Effects of exercise on the absorption of insulin glargine in patients with type 1 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of exercise on the absorption of the basal long-acting insulin analog insulin glargine (Lantus), administered subcutaneously in individuals with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 13 patients (12 men, 1 woman) with type 1 diabetes on a basal-bolus insulin regimen were studied. (125)I-labeled insulin glargine at the usual basal insulin dose was injected subcutaneously into the thigh on the evening (2100) before the study day on two occasions 1 week apart. Patients were randomly assigned to 30 min intense exercise (65% peak oxygen uptake [Vo(2peak)]) on one of these visits. The decay of radioactive insulin glargine was compared on the two occasions using a thallium-activated Nal gamma counter. Blood samples were collected at regular intervals on the study days to assess plasma glucose and insulin profiles. RESULTS: No significant difference was found in the (125)I-labeled insulin glargine decay rate on the two occasions (exercise vs. no exercise; repeated-measures ANOVA, P = 0.548). As expected, a significant fall in plasma glucose was observed over the exercise period (area under curve above fasting [DeltaAUC] glucose: -0.39 +/- 0.11 vs. -1.30 +/- 0.16 mmol . l(-1) . h(-1); nonexercise vs. exercise; P = 0.001), but insulin levels did not differ significantly on the two occasions (DeltaAUC insulin: -2.1 +/- 3.9 vs. 1.5 +/- 6.2 pmol . l(-1) . h(-1); nonexercise versus exercise; P = 0.507). CONCLUSIONS: An intense 30-min period of exercise does not increase the absorption rate of the subcutaneously injected basal long-acting insulin analog insulin glargine in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Head excursion of restrained human volunteers and hybrid III dummies in steady state rollover tests.

Seatbelts provide substantial benefits in rollover crashes, yet occupants still receive head and neck injuries from contacting the vehicle roof interior when the roof exterior strikes the ground. Prior research has evaluated rollover restraint performance utilizing anthropomorphic test devices (dummies), but little dynamic testing has been done with human volunteers to learn how they move during rollovers. In this study, the vertical excursion of the head of restrained dummies and human subjects was measured in a vehicle being rotated about its longitudinal roll axis at roll rates from 180-to-360 deg/sec and under static inversion conditions. The vehicle's restraint design was the commonly used 3-point seatbelt with continuous loop webbing and a sliding latch plate. This paper presents an analysis of the observed occupant motion and provides a comparison of dummy and human motion under similar test conditions. Thirty-five tests (eighteen static and seventeen dynamic) were completed using two different sizes of dummies and human subjects in both near and far-side roll directions. The research indicates that far-side rollovers cause the restrained test subjects to have greater head excursion than near-side rollovers, and that static inversion testing underestimates head excursion for far-side occupants. Human vertical head excursion of up to 200 mm was found at a roll rate of 220 deg/sec. Humans exhibit greater variability in head excursion in comparison to dummies. Transfer of seatbelt webbing through the latch plate did not correlate directly with differences in head excursion.