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1.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry ; 51(12): 1273-1283.e8, 2012 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23200284

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To build on Achenbach, Rescorla, and Ivanova (2012) by (a) reporting new international findings for parent, teacher, and self-ratings on the Child Behavior Checklist, Youth Self-Report, and Teacher's Report Form; (b) testing the fit of syndrome models to new data from 17 societies, including previously underrepresented regions; (c) testing effects of society, gender, and age in 44 societies by integrating new and previous data; (d) testing cross-society correlations between mean item ratings; (e) describing the construction of multisociety norms; (f) illustrating clinical applications. METHOD: Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) of parent, teacher, and self-ratings, performed separately for each society; tests of societal, gender, and age effects on dimensional syndrome scales, DSM-oriented scales, Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problems scales; tests of agreement between low, medium, and high ratings of problem items across societies. RESULTS: CFAs supported the tested syndrome models in all societies according to the primary fit index (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation [RMSEA]), but less consistently according to other indices; effect sizes were small-to-medium for societal differences in scale scores, but very small for gender, age, and interactions with society; items received similarly low, medium, or high ratings in different societies; problem scores from 44 societies fit three sets of multisociety norms. CONCLUSIONS: Statistically derived syndrome models fit parent, teacher, and self-ratings when tested individually in all 44 societies according to RMSEAs (but less consistently according to other indices). Small to medium differences in scale scores among societies supported the use of low-, medium-, and high-scoring norms in clinical assessment of individual children.


Assuntos
Sintomas Comportamentais/diagnóstico , Comportamento Infantil/etnologia , Transtornos Mentais , Autorrelato , Adolescente , Criança , Comparação Transcultural , Etnopsicologia/métodos , Etnopsicologia/normas , Docentes , Humanos , Internacionalidade , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Pais , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Autorrelato/classificação , Autorrelato/normas
2.
Nord J Psychiatry ; 64(1): 40-8, 2010.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19883194

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Few population-based Nordic studies with adolescents investigate the associations between sexual abuse (SA) and psychosocial health. AIM: Associations between adolescents' self-reported experiences of SA different severity and aspects of psychosocial health such as emotional and behavioral problems, sense of coherence and self-esteem were investigated. METHODS: A school-based study with 1107 Swedish high school seniors was conducted. The students completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC), I think I am and a self-report survey that included questions about SA, socio-demographic variables and family variables. RESULTS: SA was related to more emotional and behavioral problems, weaker SOC and lower self-esteem when compared with non-abuse. There was also a dose-response effect insofar as more severe abuse was related to poorer psychosocial health. When adjusted for socio-demographic and family-related variables, the associations between penetrating SA and most of the health variables weakened or disappeared. SOC was associated with penetrating SA even after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: This population-based study suggests that SA should not be regarded as an isolated factor in relation to psychosocial health as the associations at a group level may be smaller than expected. Among a number of covariates, family variables such as parental bonding showed to be especially important. Sense of Coherence may be of special interest in further research and clinical treatment.


Assuntos
Nível de Saúde , Delitos Sexuais/psicologia , Delitos Sexuais/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Demografia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Relações Pais-Filho , Vigilância da População , Prevalência , Psicologia , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Suécia/epidemiologia
3.
J Fam Psychol ; 23(5): 646-60, 2009 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19803601

RESUMO

Analyses assessed the degrees to which personality accounts for associations between marital quality and parenting and mediates genetic contributions to these relationships. Participants included 318 male and 544 female same-sex twin pairs from the Twin and Offspring Study in Sweden. All twins completed self-report measures of marital quality and personality (anxiousness, aggression, sociability). Composite measures of parent negativity and warmth were derived from the twins' and their adolescent children's ratings of the twins' disciplinary styles and the emotional tone of the parent-child relationship. Observational ratings of marital quality and parenting were also obtained for a subset of twins. Personality characteristics explained 33% to 42% of the covariance between reported marital quality and parenting and 26% to 28% of the covariance between observed marital quality and parenting. For both sets of analyses, personality accounted for more than half of the genetic contributions to covariance between marital quality and parenting. Results indicate that personality significantly contributes to associations between marital quality and parenting and that personality is an important path through which genetic factors contribute to family relationships.


Assuntos
Conflito Familiar/psicologia , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Personalidade/genética , Gêmeos/genética , Gêmeos/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Agressão/psicologia , Ansiedade/genética , Ansiedade/psicologia , Estudos de Coortes , Comportamento Exploratório , Emoções Manifestas , Feminino , Humanos , Individualidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inventário de Personalidade , Ajustamento Social , Suécia
4.
Nord J Psychiatry ; 63(6): 454-61, 2009 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19513932

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This study examines Swedish young adults (age 21) with a history of conduct disorder (CD) in adolescence. Research has established CD as a condition for a range of adverse outcomes. Intelligence, aggression, parent-child conflict, parent-child relation and peer-rejection are known factors influencing the outcome. AIM: The aim of this longitudinal study is to find how self-confidence and intelligence in an inpatient group diagnosed with CD are related to health in young adulthood. METHODS: The subjects were diagnosed with CD in their adolescence at the inpatient child and adolescent psychiatric unit. Using structured questionnaires as independent variables, this study uses multiple regression analysis to predict health outcomes. RESULTS: The results showed that self-concept and verbal intelligence could significantly predict health outcomes. However, in the multivariate analysis, only self-concept variables significantly predicted the outcome. The predicted outcome was small, but substantial in most models (R(2)=0.12-0.25). CONCLUSION: This means that clinicians need to be humble in forecasting individual adult health among adolescents with severe CD. According to this study, it is difficult to separate positive and negative outcomes. We suggest that this structural data has better prediction potential than medical casebook data. If this is the general case, this psychometric data paves the way for more structural ways of assessing child and adolescence psychiatric problems.


Assuntos
Transtorno da Conduta/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Conduta/psicologia , Inteligência , Autoimagem , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Transtorno da Conduta/epidemiologia , Transtorno da Conduta/terapia , Crime/psicologia , Crime/estatística & dados numéricos , Dinamarca , Escolaridade , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Drogas Ilícitas , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Determinação da Personalidade , Gravidez , Gravidez na Adolescência/psicologia , Gravidez na Adolescência/estatística & dados numéricos , Prognóstico , Fatores Sexuais , Ajustamento Social , Seguridade Social , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/diagnóstico , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
5.
J Clin Psychol ; 65(9): 906-24, 2009 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19455609

RESUMO

Although previous research has explored associations between personality and depressive symptoms, a limited number of studies have assessed the extent to which genetic and environmental influences explain the association. This study investigated how temperament and character were associated with depressive symptoms in 131 pairs of twin and sibling women in early adulthood, as well as 326 pairs of twin women in middle adulthood. Results indicated that genetic influences accounted for a moderate to substantial percentage of the association between these personality features and depressive symptoms, emphasizing the role of genetic influences. Nonshared environmental influences made important contributions to the association between character and depressive symptoms, particularly in the sample of middle-aged twin women. These findings suggest that unique social experiences and relationships with a partner in adulthood may play an important role in these associations between character and depressive symptoms.


Assuntos
Caráter , Depressão/fisiopatologia , Temperamento , Adulto , Depressão/genética , Depressão/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inventário de Personalidade , Estudos em Gêmeos como Assunto
6.
J Fam Psychol ; 22(4): 550-60, 2008 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18729669

RESUMO

This randomized clinical trial assessed the effectiveness of multisystemic therapy (MST) for 156 youths who met the diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder. Sweden's 3 largest cities and 1 small town served as the recruiting area for the study. A mixed factorial design was used, with random allocation between MST and treatment as usual groups. Assessments were conducted at intake and 7 months after referral. With an intention-to-treat approach, results from multiagent and multimethod assessment batteries showed a general decrease in psychiatric problems and antisocial behaviors among participants across treatments. There were no significant differences in treatment effects between the 2 groups. The lack of treatment effect did not appear to be caused by site differences or variations in program maturity. MST treatment fidelity was lower than that of other studies, although not clearly related to treatment outcomes in this study. The results are discussed in terms of differences between Sweden and the United States. One difference is the way in which young offenders are processed (a child welfare approach vs. a juvenile justice system approach). Sociodemographic differences (e.g., rates of poverty, crime, and substance abuse) between the 2 countries may also have moderating effects on the rates of rehabilitation among young offenders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Assistência Ambulatorial , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/terapia , Transtorno da Conduta/terapia , Crime/estatística & dados numéricos , Delinquência Juvenil/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Serviços de Saúde Mental/organização & administração , Tratamento Domiciliar , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/terapia , Adolescente , Algoritmos , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/epidemiologia , Área Programática de Saúde , Comorbidade , Transtorno da Conduta/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Conduta/epidemiologia , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Serviços de Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Prevalência , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/diagnóstico , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Suécia/epidemiologia
7.
Nord J Psychiatry ; 62(2): 121-9, 2008.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18569775

RESUMO

This study examines Swedish young adults (mean age 21) with a history of conduct disorder (CD) as adolescents. Using medical records, this study explores the relationship between adolescent inpatients and their outcomes in adulthood. Two outcome variables were used: an indication of non-successful outcome variable (seven undesirable outcomes) and sense of coherence. Using multiple regression analyses, this study showed that extracted data from the medical case record could significantly explain small variance depending on output variable. The small variance could be related to the homogeneous clinical sample, the follow-up time, the outcome variables and the absence of a biological perspective. This study suggest, clinicians should be very careful when predicting outcome in young adulthood, if they should predict outcome at all. The positive conclusion in this matter is that as far as we know any teenager with CD could have a positive outcome in young adulthood.


Assuntos
Transtorno da Conduta/diagnóstico , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Determinação da Personalidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Adaptação Psicológica , Adolescente , Adulto , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/epidemiologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/psicologia , Transtorno da Conduta/epidemiologia , Transtorno da Conduta/psicologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Controle Interno-Externo , Masculino , Admissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Psicometria/estatística & dados numéricos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Suécia
8.
J Atten Disord ; 12(1): 83-91, 2008 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17968029

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This research seeks to study the impact on family function after 3 months of treatment with amphetamine. METHOD: A total of 43 children, 6 to 11 years of age, with ADHD were treated with amphetamine for 3 months. Family function was studied before and after treatment by parent self-rating and independent observer ratings of videotaped parent-child interactions. RESULTS: The families with a child with ADHD were found to be more dysfunctional than control families. Families with children with severe ADHD behavior showed evidence of more family dysfunction compared to families with children with less severe ADHD behavior. After 3 months of treatment with amphetamine, the children's behavior and the mother's well-being and some aspects of parent-reported and observer-rated family functioning improved. CONCLUSION: This study gives support to the notion that some aspects of family dysfunction may be related to the child's ADHD behavior.


Assuntos
Anfetamina/uso terapêutico , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/tratamento farmacológico , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/uso terapêutico , Família/psicologia , Relações Interpessoais , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/epidemiologia , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Prevalência , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de Tempo
9.
J Affect Disord ; 106(1-2): 99-105, 2008 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17610958

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Although research has found that temperament and social support are associated with depression, these relationships have not been explored in conjunction with one another as they relate to depression using a genetically informative design. This study investigated how the association among the three constructs is mediated. METHODS: The sample in this study consisted of 326 pairs of adult monozygotic and dizygotic twins drawn from the Swedish Twin Registry. Twins were mothers of adolescent from married or partnered relationships. The genetic and environmental contributions to the association were evaluated by self-reported measures of temperament, social support, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Multivariate genetic model fitting revealed that a moderate portion of genetic influences were common among the three central constructs of harm avoidance, perceived social support, and depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS: The results may not be generalizable to depressive disorders in clinical settings. The measures were self-reported from a cross-sectional study. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the heritable component may contribute to genetic influences on an individual's ability to secure social support and thus to genetic risk for depressive symptomatology in women.


Assuntos
Depressão/psicologia , Doenças em Gêmeos/psicologia , Apoio Social , Temperamento , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/genética , Doenças em Gêmeos/genética , Feminino , Redução do Dano , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inventário de Personalidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Fenótipo , Psicometria
10.
Fam Process ; 47(4): 537-51, 2008 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19130792

RESUMO

This article is part of the Twin Mother's Study, a study that examines influences on maternal adjustment. A number of studies have investigated the importance of genetic factors for mental health, but few of these examine how genes and the environment influence resiliency/salutogenic factors. This article investigates the relative importance of genetic and environmental influences on resiliency/salutogenic factors. This study includes 326 twin pairs (150 monozygotic and 176 dizygotic) who are mothers, who are living with their spouse, and who are part of the Swedish twin register. Using self-report structured questionnaires, we assessed salutogenic factors, depression, and quality of life; however, we analyzed the questionnaires completed by the mothers. Statistical analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling. We conclude that nonshared environmental components were of principal importance in individual resiliency/salutogenic factors in a genetically informative design, but we also noted that genetic influences were important. The shared environment had mainly no effect.


Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Mães/psicologia , Genética Comportamental , Humanos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Suécia
11.
Nord J Psychiatry ; 61(2): 143-51, 2007.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17454729

RESUMO

Behaviour management problems (BMP) are common among children (4-12%) and the prevalence seems to be rising. Persistent antisocial behaviour often leads to poor long-term psychosocial adjustment. Structured parent-training programmes have proven to be the most effective way of treating BMP in young children. The Incredible Years Series (IYS), which is a manual-based programme, was introduced in Sweden in 2001. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of IYS in diverse clinical settings in Sweden. Parents of 113 children (3-9 years), recruited through the IYS-trained group leaders' ordinary services, participated in the study. The parents answered various questionnaires regarding their children's symptoms and their own psychological well-being before and after participating in the parent-training groups. The results are very encouraging; significant reduction of BMP in the children was found on all relevant measures. A significant increase in the self-rated well-being of the mothers was also found. The IYS seems to work in Sweden, even when used by group leaders who are in training. The importance of using a well-documented manualized method when implementing new models is accentuated.


Assuntos
Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/reabilitação , Relações Pais-Filho , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Pais/educação , Pais/psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica/fisiologia , Agressão/psicologia , Análise de Variância , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Controle Interno-Externo , Masculino , Satisfação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Psicometria/métodos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Suécia , Resultado do Tratamento
12.
Nord J Psychiatry ; 61(6): 443-51, 2007.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18236311

RESUMO

The purpose of the present study was to compare symptom load in youth groups treated with three Swedish Blueprint programmes - Functional Family Therapy (FFT), Multisystemic Therapy (MST) and Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC) - to see if symptom load matches the intensity of the treatment model as expected. These youth groups were also compared with in- and outpatients from child and adolescent psychiatry, and a normal comparison group. In addition, we compared the symptom load of their mothers. Symptom load was measured by the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) in the adolescents, and by the Symptom Checklist 90 in their mothers. The results showed that youth in the MST and MTFC studies had a higher symptom load than in the FFT study, and the same pattern of results was found in their mothers. It is concluded that there seems to be a reasonable correspondence between the offered resources and the symptom load among youth and parents; treatment methods with higher intensity have been offered to youth with higher symptom load. The correlation between internalized and externalized symptoms was high in all study groups. The MST and MTFC groups had an equally high total symptom load as the psychiatric inpatient sample.


Assuntos
Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/terapia , Terapia Familiar/métodos , Cuidados no Lar de Adoção , Psicoterapia/métodos , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Suécia
13.
Nord J Psychiatry ; 60(6): 469-79, 2006.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17162455

RESUMO

This study focuses on young male and female adults (n=290) who were diagnosed with conduct disorder (CD) during adolescence at the inpatient child and adolescent psychiatric unit in Lund, Sweden. Their adulthood is described using seven outcome variables: in custody, crime, illicit drug use, mental health, teenage parenthood, transference income and educational attainment. Together, the seven outcome variables represent a wide perspective of individual life and known risks for both genders. The variables are compared, scaled and described in an outcome that identifies successful outcome. Although this was a severe clinical inpatient group of adolescents, a relatively large number-about a third of the males and close to half of the females-exhibit a successful outcome by their early twenties. This study highlighted the merits use gender-sensitive outcome variables. The take-home message from a societal perspective is that many improvements are needed, a message that has been voiced in several Swedish commissions.


Assuntos
Transtorno da Conduta/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Área Programática de Saúde , Transtorno da Conduta/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Conduta/reabilitação , Crime/estatística & dados numéricos , Escolaridade , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hospitalização , Humanos , Drogas Ilícitas , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Gravidez na Adolescência/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Suécia/epidemiologia
14.
J Interpers Violence ; 21(12): 1665-77, 2006 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17065660

RESUMO

Forty-five female outpatients sexually abused in childhood were offered a 2-year phase-divided group therapy. Before and after treatment and at 12 months follow-up, they answered questionnaires designed to elicit responses concerning psychological symptoms (Symptom Checklist; SCL-90) and sense of coherence (SOC). Symptoms for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were assessed before and after treatment. Inpatient days and sick listing days were assessed during 2 years before and 2 years after treatment. The psychological and PTSD symptoms were significantly reduced after treatment, and the SOC was increased as well. Inpatient days were decreased, and sick listing days increased but not significantly. Compared to a similar short-term focused therapy group and a waiting-list group there were no significant differences between the groups. Trauma-focused group therapy for women who were sexually abused in childhood seems to have promising effects on mental health, both concerning long-term and short-term approaches.


Assuntos
Mulheres Maltratadas/psicologia , Abuso Sexual na Infância/reabilitação , Vítimas de Crime/reabilitação , Saúde Mental , Psicoterapia de Grupo/métodos , Adulto , Criança , Abuso Sexual na Infância/psicologia , Vítimas de Crime/psicologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Análise de Regressão , Autoavaliação (Psicologia) , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/reabilitação , Inquéritos e Questionários
15.
Fam Process ; 45(3): 375-89, 2006 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16984077

RESUMO

Antisocial behavior is often persistent, and in addition to causing suffering to children and their families, it also poses considerable costs for society. Children who display externalizing behavior in their early years run a high risk of having severe problems later in life. There is a need for treatment methods that may be used in various settings because these children constitute a group that is hard to reach with conventional treatment methods. In addition, the dropout rate from ordinary treatment is often high. In the present study, a systemic school-based model for early detection and intervention among 4-12-year-old children who displayed externalizing behavior problems was developed and examined in a nonrandomized study in the county of Skaraborg in Sweden. The intervention was collaborative and included a combination of the Marte Meo model and coordination meetings based on systemic theory and practice. Treatment effects in the group who had received the intervention were compared with a group who had received treatment as usual in their ordinary school setting. Assessments were carried out before, and 2 years after, the intervention. For the intervention group (N = 33), there was a significant decrease in the children's reported symptoms in school and in the home. No decrease in externalizing behavior was found in the comparison group (N = 16). There were no dropouts in the intervention group after the intervention had begun. The results are promising; the study demonstrates that it is possible to work effectively with many children who display externalizing behavior problems in a nonclinical setting.


Assuntos
Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/terapia , Instituições Acadêmicas , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Suécia
16.
J Fam Psychol ; 19(3): 339-49, 2005 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16221014

RESUMO

Interpersonal relationships are important factors in mental health. A genetically sensitive design was used to examine associations among marital quality, adequacy of social support, and 2 aspects of positive mental health in a sample of 652 Swedish twin women and their families. There were 3 main findings. First, the covariance between relationships and positive mental health was partially accounted for by common genetic variance. Second, nonshared environmental influences played a substantial role in the covariance among the 3 constructs, with evidence for husbands being a source of this influence. Finally, different patterns of associations were found between relationships and 2 aspects of mental health, well-being and global self-worth, which shows how seemingly similar constructs can be differentially associated with relationships. Together, these findings emphasize the importance of genetically informed studies in family research and the role of the environment and interpersonal relationships in promoting and improving mental health.


Assuntos
Relações Interpessoais , Casamento/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/genética , Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Apoio Social , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença/psicologia , Humanos , Masculino , Casamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Teóricos , Satisfação Pessoal , Autoimagem , Cônjuges/psicologia , Suécia , Gêmeos/genética , Gêmeos/psicologia
17.
Nord J Psychiatry ; 59(5): 374-80, 2005.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16757466

RESUMO

In Sweden, only a few empirical studies of couple therapy have been performed. This is the hitherto most comprehensive assessment of clinical treatment. Effectiveness of treatment is reported and compared with non-clinical ratings. Initially the couples displayed marital distress, many psychiatric symptoms, dyadic interactions characterized by high criticism and a low sense of coherence. In Sweden, couple therapy is primarily aimed to reduce marital distress and does not focus on individual disorders. It should be seen as innovative that overall psychic symptoms (Global Symptom Index, GSI) as well as depressive symptoms were reduced (more than one standard deviation) for both women and men to the extent of 50-55%. Normal values were attained by 73-78%. Of those who initially identified a low sense of coherence, 22% of the women and 37% of the men improved (more than one standard deviation). Normal values were attained by 68-70%. The treatment was relatively short, which meant that, with relatively limited treatment, it was also possible to attain relatively significant improvements in all dimensions of psychiatric symptoms.


Assuntos
Terapia de Casal/métodos , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/psicologia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/terapia , Relações Interpessoais , Adulto , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Casamento/psicologia , Resultado do Tratamento
18.
Nord J Psychiatry ; 58(5): 395-401, 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15513617

RESUMO

A history of childhood sexual abuse has been shown to be common among adult women, 15-30% in prevalence studies. The childhood sexual abuse variables taken into account are commonly age of onset, duration, abuse forms and relationship between the child and the perpetrator. Within the Department of Psychiatry at Lund University Hospital, 45 women with experiences of childhood sexual abuse were offered a 2-year long trauma-focused group therapy. Half of the women had been sexually abused during childhood in pre-school ages and half by a perpetrator who was the biological father. Two-thirds had been abused for more than 5 years and half through penetration. There was a statistical significance between age of onset (0-6 years) and psychiatric symptoms including eight of nine subscales, according to results from use of the questionnaire Symptom Check List (SCL-90). According to the same questionnaire, there also was a statistical significance between the perpetrator (male relative) and the subscale interpersonal sensitivity. According to the Interview Schedule of Social Interaction, there was a statistical significance between the abuse form penetration and the social integration in the subscale availability of attachment. Thirty-five women (78%) had not told anyone about the sexual abuse when it happened, and the most common reason for this was fear of not being believed.


Assuntos
Abuso Sexual na Infância/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Abuso Sexual na Infância/estatística & dados numéricos , Abuso Sexual na Infância/terapia , Pré-Escolar , Comorbidade , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Incesto/psicologia , Incesto/estatística & dados numéricos , Lactente , Relações Interpessoais , Entrevista Psicológica , Funções Verossimilhança , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Admissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Inventário de Personalidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Psicometria/estatística & dados numéricos , Autorrevelação , Suécia/epidemiologia
19.
J Affect Disord ; 82(1): 101-11, 2004 Oct 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15465582

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This study examined how interpersonal relationships, specifically marital quality and adequacy of social support, are associated with depressive symptoms among women. METHODS: A sample of 326 female monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs and their spouses was drawn from the Swedish Twin Registry. Associations among the three variables were evaluated by comparing similarities among monozygotic and dizygotic female twin pairs. RESULTS: Interpersonal relationships contributed between 18% and 31% of the variance for depressive symptoms in women. Associations among the three variables were accounted for by genetic influences when women's reports were used. Non-shared environmental influences were important for the association between marital quality and depressive symptoms when a combination of husband and wife reports of marital quality were used. LIMITATIONS: The data is cross-sectional and the generalizability of these findings to depressive symptoms in men or to individuals with major depression is not clear. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate important associations among marital quality, social support and depressive symptoms in women, which should be taken into consideration for prevention and intervention strategies targeting depression.


Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo/genética , Transtorno Depressivo/psicologia , Relações Interpessoais , Casamento , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Sistema de Registros/estatística & dados numéricos , Apoio Social , Suécia
20.
Dev Psychol ; 40(3): 335-51, 2004 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15122961

RESUMO

This study examined 2 samples of adolescents and mothers using a child-based design (Nonshared Environment in Adolescent Development [NEAD] project, N = 395 families) and a parent-based design (Twin Moms [TM] project, N = 236 twin family pairs) to compare genetic and environmental influences on mothering. For both samples, the same measures of positivity, negativity, control, and monitoring were used. The use of matched child-based and parent-based samples enabled passive and nonpassive genotype-environment (GE) correlations to be approximated, providing information about process. Passive GE correlations were suggested for mother's positivity and monitoring. For mother's negativity and control, primarily nonpassive GE correlations were suggested. In several cases, both types of GE correlation were indicated. Finally, observer ratings of negativity and monitoring were influenced only by environmental factors.


Assuntos
Antecipação Genética/genética , Relações Mãe-Filho , Mães , Poder Familiar , Meio Social , Gêmeos/genética , Gêmeos/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Afeto , Genótipo , Humanos , Comportamento Materno/psicologia , Relações entre Irmãos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Gravação de Videoteipe
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