Investigation of the potential roles of adipose stem cells and substances of natural origin in the healing process of E. coli infected wound model in Rats.

Skin infections by pathogenic microorganisms are a serious problem due to the potential of dissemination through the bloodstream to various organs causing toxic effects that may be up to mortality. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the most predominant Gram-negative bacterial species present globally with great attention for investigation. The current study is designed to investigate the possible role of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs), as well as natural products such as Trichoderma viride (T. viride) extract, Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) solution in the enhancement of wound healing process in the infected skin with E. coli. Ninety-six female rats were divided into 8 groups (12 animal/group): normal skin, wounded skin, wounded skin infected with E. coli, infected-wounded skin treated by ADSCs, infected-wounded skin treated by T. viride extract, infected-wounded skin treated by S. boulardii solution, infected-wounded skin treated a combination of treatments, infected-wounded skin treated by gentamicin. At day 21 animal weights and bacterial count were detected and compared. Animals were sacrificed and skin from various groups was investigated using a light microscope for sections stained by (hematoxylin eosin, Masson trichrome, and PCNA) as well as transmission electron microscopy. Pro-inflammatory (IL-1ß, TNF- α, and IL-13), anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4), and antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and catalase) were assessed in various groups revealing that ADSCs lightly shift levels of these parameters in various rat groups to regular levels, while administration of T. viride extract, S. boulardii solution, their combination with ADSCs and gentamicin treatment drive the tested cytokines and enzymes to significant levels similar to a normal level where combination therapy gave the best result. The current findings revealed the possibility of using certain natural products as possible substitutes to regularly applied antibiotics with successive protective results in the wound infection model.

Evaluation of the Postnatal Effects Induced by Diazinon on the Growth of the Mice Offspring and the Development of Their Cerebellar Cortex.

Diazinon (DZN) is a commonly used organophosphorus pesticide. Exposure to the residuals of DZN may lead to toxic effects. The current work was performed to clarify the possible physical variations and cellular changes in the developing cerebellar cortex of mice offspring after administration of DZN to their pregnant mothers. 27 adult males and 54 adult females were housed for mating. In the morning, vaginal smears were done to detect vaginal plug. Pregnant mice were divided into 3 groups: GI (control), GII (DZN), and GIII (sham control). Their offspring were subdivided into 3 subgroups (a) at birth, (b) on postnatal day 7 (PD7), and (c) on postnatal day 14 (PD14). At the end of the experiment, fetal crown-rump length and weight were measured. The cerebellar cortex was extracted, and samples were prepared for tissue homogenate, light and electron microscopic examination, morphometric and statistical studies. DZN treatment induced a statistically significant difference in pups' crown-rump length and weight associated with a highly statistically significant decrease in acetylcholinesterase enzyme level. A histopathological degenerative change was observed in the cerebellum of GII. Postnatally, a separation between cerebellar layers occurred along with shrunken cells leading to multiple enfolding and vacuolated matrix. At PD14, pericellular halos and hemorrhage between the pia matter and external granular layer were noticed. Ultrastructural examination revealed dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, swollen mitochondria, and shrunken hyperchromatic nuclei. Moreover, morphometric studies detected a statistically significant increase in external granular layer thickness and a statistical decrease in Purkinje cell numbers. These findings demonstrated that prenatal administration of DZN to pregnant mice adversely influenced the developing cerebellum of the offspring and leads to neurodegenerative changes.

Regenerative and Antioxidant Properties of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma Can Reserve the Aging Process of the Cornea in the Rat Model.

Aging is a natural progressive decline in the biological function of cells. Age-related changes in the cornea can affect its ability to refract light or repair itself. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has a promising role in regenerative medicine and evidenced its efficacy in multiple fields, but in corneal aging has not yet been elucidated. The present work was performed to estimate the regenerative antioxidant effect of PRP on corneal aging in rats. Rats were assigned into two main groups: (GI) adult group and (GII) aged group. The adult group was divided into GIa (adult rats), GIb (adult-saline treated), and GIc (adult-PRP treated). The aged group was divided into GIIa (aged rats) and GIIb (aged, PRP treated). PRP was administered by a single subconjunctival injection. After 10 days, histological, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, and morphometrical investigations were carried out. Examination of the corneal sections of the aged group revealed corneal epithelial thinning, shedding of the surface epithelium with loss of desmosomal junction, and irregularity in Bowman's membrane. Disorganized widely spaced collagen bundles and neovascularization were detected in corneal stroma associated with thickening in Descemet's membrane. Ultrastructural examination revealed shrunken hyperchromatic nuclei, swollen mitochondria, and scanty cytoplasm with a strong nuclear reaction for caspase-3 immunostaining. Moreover, antioxidant/free radicals' imbalance was detected by the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) level with a decrease of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. In contrast, GIIb (aged, PRP treated) section examination revealed a restoration of the thickness of the corneal epithelial layer and Descemet's membrane with an amendment of collagen fiber regularity that is associated with weak nuclear reaction to caspase-3 and recovery of the balance in the redox state. These findings proved the effectiveness of PRP as a promising regenerative treatment for the age-associated changes in the cornea.