Effect of a novel dwarfing mutant site on chromosome 4B on agronomic traits in common wheat.

The introduction of dwarfing genes triggered a wave of "green revolution". A number of wheats dwarfing genes have been reported in previous studies, and only a small fraction of these have been applied to production practices. Therefore, the development of novel dwarfing genes for wheat is of great value. In this study, a novel dwarfing site, Rht-yz, identified in the Yanzhan mutation, is located on chromosome 4B (30-33MB) and its mechanism of action is different from that of Rht-B1b (C-T mutation), but whether it affects the Rht-B1a (TraesCS4B02G043100) or other genes is unclear. Exogenously applied GA3 experiments showed that Rht-yz is one of the gibberellin-insensitive dwarf genes. The effects of the dwarf gene Rht-yz on agronomic traits in wheat were evaluated in the field using Yanzhan, Yanzhan mutations, F2:3 and F3:4 lines. The results showed that Rht-yz improved lodging resistance by reducing plant height, increasing diameter, wall thickness and mechanical strength of the basal stem. In terms of yield traits, Rht-yz had negative effects on tiller number plant-1, biomass plant-1 and yield plant-1, but had no significant effect on harvest index, 1000-kernel weight and spike traits. In addition, Rht-yz significantly increased crude protein, wet gluten and starch content. Therefore, the rational use of the new dwarfing site Rht-yz has potential and value in dwarf wheat breeding.

The Role of Mean Nocturnal Baseline Impedance and Post-Reflux Swallow-Induced Peristaltic Wave Index in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.

BACKGROUND: As living standards improve, more and more people are becoming overweight or obese, which has led to a gradual increase in the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance pH monitoring is a technique widely used in the clinical diagnosis of GERD. Commonly used traditional impedance parameters include acid exposure time, number of reflux episodes, symptom association probability, and symptom index. Recently, mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) and post-reflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave (PSPW) index have been proposed as novel impedance parameters to evaluate esophageal mucosal integrity and esophageal chemical clearance, respectively. It was also pointed out that the MNBI and PSPW index can improve the diagnostic value of impedance pH monitoring and predict the treatment outcome of GERD. SUMMARY: MNBI and PSPW index are objective and reliable novel impedance parameters with high applicability and reproducibility, which are able to improve the diagnostic yield of impedance pH monitoring and predict treatment outcomes in GERD patients. KEY MESSAGES: In this paper, we mainly review the research progress of the MNBI and the PSPW index in the diagnosis and treatment of GERD.