Fundus fluorescein angiography in retinopathy of prematurity.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a potentially blinding disease of immature retinal vasculature. ROP regresses in majority of the cases and very few go on to develop ROP needing treatment. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) is the gold standard technique to study retinal vasculature. The present study was undertaken with the objective to identify the FFA findings associated with the progression of ROP. SUBJECT/METHODS: Prospective single centre study in a tertiary care hospital of 99 eyes of 50 preterm babies. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) was performed in all babies using RetCam 3 at the first detection of ROP. The babies were followed up for the progression of ROP. The FFA predictors for the progression of ROP were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's test. RESULTS: Thirty-eight eyes were Type 1 ROP at initial presentation and were lasered. Amongst the rest, 24 eyes showed features of stage 3 ROP with intense leakage on FFA and were designated as FFA-treatable ROP and were also lasered. Amongst the rest of the 37 eyes, the disease progression was seen in 13 eyes and the disease regression was seen in 24 eyes. The baseline FFA findings associated with the progression of ROP were delayed retinal arterial perfusion (p = 0.037) and popcorn lesions (p = 0.042). The post hoc analysis was done using a validated FFA scoring system. CONCLUSIONS: FFA may be added in the classification of ROP and delayed retinal arterial perfusion and popcorn lesions on FFA may predict the progression of ROP.

Avascular island in the vascularised retina in zone II ROP.

We describe an atypical form of avascular island demarcated by a ridge in the vascularised retina of retinopathy of prematurity. Fundus fluorescein angiography showed an unusual finding of an avascular island demarcated by shunt vessels in vascularised retina posterior to the ridge. There is a need to document this finding as this could throw some light on the aetiopathogenesis of the disease.

Managing Excessive Gingival Display Using a Digital Workflow.

This technique article describes an approach to managing excessive gingival display by lengthening of the clinical crowns using a digital workflow. An intraoral scanner was used to obtain a template to be used for the crown lengthening surgical procedure considering the patient-desired diagnostic setups while fully seating the template on the patient's teeth during surgery. Using a digital approach for lengthening the clinical crowns decreased the likelihood of the need for postsurgical modifications, thus shortening the treatment duration. After the crown lengthening healed for 12 weeks, full-mouth reconstruction proceeded. Maxillary and mandibular preparation reduction guides were digitally designed and printed to facilitate conservative crown preparations. An intraoral scanner was used to make full-arch scans and interocclusal records for the fabrication of provisional and final crowns. Fully guided implant planning and placement were also executed.