RESUMO
Intrapulmonary administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces a well-characterized lung inflammatory response involving alveolar macrophage activation, proinflammatory cytokine elaboration, and neutrophil influx. Vitamin E, a lipophilic antioxidant consisting of a family that includes tocopherols and tocotrienols, has previously been shown to have a variety of anti-inflammatory effects, raising interest in its possible uses in disease prevention or therapy. Because aerosol delivery is a specific and rapid way to administer agents to the lungs, the authors undertook to determine whether inhaled vitamin E aerosols would have an anti-inflammatory effect in the lungs. Using a rat model of acute lung inflammation caused by intratracheally administered LPS (10 microg Pseudomonas aeruginosa LPS), the authors examined the effect of aerosol-administered vitamin E, in this case alpha-tocopherol, on several indices of lung inflammation which are increased by LPS treatment. It was found that inhaled alpha-tocopherol aerosol, but not inhaled alpha-tocopherol acetate aerosol, decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) mRNA levels in lung tissue, TNFalpha and CINC-1 immunoreactive protein levels in lung lavage, and the number of neutrophils recoverable by lung lavage from rats given LPS intratracheally. These results contribute to the increasing body of work describing immunomodulatory functions of alpha-tocopherol, and support the idea that direct aerosol administration of alpha-tocopherol may play a beneficial role in strategies to control inflammatory lung illnesses.
Assuntos
Lipopolissacarídeos/antagonistas & inibidores , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pneumonia/prevenção & controle , alfa-Tocoferol/administração & dosagem , Administração por Inalação , Animais , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/química , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/citologia , Quimiocina CXCL1 , Quimiocinas CXC/genética , Quimiocinas CXC/metabolismo , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/genética , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/administração & dosagem , Lipopolissacarídeos/toxicidade , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/patologia , Pneumonia/induzido quimicamente , Pneumonia/metabolismo , Pneumonia/patologia , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Traqueia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
As part of a comprehensive program to develop suitable methods of chemical analysis for alternative refrigerants and their products, we have compiled a database of spectral, chromatographic, and physical property data that can aid in compound identification. As a small part of this effort, we have measured the refractive indices of a number of such fluids for which data were unavailable. The measurements were performed on a commercially available, digital Abbe refractometer that was modified for the relatively low temperature measurements (0 °C to 20 °C) that are sometimes required with these samples.
