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1.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38669699

RESUMO

Kidney anion exchanger 1 (kAE1) is an isoform of the AE1 protein encoded by the SLC4A1 gene. It is a basolateral membrane protein expressed by α-intercalated cells in the connecting tubules and collecting duct of the kidney. Its main function is to exchange bicarbonate and chloride ions between the blood and urine to maintain blood pH at physiological threshold. The kAE1 protein undergoes multiple post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination and interacts with many different proteins such as claudin-4 and carbonic anhydrase II. Mutations in the gene may lead to the development of distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA), characterized by the failure to acidify the urine, which may result in nephrocalcinosis and in more severe cases, renal failure. In this review, we discuss the structure and function of kAE1, its post-translational modifications, and protein-protein interactions. Finally we discuss insights gained from the study of kAE1 mutations in humans and in mice.

2.
Can J Kidney Health Dis ; 9: 20543581221144824, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36545249

RESUMO

Purpose of conference: New discoveries arising from investigations into fundamental aspects of kidney development and function in health and disease are critical to advancing kidney care. Scientific meetings focused specifically on fundamental biology of the kidney can facilitate interactions, support the development of collaborative groups, and accelerate translation of key findings. The Canadian fundamental kidney researcher community has lacked such a forum. On December 3 to 4, 2021, the first Molecules and Mechanisms Mediating Kidney Health and Disease (M3K) Scientific Meeting and Investigator Summit was held to address this gap with the goal of advancing fundamental kidney research nationally. The meeting was held virtually and was supported by a planning and dissemination grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Attendees included PhD scientists, nephrology clinician scientists, engineers, industry representatives, graduate students, medical residents, and fellows. Sources of information: This report was prepared from the scientific program, registration numbers, and details obtained from the online platform WHOVA, and summaries written by organizers and participants of the 2021 meeting. Methods: A 21-person team, consisting of the organizing committee members and participants from the meeting, was assembled. Key highlights of the meeting and future directions were identified and the team jointly assembled this report. Key findings: Participation in the meeting was strong, with more than 140 attendees across a range of disciplines. The program featured state-of-the-art presentations on diabetic nephropathy, the immune system, kidney development, and fibrosis, and was heavily focused on trainee presentations. The moderated "Investigator Summit" identified key barriers to research advancement and discussed strategies for overcoming them. These included establishment of a pan-Canadian fundamental kidney research network, development of key resources, cross-pollination with clinical nephrology, better reintegration into the Canadian Society of Nephrology, and further establishment of identity and knowledge translation. Limitations and implications: The 2021 M3K meeting represented a key first step in uniting fundamental kidney researchers in Canada. However, it was universally agreed that regular meetings were necessary to sustain this momentum. The proceedings of this meeting and future actions to sustain the M3K Scientific Meeting and Investigator Summit are presented in this article.


Objectif de la conférence: De nouvelles découvertes découlant des enquêtes sur les aspects fondamentaux du développement et de la fonction des reins en santé ou malades sont essentielles pour faire progresser les soins rénaux. Les réunions scientifiques axées spécifiquement sur la biologie fondamentale du rein peuvent faciliter les interactions, appuyer le développement de groupes de collaboration et accélérer l'application des principaux résultats. La communauté canadienne des chercheurs fondamentaux en néphrologie a manqué d'un tel forum. Les 3 et 4 décembre 2021, le premier Sommet des chercheurs et la réunion scientifique M3K (Molecules and Mechanisms Mediating Kidney Health and Disease) sur les molécules et les médiateurs de la santé et des maladies rénales ont eu lieu pour combler cette lacune; l'objectif était de faire progresser la recherche fondamentale en néphrologie à l'échelle nationale. La réunion s'est tenue virtuellement et était financée par une subvention de planification et de diffusion des Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada. Des doctorants, cliniciens-chercheurs en néphrologie, ingénieurs, représentants de l'industrie, étudiants diplômés, résidents en médecine et en surspécialisation figuraient parmi les participants. Sources: Ce rapport a été préparé à partir du program scientifique, des informations et des numéros d'inscription tirés de la plateforme en ligne WHOVA, et des résumés rédigés par les organisateurs et les participants à la réunion de 2021. Méthodologie: Une équipe de 20 personnes composée de membres du comité organisateur et de participants à la réunion a été formée. Les principaux points saillants de la réunion et les orientations futures ont été déterminés, puis l'équipe a rédigé conjointement le présent rapport. Principaux résultats: La réunion s'est avérée un succès; plus de 140 personnes provenant d'un large éventail de disciplines y ont participé. Le program comprenait des présentations de pointe sur la néphropathie diabétique, le système immunitaire, le développement des reins et la fibrose, et était fortement axé sur des présentations par des stagiaires. Le « Sommet des chercheurs ¼, animé par un modérateur, a permis de déterminer les principaux obstacles à l'avancement de la recherche et de discuter des stratégies pour les surmonter. Ces dernières incluent notamment la création d'un réseau pancanadien de recherche fondamentale en néphrologie, le développement de ressources clés, la pollinisation croisée avec la néphrologie clinique, une « meilleure réintégration dans la Société canadienne de néphrologie ¼ et la poursuite de l'établissement de l'identité et de l'application des connaissances. Limites et implications: La réunion M3K de 2021 a constitué une première étape clé dans l'unification des chercheurs fondamentaux en néphrologie au Canada. On a cependant universellement convenu que des réunions régulières étaient nécessaires pour maintenir cet élan. Le compte rendu de cette réunion ainsi que les actions futures pour soutenir la réunion scientifique M3K et le Sommet des chercheurs sont présentés dans le présent article.

3.
Can J Kidney Health Dis ; 9: 20543581221136402, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36406869

RESUMO

Purpose of review: The Kidney Research Scientist Core Education and National Training (KRESCENT) is a national Canadian training program for kidney scientists, funded by the Kidney Foundation of Canada (KFOC), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), and the Canadian Society of Nephrology (CSN). We describe our first year of incorporating patient partners into a scientific peer-review committee, the 2017 committee to select senior research trainees and early-career kidney researchers for funding and training, in the hope that it will be helpful to others who wish to integrate the perspective of people with lived experience into the peer-review process. Sources of information: Other peer-review committees, websites, journal articles, patient partners, Kidney Foundation of Canada Research Council, Canadians Seeking Solutions and Innovations to Overcome Chronic Kidney Disease (Can-SOLVE CKD) Patient Council, participants in the 2017 Kidney Foundation of Canada KRESCENT peer-review panel. Methods: We describe our motivation, rationale, guiding principles, plans, feedback, implementation, and response. Key findings: We disseminated a "call for patient partners" 8 weeks before the meeting, seeking patients or their care givers to partner with the KRESCENT peer-review panel; we defined these people with lived experience of kidney disease as patient partners. Eight patient partners came forward and all participated as reviewers. Patient partners first participated in a webinar to learn about the function, structure, and processes of a peer-review committee. They practiced reviewing plain language summaries and giving feedback. In a subsequent teleconference, they shared and discussed their reviews. Plain language summaries were scored, overall, on the same 0-5 quality scale used by scientific reviewers. Three patient reviewers participated in some or all of the 6-hour meeting, which was conducted as usual, for this panel, by teleconference (initially audio only; from 2020 onwards by videoconference). In the meeting, the 2 assigned scientific reviewers first gave their scores, followed by the patient reviewers giving their scores, and discussion (mostly scientific, and conducted in usual scientific language). Scientific reviewers then negotiated a consensus score based on their initial scores, the discussion, patient reviewers' scores and statements, and the scientific officer's notes. Patient reviewers, scientific reviewers, and the Kidney Foundation of Canada (KFOC) were generally positive about the process. The increased length of the meeting (estimated at 1 hour) was generally thought to be acceptable. Patient reviewers also provided feedback on the methods used to incorporate patients into the research under review. These comments were concrete, insightful, and helpful. The patients did not uniformly recommend that basic scientists involve patients in their work. We did not detect bias against preclinical science, work that did not involve patients, or rarer diseases. Some patients found participation inspiring and enlightening. All participants appreciated the idea of patient partners as community witnesses to a group process committed to fairness and supportiveness. We discussed assigning formal meaningful weight to patient reviewers' assessments. Most, but not all, patients thought that the scientific reviewers were ultimately the best judges of the allocation of scarce research resources. Limitations: Patient participants tended to be Caucasian, middle class, and well educated. Because of the difficulties of travel for some people living with or supporting those living with kidney disease, our findings may not generalize fully to peer-review meetings that are conducted face to face. This is explicitly a supportive panel, committed to reviewing junior scientists with kindness as well as rigor; our findings may not generalize to panels conducted differently. We did not use formal qualitative methodology. Implications: Inclusion of patient partners as patient reviewers for the KRESCENT program peer-review panel was feasible, added value for scientific and patient reviewers, and for the funding stakeholders (CIHR, KFOC, and CSN). We were glad that we had taken this step and continue to refine the process with each successive competition.


Motif de la revue: Le KRESCENT (Kidney Research Scientist Core Education and National Training) est un programme national de formation pour les chercheurs en santé rénale financé par la Fondation canadienne du rein (FCR), les Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada (IRSC) et la Société canadienne de néphrologie (SCN). Nous décrivons notre première année d'intégration de partenaires patients dans un comité d'examen scientifique par les pairs, le comité de 2017, visant la sélection de stagiaires de recherche et de chercheurs en santé rénale en début de carrière pour le financement et la formation, dans l'espoir que cela sera utile à ceux qui souhaitent intégrer la perspective des personnes ayant une expérience vécue au processus d'examen par les pairs. Sources: Autres comités d'examen par les pairs, sites Web, articles de revues, partenaires patients, Conseil de recherche de la Fondation canadienne du rein, conseil des patients de Canadians Seeking Solutions and Innovations to Overcome Chronic Kidney Disease (CAN-SOLVE CKD), participants au comité d'examen par les pairs de la Fondation canadienne du rein de 2017. Méthodologie: Nous décrivons ce qui a motivé cette étude, notre raisonnement, nos principes directeurs, nos plans, la rétroaction, la mise en œuvre et les réponses. Principaux résultats: Nous avons diffusé un « appel à des partenaires patients ¼ huit semaines avant la réunion pour trouver des patients ou des soignants prêts à collaborer avec le comité d'examen par les pairs de KRESCENT; nous avons défini comme partenaires patients les personnes ayant une expérience vécue de maladie rénale. Huit partenaires patients ont répondu à l'appel et tous ont participé en tant qu'examinateurs. Les partenaires patients ont d'abord participé à un webinaire pour en apprendre davantage sur la fonction, la structure et les processus d'un comité d'examen par les pairs. Ils se sont ensuite entraînés à examiner des résumés en langage simple et à donner des commentaires. Lors d'une téléconférence ultérieure, ils ont partagé et discuté de leurs examens respectifs. Les résumés en langage clair ont été notés, dans l'ensemble, sur la même échelle de qualité de 0 à 5 utilisée par les examinateurs scientifiques. Trois patients examinateurs ont participé à une partie ou à la totalité de la réunion de 6 heures, qui s'est tenue comme d'habitude, pour ce panel, par téléconférence (initialement en audio seulement; par vidéoconférence à partir de 2020). Au cours de la réunion, les deux examinateurs scientifiques désignés ont d'abord donné leurs notes, puis les patients examinateurs ont donné leurs notes, et une discussion a suivi (principalement scientifique, et menée dans le langage scientifique habituel). Les examinateurs scientifiques ont ensuite négocié pour établir une note consensuelle en fonction de leurs notes initiales, de la discussion, des notes et des commentaires des patients examinateurs et des notes de l'agent scientifique.Les patients examinateurs, les examinateurs scientifiques et la Fondation canadienne du rein étaient généralement positifs à l'égard du processus. La durée accrue de la réunion (estimée à 1 heure) a généralement été jugée acceptable. Les patients examinateurs ont également fourni des commentaires sur les méthodes utilisées pour intégrer les patients à la recherche à l'étude. Ces commentaires étaient concrets, pertinents et utiles. Les patients ne recommandent pas uniformément que les scientifiques en recherche fondamentale impliquent les patients dans leur travail. Nous n'avons pas détecté de biais contre la science préclinique, les études qui n'impliquent pas de patients ou les maladies plus rares. Certains patients ont trouvé la participation inspirante et instructive. Tous les participants ont aimé l'idée des partenaires patients comme témoins communautaires d'un processus de groupe engagé dans l'équité et le soutien.Nous avons discuté de l'attribution d'un poids formel significatif aux évaluations des patients examinateurs. La plupart des patients, mais pas tous, étaient d'avis que les examinateurs scientifiques étaient en fin de compte les meilleurs juges de l'allocation des ressources limitées de la recherche. Limites: Les patients participants étaient pour la plupart de race blanche, de classe moyenne et bien éduqués. En raison des difficultés de déplacement pour certaines personnes vivant avec ou soutenant les personnes vivant avec une maladie rénale, nos résultats peuvent ne pas se généraliser entièrement aux réunions d'examen par les pairs menées en personne. Il s'agit essentiellement d'un groupe de soutien, qui s'est engagé à examiner les jeunes chercheurs avec bienveillance et rigueur; nos conclusions peuvent ne pas se généraliser à des groupes de travail menés différemment. Nous n'avons pas utilisé de méthodologie qualitative officielle. Résultats: L'inclusion de partenaires patients comme examinateurs dans un comité d'examen par les pairs du programme KRESCENT s'est avérée réalisable, et une valeur ajoutée pour les examinateurs scientifiques, les patients examinateurs et les parties responsables du financement (IRSC, FCR et SCN). Nous sommes heureux d'avoir franchi cette étape, nous continuons de raffiner le processus à chaque concours successif.

4.
Can J Kidney Health Dis ; 9: 20543581221080327, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35514878

RESUMO

Peer review aims to select articles for publication and to improve articles before publication. We believe that this process can be infused by kindness without losing rigor. In 2014, the founding editorial team of the Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease (CJKHD) made an explicit commitment to treat authors as we would wish to be treated ourselves. This broader group of authors reaffirms this principle, for which we suggest the terminology "supportive review."


L'évaluation par les pairs vise à sélectionner les articles à publier et à en améliorer le contenu avant publication. Nous sommes d'avis que ce processus peut être fait avec bienveillance sans perdre en rigueur. En 2014, l'équipe de rédaction fondatrice du Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease (CJKHD) a pris l'engagement ferme de traiter les auteurs comme ses membres souhaiteraient eux-mêmes être traités. Aujourd'hui, notre groupe élargi d'auteur(e)s réaffirme ce principe pour lequel nous proposons la terminologie « évaluation constructive ¼.

5.
Can J Kidney Health Dis ; 8: 20543581211033405, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34497716

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Women scientists are less likely to obtain Assistant Professorship and achieve promotion, and obtain less grant funding than men. Scientist/clinician-scientist training programs which provide salary awards as well as training and mentorship are a potential intervention to improve outcomes among women scientists. We hypothesized whether a programmatic approach to scientist/clinician-scientist training is associated with improved outcomes for women scientists in Canada when compared with salary awards alone. Trainees within the Kidney Research Scientist Core Education and National Training Program (KRESCENT), Canadian Child Health Clinician Scientist Program (CCHCSP), and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) salary award programs were evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the structured KRESCENT training program with salary support improves academic success for women scientists relative to salary awards alone. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Canadian national research scientist and clinician-scientist training programs and salary awards. PARTICIPANTS: KRESCENT cohort (n = 59, 2005-2017), CCHCSP cohort (n = 58, 2002-2015), and CIHR (n = 571, 2005-2015) Salary Awardees for postdoctoral fellows (PDF) and new investigators (NI). MEASUREMENTS: National operating grant funding success, achieving an academic position as an Assistant Professor for PDF, or achieving promotion to Associate Professor for NI. METHODS: The gender distribution of each cohort was determined using first name and NamepediA and was examined for PDF and NI, followed by a description of trainee outcomes by gender and training level. RESULTS: KRESCENT and CIHR PDF were balanced (12/27, 44% men and 55/116, 47% women) while CCHCSP had a higher proportion of women (13/20, 65%). KRESCENT and CCHCSP NI retained women scientists (19/32, 59% and 22/38, 58% women), whereas CIHR NI had fewer women (165/455, 36% women vs 290/455, 64% men, P = 0.01). There was a high rate of NI operating grant success (91%-95%) with no gender differences in each cohort. There was a high proportion of CCHCSP PDF who achieved an Assistant Professorship (18/20, 90%) that may be due in part to a longer follow-up period (9.3 ± 3 years) compared with KRESCENT PDF (7/27, 26%, 0.88 ± 4.5 years), and these data were not available for CIHR PDF. Women KRESCENT NI showed increased promotion to Associate Professor (P = 0.02, 0.25 ± 3.2 years follow-up) and CCHCSP NI had high promotion rates (37/38, 97%, 6.9 ± 3.6 years follow-up) irrespective of gender. There was an overall trend toward more men pursuing biomedical research. LIMITATIONS: KRESCENT and CCHCSP training program cohort size and heterogeneity; assigning gender by first name may result in misclassification; lack of data on the respective applicant pools; and inability to examine intersectionality with gender, ethnicity, and sexual orientation. CONCLUSION: Overall trainee performance across programs is remarkable by community standards regardless of gender. KRESCENT and CCHCSP training programs demonstrated balanced success in their PDF and NI, whereas the CIHR awardees had reduced representation of women scientists from PDF to NI. This exploratory study highlights the utility of programmatic training approaches like the KRESCENT program as potential tools to support and retain women scientists in the academic pipeline during the challenging PDF to NI transition period.


CONTEXTE: Les chercheuses sont moins susceptibles que les hommes d'obtenir une promotion ou un poste de professeur adjoint, en plus d'obtenir moins de subventions. Des programmes de formation pour les chercheurs et chercheurs cliniciens offrant des bourses salariales ainsi que de la formation et du mentorat pourraient s'avérer pertinents pour améliorer la situation des femmes en sciences. Nous avons émis l'hypothèse qu'une approche programmatique de la formation des chercheurs et chercheurs cliniciens pourrait améliorer les résultats pour les chercheuses canadiennes comparativement aux bourses salariales seules. Pour ce faire, les stagiaires du Programme national de formation scientifique et d'encadrement des chercheurs spécialisés dans le domaine rénal (KRESCENT), du Programme canadien des cliniciens-chercheurs en santé de l'enfant (PCCCSE) et des programmes de bourses salariales des Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada (IRSC) ont été évalués. OBJECTIFS: Vérifier si le programme de formation structuré KRESCENT avec soutien salarial favorise le succès académique des scientifiques féminines par rapport aux bourses salariales uniquement. TYPE D'ÉTUDE: Étude de cohorte rétrospective. CADRE: Programmes nationaux de formation et de bourses salariales pour les chercheurs et les chercheurs cliniciens du Canada. SUJETS: La cohorte KRESCENT (n = 59; 2005-2017), la cohorte PCCCSE (n = 58; 2002-2015) et les récipiendaires d'une bourse salariale des IRSC (n = 571; 2005-2015) destinées aux boursiers postdoctoraux (BPD) et aux nouveaux chercheurs (NC). MESURES: Le succès du financement des subventions de fonctionnement nationales, l'obtention d'un poste de professeur adjoint à l'université pour les BPD ou l'obtention d'une promotion au poste de professeur agrégé pour les NC. MÉTHODOLOGIE: La répartition des genres dans chaque cohorte a été déterminée à l'aide du prénom et de Namepedia, et a été examinée en fonction du statut (BPD ou NC). Les résultats des stagiaires ont été décrits selon le genre et le niveau de formation. RÉSULTATS: Dans le cas des BPD, les cohortes KRESCENT et IRSC étaient plutôt équilibrées (44 % d'hommes [12/27] pour KRESCENT et 47 % [55/116] de femmes pour IRSC). Les femmes BPD étaient plus nombreuses dans la cohorte PCCCSE (13/20 [65 %]). Du côté des NC, les femmes étaient majoritaires dans les cohortes KRESCENT et PCCCSE (respectivement 59 % [19/32] et 58 % [22/38] de femmes) et les hommes étaient plus nombreux dans la cohorte IRSC (64 % d'hommes [290/455]; 36 % de femmes [165/455] [p = 0,01]). Nous avons observé un taux élevé de réussite des subventions de fonctionnement chez les NC (91 à 95 %) dans toutes les cohortes, sans égard au genre. Une forte proportion de BPD du PCCCSE avaient obtenu un poste de professeur adjoint (18/20 [90 %]); ceci pourrait s'expliquer en partie par le plus long suivi (9,3 ± 3 ans) comparativement aux BPD du KRESCENT (7/27 [26 %]; 0,88 ± 4,5 ans). Ces données n'étaient pas disponibles pour les BPD des IRSC. On a vu une augmentation des promotions à des postes de professeurs agrégés pour les nouvelles chercheuses de la cohorte KRESCENT (p = 0,02, pour 0,25 ± 3,2 ans de suivi). Les NC du PCCCSE présentaient un taux élevé de promotions (37/38 [97 %]; 6,9 ± 3,6 ans de suivi), indépendamment du genre. Une tendance globale pour un plus grand nombre d'hommes poursuivant des recherches biomédicales a été observée. LIMITES: Parmi les limites, on compte la taille et l'hétérogénéité des cohortes KRESCENT et PCCCSE; de possibles erreurs de classification dues à l'attribution du genre par le prénom; le manque de données sur les bassins respectifs de candidats; l'incapacité d'examiner l'intersectionnalité avec le genre, l'origine ethnique et l'orientation sexuelle. CONCLUSION: Le rendement global des stagiaires dans l'ensemble des programmes est remarquable, quel que soit leur genre, par rapport aux normes communautaires. Les programmes de formation de KRESCENT et PCCCSE ont démontré un succès équilibré chez leurs BPD et NC, tandis que les récipiendaires d'une bourse des IRSC ont montré une plus faible représentation de chercheuses tant chez les BPD et les NC. Cette étude exploratoire met en lumière la pertinence d'approches de formation programmatique comme le KRESCENT pour soutenir et retenir les scientifiques féminines dans le domaine académique pendant la difficile période de transition entre le statut de boursière postdoctorale et celui de nouvelle chercheuse.

6.
J Feline Med Surg ; 23(12): 1155-1161, 2021 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33719673

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Recent studies show that cats could play an important role in the transmission of Leptospira species. There are few reports of leptospirosis on Prince Edward Island (PEI) and none in cats. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of serum antibodies against Leptospira serovars and of Leptospira DNA in the urine of a population of free-roaming cats. METHODS: Paired blood and urine samples were collected from 200 cats brought to a trap-neuter-return program. Antibody titers against six Leptospira serovars (Bratislava, Canicola, Gryppotyphosa, Hardjo, Pomona, Icterohaemorrhagiae) were determined by microscopic agglutination test. PCR was performed on urine samples to identify urine shedding of Leptospira DNA. RESULTS: Antibodies were detected in 20/200 cats (10%) for at least one serovar, with titers ranging from 1:50 to 1:6400 (all serovars tested, except Hardjo). Urine samples of 7/200 cats (3.5%) were PCR-positive. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Feral cats in PEI had a higher than expected exposure to leptospirosis and can shed DNA from pathogenic Leptospira species in urine. Further studies are needed to determine the prevalence of exposure to leptospirosis in other species on PEI and the potential role of feral cats in transmission of the disease.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Leptospira , Leptospirose , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos , Canadá , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Gatos , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Leptospirose/veterinária , Ilha do Príncipe Eduardo , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos
7.
Can J Kidney Health Dis ; 6: 2054358119871936, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31523438

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Nephron progenitor cells derived from the metanephric mesenchyme undergo a complex balance of self-renewal and differentiation throughout kidney development to give rise to the mature nephron. Cell proliferation is an important index of progenitor population dynamics. However, accurate and reproducible in situ quantification of cell proliferation within progenitor populations can be technically difficult to achieve due to the complexity and harsh tissue treatment required of certain protocols. OBJECTIVE: To optimize and compare the performance of the 3 most accurate S phase-specific labeling methods used for in situ detection and quantification of nephron progenitor and ureteric bud cell proliferation in the developing kidney, namely, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). METHODS: Protocols for BrdU, EdU, and PCNA were optimized for fluorescence labeling on paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded mouse kidney tissue sections, with co-labeling of nephron progenitor cells and ureteric bud with Six2 and E-cadherin antibodies, respectively. Image processing and analysis, including quantification of proliferating cells, were carried out using free ImageJ software. RESULTS: All 3 methods detect similar ratios of nephron progenitor and ureteric bud proliferating cells. The BrdU staining protocol is the lengthiest and most complex protocol to perform, requires tissue denaturation, and is most subject to interexperimental signal variability. In contrast, bound PCNA and EdU protocols are relatively more straightforward, consistently yield clear results, and far more easily lend themselves to co-staining; however, the bound PCNA protocol requires substantive additional postexperimental analysis to distinguish the punctate nuclear PCNA staining pattern characteristic of proliferating cells. CONCLUSIONS: All 3 markers exhibit distinct advantages and disadvantages in quantifying cell proliferation in kidney progenitor populations, with EdU and PCNA protocols being favored due to greater technical ease and reproducibility of results associated with these methods.


CONTEXTE: Les cellules progénitrices de néphrons dérivées du mésenchyme métanéphrique subissent une séquence complexe d'auto-régénération et de différenciation tout au long du développement du rein pour donner naissance aux néphrons matures. La prolifération cellulaire est un indice de la dynamique des populations de cellules progénitrices. La quantification in situ précise et reproductible de la prolifération cellulaire au sein de populations de cellules progénitrices peut cependant s'avérer techniquement difficile à réaliser en raison de la complexité et de la sévérité du traitement tissulaire requis par certains protocoles. OBJECTIF: Optimiser et comparer la performance des trois plus précises méthodes de marquage spécifiques à la phase S pour détecter et quantifier in situ la prolifération des cellules progénitrices de néphrons et de bourgeons urétéraux dans le rein en développement, à savoir la 5-bromo-2'-désoxyuridine (BrdU), la 5-éthynyl-2'-désoxyuridine (EdU), et l'antigène nucléaire de prolifération cellulaire (PCNA). MÉTHODOLOGIE: Les protocoles pour BrdU, EdU et PCNA ont été optimisés pour le marquage fluorescent de coupes de tissus rénaux de souris, fixés au paraformaldéhyde et enchassés dans la paraffine, avec co-marquage des cellules progénitrices de néphrons et de bourgeons urétéraux avec les anticorps Six2 et E-cadhérine, respectivement. Le traitement et l'analyse des images, y compris la quantification des cellules en prolifération, ont été réalisés à l'aide du logiciel gratuit ImageJ. RÉSULTATS: Les trois méthodes ont détecté des ratios similaires de cellules progénitrices de néphrons et de bourgeons urétéraux en prolifération. Le protocole de coloration BrdU est le plus long et le plus complexe à effectuer. Il requiert la dénaturation des tissus et il est le plus sujet à la variabilité du signal inter-expériences. En revanche, les protocoles de liaison de PCNA et d'EdU sont relativement plus simples, donnent systématiquement des résultats clairs et se prêtent beaucoup plus facilement à la coloration conjointe. Toutefois, le protocole de liaison de PCNA requiert une analyse supplémentaire approfondie post-expérience pour distinguer le schéma de coloration ponctuée du noyau caractéristique des cellules en prolifération. CONCLUSION: Les trois méthodes ont montré des avantages et des inconvénients distincts pour la quantification de la prolifération cellulaire des populations de cellules progénitrices du rein. Les protocoles avec EdU et PCNA sont favorisés en raison de leur simplicité technique et de la reproductibilité des résultats obtenus.

8.
Dev Biol ; 423(1): 46-56, 2017 03 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28118982

RESUMO

The group C SOX transcription factors SOX4, -11 and -12 play important and mutually overlapping roles in development of a number of organs. Here, we examined the role of SoxC genes during gonadal development in mice. All three genes were expressed in developing gonads of both sexes, predominantly in somatic cells, with Sox4 being most strongly expressed. Sox4 deficiency resulted in elongation of both ovaries and testes, and an increased number of testis cords. While female germ cells entered meiosis normally, male germ cells showed reduced levels of differentiation markers Nanos2 and Dnmt3l and increased levels of pluripotency genes Cripto and Nanog, suggesting that SOX4 may normally act to restrict the pluripotency period of male germ cells and ensure their proper differentiation. Finally, our data reveal that SOX4 (and, to a lesser extent, SOX11 and -12) repressed transcription of the sex-determining gene Sox9 via an upstream testis-specific enhancer core (TESCO) element in fetal gonads, raising the possibility that SOXC proteins may function as transcriptional repressors in a context-dependent manner.


Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular , Células Germinativas/citologia , Células Germinativas/metabolismo , Morfogênese , Fatores de Transcrição SOXC/metabolismo , Testículo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Linhagem da Célula/genética , Feminino , Feto/citologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Masculino , Camundongos , Fatores de Transcrição SOXC/genética , Proteína da Região Y Determinante do Sexo/metabolismo , Espermatogênese , Testículo/citologia
9.
Development ; 142(7): 1254-66, 2015 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25804736

RESUMO

Development of the metanephric kidney depends on tightly regulated interplay between self-renewal and differentiation of a nephron progenitor cell (NPC) pool. Several key factors required for the survival of NPCs have been identified, including fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling and the transcription factor Wilms' tumor suppressor 1 (WT1). Here, we present evidence that WT1 modulates FGF signaling by activating the expression of growth arrest-specific 1 (Gas1), a novel WT1 target gene and novel modulator of FGF signaling. We show that WT1 directly binds to a conserved DNA binding motif within the Gas1 promoter and activates Gas1 mRNA transcription in NPCs. We confirm that WT1 is required for Gas1 expression in kidneys in vivo. Loss of function of GAS1 in vivo results in hypoplastic kidneys with reduced nephron mass due to premature depletion of NPCs. Although kidney development in Gas1 knockout mice progresses normally until E15.5, NPCs show decreased rates of proliferation at this stage and are depleted as of E17.5. Lastly, we show that Gas1 is selectively required for FGF-stimulated AKT signaling in vitro. In summary, our data suggest a model in which WT1 modulates receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in NPCs by directing the expression of Gas1.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Fatores de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Néfrons/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Células-Tronco/metabolismo , Proteínas WT1/metabolismo , Animais , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células , DNA/genética , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Ligadas por GPI/genética , Proteínas Ligadas por GPI/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Camundongos Knockout , Modelos Animais , Néfrons/anormalidades , Néfrons/embriologia , Néfrons/patologia , Técnicas de Cultura de Órgãos , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Ligação Proteica , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-ret/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo
10.
Dev Dyn ; 243(7): 853-63, 2014 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24687874

RESUMO

The kidney is a model developmental paradigm of vertebrate organogenesis. As in many other organs, kidney development involves reciprocal inductive tissue interactions between multiple cell lineages. The most well defined of these interactions occurs between the ureteric bud and the nephrogenic mesenchyme. A population of mesenchymal cells distinct from nephrogenic precursors and termed stromal cells, have been relatively understudied. Yet existing knowledge indicates that stromal cells are critical regulators in the normal and diseased kidney. This commentary reviews current knowledge regarding the origin and functional roles of the stromal cell population during kidney development. Gaps in our current understanding of renal stromal cells and future directions needed to advance this expanding field of study are highlighted.


Assuntos
Rim/citologia , Rim/metabolismo , Células Estromais/citologia , Células Estromais/fisiologia , Animais , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Nefropatias/patologia , Mamíferos
11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25780596

RESUMO

Usually inaugural editorials are written by the Editor-in-Chief to describe the scope and vision for the journal to potential authors and readers. This editorial is written by the Editor-in-Chief, the Deputy Editors and the Associate Editors collaboratively as a clear signal that this is a unique and different journal. We will build this journal on a set of principles which are fundamental to improving the outcomes of patients with kidney disease. To that end, we aim to be supportive, to collaborate, to integrate multiple perspectives and to be open to possibilities.


Habituellement, il revient à l'éditeur en chef de rédiger l'éditorial inaugural décrivant la vision et les champs d'intérêts d'un nouveau journal. Le Journal canadien de la santé et de la maladie rénale a choisi de faire les choses autrement. En effet, cet éditorial est le fruit de la collaboration entre l'éditeur en chef et les éditeurs en chef adjoints. Ce journal s'appuie sur des principes qui seront fondamentaux pour améliorer le sort de patients atteints de maladie rénale. Pour y arriver, nous nous engageons à apporter du support aux auteurs, à collaborer, à intégrer différentes perspectives et être ouverts à des nouvelles possibilités.

12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25780607

RESUMO

Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT) are a polymorphic group of clinical disorders comprising the major cause of renal failure in children. Included within CAKUT is a wide spectrum of developmental malformations ranging from renal agenesis, renal hypoplasia and renal dysplasia (maldifferentiation of renal tissue), each characterized by varying deficits in nephron number. First presented in the Brenner Hypothesis, low congenital nephron endowment is becoming recognized as an antecedent cause of adult-onset hypertension, a leading cause of coronary heart disease, stroke, and renal failure in North America. Genetic mouse models of impaired nephrogenesis and nephron endowment provide a critical framework for understanding the origins of human kidney disease. Current methods to quantitate nephron number include (i) acid maceration (ii) estimation of nephron number from a small number of tissue sections (iii) imaging modalities such as MRI and (iv) the gold standard physical disector/fractionator method. Despite its accuracy, the physical disector/fractionator method is rarely employed because it is labour-intensive, time-consuming and costly to perform. Consequently, less rigourous methods of nephron estimation are routinely employed by many laboratories. Here we present an updated, digitized version of the physical disector/fractionator method using free open source Fiji software, which we have termed the integrated disector method. This updated version of the gold standard modality accurately, rapidly and cost-effectively quantitates nephron number in embryonic and post-natal mouse kidneys, and can be easily adapted for stereological measurements in other organ systems.


Les anomalies congénitales du rein et des voies urinaires (Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract, CAKUT) désignent un groupe polymorphe d'entités cliniques qui constitue la cause la plus fréquente d'insuffisance rénale chez l'enfant. Le CAKUT comprend aussi un grand nombre de malformations développementales, dont le syndrome de Potter, l'hypoplasie rénale, ainsi que la dysplasie rénale (maldifférentiation des tissus rénaux), toutes caractérisées par un déficit de néphrons. On reconnaît de plus en plus une masse néphronique congénitale réduite, d'abord présentée dans l'hypothèse de Brenner, comme une cause de l'hypertension chez l'adulte, de coronaropathie, d'AVC, et d'insuffisance rénale en Amérique du Nord. Les modèles génétiques de souris comportant une détérioration de la fonction rénale et de la masse néphronique fournissent un cadre pour permettre la compréhension de l'origine des néphropathies chez l'humain. Les méthodes actuelles de quantification des néphrons comprennent (i) la macération acide (ii) l'estimation du nombre de néphrons à partir d'une petite quantité de tissus sectionnés (iii) les modes d'imagerie tels que l'IRM et (iv) la technique de référence du disecteur et fractionnement. Malgré sa précision, cette dernière méthode n'est employée que rarement, puisqu'elle requiert main-d'œuvre, temps et argent. Par conséquent, plusieurs laboratoires emploient systématiquement des méthodes moins rigoureuses d'estimation du nombre de néphrons. Nous présentons ici une version mise à jour et numérisée de la technique du disecteur et fractionnement, que nous appelons la technique intégrée du disecteur, en utilisant Fiji, un logiciel ouvert et gratuit. Cette version mise à jour de la modalité de référence permet de quantifier les néphrons de manière précise, rapide et rentable dans les reins de souris à l'état embryonnaire ou postnatal, et peut aisément être adaptée aux mesures stéréologiques d'autres organes.

13.
Dev Dyn ; 242(6): 790-9, 2013 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23559562

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The DNA-binding transcription factor Wilms' Tumor Suppressor-1 (WT1) plays an essential role in nephron progenitor differentiation during renal development. We previously used Wt1 chromatin-immunoprecipitation coupled to microarray (ChIP-chip) to identify novel Wt1 target genes that may regulate nephrogenesis in vivo. We discovered that all three members of the SoxC subfamily, namely, Sox4, Sox11, and Sox12, are bound by Wt1 in mouse embryonic kidneys in vivo. SoxC genes play master roles in determining neuronal and mesenchymal progenitor cell fate in a multitude of developmental processes, but their function in the developing kidney is largely unknown. RESULTS: Here we show that all three SoxC genes are expressed in the nephrogenic lineages during renal development. Conditional ablation of Sox4 in nephron progenitors and their cellular descendants (Sox4(nephron-) mice) results in a significant reduction in nephron endowment. By postnatal day (P)7, Sox4(nephron-) renal corpuscles exhibit reduced numbers of Wt1+ podocytes together with loss of expression of the slit diaphragm protein nephrin. Sox4(nephron-) mice develop early-onset proteinacious glomerular injury within 2 weeks of birth progressing to end-stage renal failure within 5-9 months. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our results demonstrate an essential requirement of Sox4 for normal renal development in vivo.


Assuntos
Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Rim/embriologia , Fatores de Transcrição SOXC/metabolismo , Alelos , Animais , Linhagem da Célula , Imunoprecipitação da Cromatina , Hibridização In Situ , Glomérulos Renais/metabolismo , Camundongos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Néfrons/metabolismo , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Insuficiência Renal/genética , Células-Tronco/citologia , Fatores de Tempo , Proteínas WT1/metabolismo
14.
Theriogenology ; 79(3): 566-73, 2013 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23244765

RESUMO

Testicular weight is a valuable measure of gonadal development in laboratory mice, but is usually only obtainable postmortem. The objective was to assess the utility of antemortem, noninvasive methods of predicting testicular weight and volume in peripubertal mice. Body weight, scrotal width, and ultrasonographic testicular diameter measurements were obtained in situ in euthanized male outbred (CD-1: N = 20) and inbred (BALB/c: N = 20) mice and compared with excised testicular weight and diameter. In these two strains, body weight predicted mean testicular weight (r(2) = 0.810; P < 0.0001 and r(2) = 0.943; P < 0.0001, respectively). Scrotal width (lateral margins of the scrotum) was a more reliable indicator of excised mean testicular weight (CD-1: r(2) = 0.885; P < 0.0001; BALB/c: r(2) = 0.861; P < 0.0001) than measurements of testicular diameter obtained via ultrasound (CD-1: r(2) = 0.597; P < 0.0001: BALB/c: r(2) = 0.478, P < 0.01) in both strains. Obtaining scrotal width measurements also required less time and restraint than ultrasonography. In live, conscious animals (10 of each strain), the association of scrotal width to testicular weight remained high (CD-1: r(2) = 0.906; P < 0.0001; BALB/c: r(2) = 0.918; P < 0.0001). Predicted testicular weights derived from scrotal width measurements differentiated animals in three stages of advanced spermiogenesis (CD-1: N = 30; P < 0.0001; BALB/c: N = 30; P < 0.0001). Based on these findings, in vivo scrotal width can be used for noninvasive, in situ prediction of testicular weight in peripubertal laboratory mice. It also has potential application in staging testicular development on a quantitative scale, which would complement using balanopreputial separation as a single indicator of puberty. As a more direct measure of testicular size, this parameter will also be less affected by endogenous and exogenous influences than body weight. Ultimately, using noninvasive in vivo methods of predicting testicular weight should reduce the number of animals required for studies focused on testicular development.


Assuntos
Animais de Laboratório/anatomia & histologia , Animais de Laboratório/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Testículo/anatomia & histologia , Testículo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Biometria , Peso Corporal , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Tamanho do Órgão , Escroto/anatomia & histologia , Maturidade Sexual , Especificidade da Espécie , Espermatogênese , Testículo/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia
15.
J Am Soc Nephrol ; 22(7): 1286-96, 2011 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21719793

RESUMO

Paracrine signaling between podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells through vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) maintains a functional glomerular filtration barrier. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), located on the cell surface or in the extracellular matrix, bind signaling molecules such as VEGFA and affect their local concentrations, but whether modulation of these moieties promotes normal crosstalk between podocytes and endothelial cells is unknown. Here, we found that the transcription factor Wilms' Tumor 1 (WT1) modulates VEGFA and FGF2 signaling by increasing the expression of the 6-O-endosulfatases Sulf1 and Sulf2, which remodel the heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfation pattern in the extracellular matrix. Mice deficient in both Sulf1 and Sulf2 developed age-dependent proteinuria as a result of ultrastructural abnormalities in podocytes and endothelial cells, a phenotype similar to that observed in children with WT1 mutations and in Wt1(+/-) mice. These kidney defects associated with a decreased distribution of VEGFA in the glomerular basement membrane and on endothelial cells. Collectively, these data suggest that WT1-dependent sulfatase expression plays a critical role in maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier by modulating the bioavailability of growth factors, thereby promoting normal crosstalk between podocytes and endothelial cells.


Assuntos
Glomérulos Renais/enzimologia , Sulfatases/metabolismo , Sulfotransferases/metabolismo , Proteínas WT1/metabolismo , Animais , Comunicação Celular , Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos da Linhagem 129 , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Mutação , Permeabilidade , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo
16.
J Am Soc Nephrol ; 22(6): 1053-63, 2011 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21546576

RESUMO

Understanding the mechanisms that regulate nephron progenitors during kidney development should aid development of therapies for renal failure. MicroRNAs, which modulate gene expression through post-transcriptional repression of specific target mRNAs, contribute to the differentiation of stem cells, but their role in nephrogenesis is incompletely understood. Here, we found that the loss of miRNAs in nephron progenitors results in a premature depletion of this population during kidney development. Increased apoptosis and expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bim accompanied this depletion. Profiling of miRNA expression during nephrogenesis identified several highly expressed miRNAs (miR-10a, miR-106b, miR-17-5p) in nephron progenitors that are either known or predicted to target Bim. We propose that modulation of apoptosis by miRNAs may determine congenital nephron endowment. Furthermore, our data implicate the pro-apoptotic protein Bim as a miRNA target in nephron progenitors.


Assuntos
Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/fisiologia , Rim/embriologia , Rim/fisiologia , Proteínas de Membrana/fisiologia , MicroRNAs/fisiologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/fisiologia , Células-Tronco/fisiologia , Animais , Apoptose/fisiologia , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/genética , Proteína 11 Semelhante a Bcl-2 , Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Proliferação de Células , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Rim/citologia , Masculino , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Mutantes , Camundongos Transgênicos , Modelos Animais , Gravidez , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Células-Tronco/citologia
17.
Development ; 137(7): 1189-203, 2010 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20215353

RESUMO

The Wilms' tumor suppressor 1 (WT1) gene encodes a DNA- and RNA-binding protein that plays an essential role in nephron progenitor differentiation during renal development. To identify WT1 target genes that might regulate nephron progenitor differentiation in vivo, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) coupled to mouse promoter microarray (ChIP-chip) using chromatin prepared from embryonic mouse kidney tissue. We identified 1663 genes bound by WT1, 86% of which contain a previously identified, conserved, high-affinity WT1 binding site. To investigate functional interactions between WT1 and candidate target genes in nephron progenitors, we used a novel, modified WT1 morpholino loss-of-function model in embryonic mouse kidney explants to knock down WT1 expression in nephron progenitors ex vivo. Low doses of WT1 morpholino resulted in reduced WT1 target gene expression specifically in nephron progenitors, whereas high doses of WT1 morpholino arrested kidney explant development and were associated with increased nephron progenitor cell apoptosis, reminiscent of the phenotype observed in Wt1(-/-) embryos. Collectively, our results provide a comprehensive description of endogenous WT1 target genes in nephron progenitor cells in vivo, as well as insights into the transcriptional signaling networks controlled by WT1 that might direct nephron progenitor fate during renal development.


Assuntos
Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Rim/citologia , Rim/embriologia , Néfrons/citologia , Células-Tronco/fisiologia , Proteínas WT1/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose/fisiologia , Sequência de Bases , Imunoprecipitação da Cromatina , Bases de Dados Factuais , Embrião de Mamíferos/anatomia & histologia , Embrião de Mamíferos/fisiologia , Feminino , Hibridização In Situ , Rim/metabolismo , Camundongos , Análise em Microsséries , Néfrons/embriologia , Néfrons/metabolismo , Oligonucleotídeos Antissenso/genética , Oligonucleotídeos Antissenso/metabolismo , Gravidez , Células-Tronco/citologia , Técnicas de Cultura de Tecidos , Proteínas WT1/genética
18.
Kidney Int ; 74(4): 411-2, 2008 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18670405

RESUMO

After more than 15 years of intense study, WT1 remains a complex protein with multiple functions and targets. This Commentary discusses new developments and puts past results in perspective.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Renais/genética , Rim , Proteínas WT1/genética , Tumor de Wilms/genética , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Isoformas de Proteínas
19.
Differentiation ; 76(8): 831-42, 2008 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18331343

RESUMO

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. A critical role for BMP signaling in the development of the metanephric kidney is supported by a growing number of studies using in vitro assays and in vivo animal models. Here we review current knowledge of BMPs, BMP receptors and regulators of the BMP signaling pathway in the developing kidney. We highlight major gaps in our knowledge of the roles of BMP signaling in the development of the normal and abnormal kidney and identify areas and techniques likely to improve our understanding.


Assuntos
Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas/fisiologia , Rim/embriologia , Rim/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Animais , Receptores de Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas/fisiologia , Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas/biossíntese , Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas/genética , Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas/metabolismo , Previsões , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento/fisiologia , Humanos , Rim/anormalidades , Rim/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Transdução de Sinais/genética
20.
J Am Soc Nephrol ; 19(1): 117-24, 2008 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18178801

RESUMO

The molecular signals that regulate growth and branching of the ureteric bud during formation of the renal collecting system are largely undefined. Members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family signal through the type I BMP receptor ALK3 to inhibit ureteric bud and collecting duct cell morphogenesis in vitro. We investigated the function of the BMP signaling pathway in vivo by generating a murine model of ALK3 deficiency restricted to the ureteric bud lineage (Alk3(UB-/-) mice). At the onset of branching morphogenesis, Alk3(UB-/-) kidneys are characterized by an abnormal primary (1 degrees ) ureteric bud branch pattern and an increased number of ureteric bud branches. However, during later stages of renal development, Alk3(UB-/-) kidneys have fewer ureteric bud branches and collecting ducts than wild-type kidneys. Postnatal Alk3(UB-/-) mice exhibit a dysplastic renal phenotype characterized by hypoplasia of the renal medulla, a decreased number of medullary collecting ducts, and abnormal expression of beta-catenin and c-MYC in medullary tubules. In summary, normal kidney development requires ALK3-dependent BMP signaling, which controls ureteric bud branching.


Assuntos
Receptores de Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas Tipo I/fisiologia , Deleção de Genes , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Túbulos Renais Coletores/fisiologia , Animais , Desenvolvimento Embrionário , Genes Reporter , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/genética , Rim/embriologia , Túbulos Renais Coletores/embriologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Camundongos Transgênicos , Ureter/embriologia , Ureter/fisiologia
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