Procedure-oriented sectional anatomy of the hip.

This is the fourth in a series of articles related to procedure-oriented joint anatomy. This article reviews the anatomy of the hip and its relationship to procedures in the clinical setting with or without imaging guidance. Anatomically correct axial and coronal schematics allow injections to be envisioned relative to clinically important anatomy for common hip procedures. Cross-sectional schematics for the hip were drawn as they appear in imaging projections. The levels and planes of cross section were selected to highlight important anatomic landmarks for injection. It is hoped that these schematics allow for safer and more accurate needle procedures in the knee area.

Procedure-oriented sectional anatomy of the shoulder.

This is the first in a series of papers on procedure-oriented joint anatomy. This paper will review anatomy of the shoulder joint and focus on non-imaging-guided procedures. Needle procedures of the shoulder include glenohumeral, subacromial, and acromioclavicular joint injections; electromyography; trigger point and other intramuscular injections; bicipital tendon sheath injection; suprascapular nerve blocks; and botulinum toxin injections. The accuracy of these non-imaging-guided procedures is reviewed. Complications of these procedures include infection, damage to tendon, and local or systemic response to medication. This paper provides anatomically accurate schematics of the shoulder anatomy relevant to needle procedures. Cross-sectional schematics of the shoulder were drawn as they appear on axial and sagittal projections. Superficial and deep landmarks are highlighted and sources of potential complications. The schematics allow for safer and more accurate non-image-guided needle procedures in the shoulder region.