A novel approach to central venous catheter thrombosis in a patient with cystic fibrosis.

Catheter directed thrombolysis has been described as a treatment for large pulmonary emboli resistant to systemic therapy [Kelly P, Carroll N, Grant C, Barrett C, Kocka V. Successful treatment of massive pulmonary embolism with prolonged catheter-directed thrombolysis. Heart Vessels 2006;21:124?6]. We now describe a case in which local catheter directed thrombolysis, via a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC), was used to treat a large thrombus surrounding the tip of an indwelling central venous line that was causing superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO), in a patient with cystic fibrosis.

Does GH replacement therapy in adult GH-deficient patients result in recurrence or increase in size of pituitary tumours?

OBJECTIVE: Hypopituitary GH-deficient patients have an increased cardiovascular mortality and GH replacement in this population has resulted in considerable therapeutic benefit. GH replacement involves administration of a potentially mitogenic substance to patients with a previous or residual pituitary tumour. Our objective was to evaluate whether GH replacement results in an increase in the size of pituitary tumours. METHODS: This was a non-randomised observational study on patients recruited from the endocrine clinic. All subjects had GH deficiency, proven on an insulin tolerance test and were divided into those who were or were not receiving long-term GH replacement. Comparison of change in pituitary size was made with interval radiological imaging of the pituitary. RESULTS: Seventy-five patients (40 men and 35 women) were in the study, 47 were on long-term GH replacement and there were 28 controls. The average length of treatment for the treated group was 3.6 patient years. Thirty-nine patients in the treated group had at least 2 years of GH treatment between imaging studies of the pituitary. Two patients in the treated group had an increase in pituitary size (non-functioning adenomas) and two in the control group (one functioning and one non-functioning adenoma adenoma). None of these four patients required further treatment. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Using a representative cohort of hypopituitary patients attending an endocrine clinic, GH replacement was not associated with an increased pituitary tumour recurrence rate. Although the results are not conclusive, in the period of observation GH had little adverse effect but longer studies are required to be certain.

Gadopentate dimeglumine as an alternative contrast agent for use in interventional procedures.

Renal failure due to iodinated contrast media is a serious complication of peripheral angiography in patients with impaired renal function. Gadolinium based agents which are widely used in magnetic resonance imaging have no adverse renal toxicity at recommended doses. These agents have sufficient radiographic density to be seen using digital subtraction equipment. We describe the use of undiluted gadopentate dimeglumine as the radiographic contrast agent in two patients who underwent complex interventional procedures.

The role of CT and MR in imaging the complications of sickle cell disease.

Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited haemoglobinopathy described. Complications of sickle cell disease (SCD) are due to chronic haemolysis of fragile red cells or secondary to vascular occlusion by sickled red cells with subsequent tissue infarction. Traditionally plain film radiography has been the mainstay in the assessment of patients with SCD, but increasingly magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT) are being used. In this review the imaging features of a range of complications of SCD are demonstrated with particular emphasis on CT and MR.