor α in macrophage cells. Based on the finding that QUE inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK protein expression in LPSinduced RAW264.7 cells, it was confirmed that inhibition of inflammatory responses by QUE was mediated via the ERK pathway. Therefore, this study suggests that QUE has strong antiinflammatory effects, making it a promising compound for use as a therapeutic agent in treating inflammatory lung diseases, such as emphysema.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Citrus/química , Flavonas/farmacologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/efeitos adversos , Animais , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/metabolismo , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Células RAW 264.7RESUMO
In order to identify single nucleotide polymorphism and insertion/deletion mutations, we performed whole-genome re-sequencing of the enhanced L-lysine-producing Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 21300 strain. In total, 142 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 477 insertion/deletion mutations were identified in the ATCC 21300 strain when compared to 3,434 predicted genes of the wild-type C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 strain. Among them, 110 transitions and 29 transversions of single nucleotide polymorphisms were found from genes of the ATCC 21300 strain. In addition, 11 genes, involved in the L-lysine biosynthetic pathway and central carbohydrate metabolism, contained mutations including single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertions/deletions. Interestingly, RT-PCR analysis of these 11 genes indicated that they were normally expressed in the ATCC 21300 strain. This information of genome-wide gene-associated variations will be useful for genome breeding of C. glutamicum in order to develop an industrial amino acid-producing strain with minimal mutation.
Assuntos
Corynebacterium glutamicum/genética , Genoma Bacteriano , Lisina/biossíntese , Sequência de Bases , Corynebacterium glutamicum/metabolismo , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala , MutaçãoRESUMO
In the present study, a phylogenetic analysis was undertaken based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA and partial ß-tubulin gene sequence of the Ganoderma species. The size of the ITS rDNA regions from different Ganoderma species varied from 625 to 673 bp, and those of the partial ß-tubulin gene sequence were 419 bp. Based on the results, a phylogenetic tree was prepared which revealed that Korean Ganoderma lucidum strains belong in a single group along with a G. lucidum strain from Bangladesh.