[Analysis on vascular risk factors accompanied with high-normal blood pressure among Uygur, Kazak, Mongolian and Han populations in Boertala region of Xinjiang, China.].

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence and distribution of high-normal blood pressure (BP) and the prevalence rates of risk factors related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among Uygur, Kazak, Mongolian and Han populations in Boertala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang. METHODS: 4325 Subjects, with numbers of Uygur, Kazak, Mongolian, Han ethnicities as 1247, 1047, 817, 1214 cases, respectively and aged 20 - 79 years, were selected from the cross-sectional study on hypertension in Boertala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang. The prevalence rates of related risk factors on CVD were analyzed among multiethnic populations with high-normal BP. RESULTS: (1) The prevalence rates of high-normal BP were 39.2%, 34.5%, 36.0%, 36.5% respectively in Uygur, Kazak, Mongolian, Han populations. The prevalence rate of aged < 40 years in Uygur, Kazak, Mongolian was higher than that of aged 40 - 60 (P = 0.000, 0.006, 0.016 respectively in Uygur, Kazak, Mongolian) and > 60 years (all the P = 0.000 in the three ethnic populations) in the same ethnic population. (2) In the high-normal BP groups, subjects with both SBP (120 - 139 mm Hg) and DBP (80 - 89 mm Hg) at high-normal BP level accounted for the majority (> 45%) while subjects with only DBP (80 - 89 mm Hg) at high-normal BP level had the lowest prevalence rate (> 13%). (3) The prevalence rates of overweight-obesity (body mass index >/= 24.0 kg/m(2)), visceral obesity (waist circumference >/= male 85 cm/female 80 cm), dyslipidemia and >/= 1 risk factors of CVD in multiethnic populations respectively were >/= 57%, 62%, 43% and 82%. (4) Analyzed by multiple regression, aging, over-weight and or obesity, being male etc. were risk factors for high-normal BP. CONCLUSION: High-normal blood pressure was common among aged 20 - 79 years Uygur, Kazak, Mongolian, Han populations, especially among people < 40 years, in Xinjiang Boertala region, which was often accompanied by others risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Prevention and control programs on risk factors for population with high-normal blood pressure need to be strongly advocated.

[Changing trend of clinical characteristics on aortic dissection over the last 10 years in Urumqi].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss both clinical and epidemiological features as well as the changing trend of aortic dissection (AD). METHODS: Retrospective analysis on 238 patients with AD over a 10 year period in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. Hospital records and data on prognosis were compared between the two five-year periods. RESULTS: 238 cases with AD were hospitalized during the past 10 years with mean age as 51.9 +/- 12.1. The male/female ratio was 3.67 to 1. Hypertension was present in 73.5% of all the patients. Heavy smoking history was elicited in 44.1% of all the patients. Type I dissection were identified in 35.3% of all the cases, 7.6% in type II and 57.1% in type III. The mean age of the type A was much younger than in type B. In-hospital mortality of acute type A dissection was 36.5% and acute type B dissection was 9.5%. In the two five-year periods, the total number of cases increased by 240%, among which type I the fastest which increased by 360%. Changes regarding mean age and male/female ratio were not obvious. For acute AD, one-year survival rate improved but did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Our data provided insight into current regional profiles of AD. The number of hospitalized patients with AD was increasing dramatically. Also the mean age of the first-attack was much younger and proportion of males and in-hospital mortality of acute type A dissection were together with both much higher than reports provided by researchers from other regions. These data suggested that there was an urgent need for further improvement in prevention and treatment of AD.

[A cross-sectional study on snoring in Boertala Mongolia Autonomous Prefecture].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence and risk factors of snoring in Boertala Mongolia Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang. METHODS: A random sample of 4444 people, aged > or = 30, from Mongolian, Kazakh, Uygur, and Han population in Boertala Mongolia Autonomous Prefecture was investigated for the presence of snoring and the risk factors. RESULTS: The incidence of snoring was 21.8% (n = 967) in this sample population. The incidences of snoring adjusted by age and gender were 30.3%, 16.4%, 23.5%, and 19.5%, respectively in Mongolian, Kazakh, Uygur, and Han populations. The ratios of smoking and alcohol consumption were higher in subjects of snoring (43.4% vs 27.8%, and 40.5% vs 24.2%, respectively). Multiple unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index (BMI) was the major risk factor for snoring. Neck circumference was significantly correlated with snoring in Kazakh and Mongolian, populations. Alcohol consumption was a risk factor for snoring in Mongolian, Kazakh, and Han populations. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of snoring is high in Boertala Mongolia Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang, especially in the Mongolian population. BMI, neck circumference and alcohol consumption were risk factors for snoring.

[Study on the correlation between coronary heart disease and chronic periodontitis].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between angiographically-defined coronary heart disease (CHD) and chronic periodontitis (CP). METHODS: 277 cases with CHD (case group) and another 238 with no agiographic evidence of CHD (control group) were compared on their traditional cardiovascular risk factors, as: oral health status and probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival recession, as well as number of missing teeth. Other related risk factors of CHD were included in a stepwise logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Data from univariate analysis showed that there was significant difference in CP, plasma triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fast glucose, white blood count, hypertension and smoking between patients with CHD and those with out CHD (P < 0.01 - 0.001). Multiple factorial logistic regression analysis showed that CP, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, HDL-C were strongly correlated with the incidence of CHD. Significant dosage-effective response was also found in the relationship between CP and CHD (P < 0.001). Further studies also suggested that the severity of CP paralleled the severity of CHD. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that CP might serve as an independent risk factor of CHD and significantly enhance the risk and severity of CHD. Our study suggested that the elimination of probable risk factors in oral cavity was indispensable during the process of the prevention of CHD in order to prevent acute coronary events.

[The correlation between polymorphism at position -511C/T in the promoter region of interleukin 1B and the severity of coronary heart disease].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between polymorphism at position -511C/T in the promoter region of interleukin 1B (IL1B) and the severity of coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was applied to analyze the polymorphisms of IL1B -511C/T in 127 patients with CHD and 152 controls. And the serum level of lipoproteins was detected by enzymology method. RESULTS: The distribution of IL1B -511C/T polymorphism between acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients and controls was significantly different (chi-square test=5.72, P<0.01). CT and TT genotype carriers were in increased risk of ACS with more double ratio to CC genotype (OR=2.56, 95%CI=1.17-5.59). In CHD group, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels of patients with CT and TT genotypes (6.09+/-0.97 mmol/L and 3.97+/-0.92 mmol/L) were significantly higher than those of patients with CC genotype (5.12+/-0.56 mmol/L and 2.87+/-0.71 mmol/L, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The polymorphism at position -511C/T in IL1B is associated with the severity of CHD, and the DNA variation at this position may affect the secretion of IL1B, and aggravate the reaction of inflammation and dyslipoidemia.

[The clinical analysis of with 106 cases aortic dissection].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors clinical appearance and examination methods of aortic dissection (AD). METHOD: The clinical data of 106 AD patients admitted from the January, 2001 to July, 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The symptoms and physical signs of the 106 AD patients were diverse. Chest pain was a common initial symptoms but some patients initial symptoms were atypical. The origins of AD was in ascending aorta when patients had clinical appearance mimicking myocardial infarction, and in descending aorta when patients had pain involving shoulders, dorsum, waist, abdomen or lower limbs. Hypertension was the most important cause of AD. The combination use of echocardiography, CT and MRI may help to make rapid diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The symptoms and physical signs of AD were diverse. Clinical symptom had some relationship with the origin of AD, the form of AD and hypertension had obvious relations. An obvious correlation exited between the occurrence of AD and hypertension.

Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms and risk for coronary artery disease in Chinese Xinjiang Uygur and Han population.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between apolipoprotein E (Apo E) gene polymorphism and risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), analyzing association of polymorphism with classical risk factors. METHODS: A total of 124 patients (including 84 Han population and 40 Uygur population) with angiographically verified CAD or myocardial infarction were prospectively evaluated. Data referring to hypertension, diabetes, and tobacco consumption were recorded. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, Apo A1 and B, and triglycerides (TG) were determined. DNA was obtained from 124 patients and 70 controls. In order to determine Apo E genotypes, DNA was PCR amplified and digested with HhaI. The genetic polymorphism of Apo E is due to three common alleles, epsilon (epsilon) 2, epsilon3, epsilon4, at a single autosomal gene locus. These alleles determine the six phenotypes E2/2, E3/3, E4/4, E4/2, E4/3, and E3/2. RESULTS: In Uygur population, the frequency of the epsilon2, epsilon3, and epsilon4 was 0.155, 0.648, and 0.197 respectively. In Han population, the frequency of the epsilon2, epsilon3, and epsilon4 was 0.081, 0.772, and 0.146 respectively. In the patient group, the frequency of the epsilon2, epsilon3, and epsilon4 was 0.060, 0.758, and 0.182 respectively. In the control group, the frequency of the epsilon2, epsilon3, and epsilon4 was 0.193, 0.671, and 0.136 respectively. epsilon2 frequency of Uygur' patients and controls was 0.050 and 0.290 respectively. Serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, TC, and TG values tended to decrease from the Apo E-4 phenotypes to Apo E-2 phenotypes. When deletion polymorphism of epsilon2 was compared with the common risk factors for CAD, its risk ratio (RR) is 4.38. CONCLUSIONS: These studies confirm and find that Apo E phenotype distribution in Uygur population differs significantly from that in Han population in Xinjiang. CAD patients have significantly lower epsilon2 allele and slightly higher epsilon3 or epsilon4 allele frequency than controls, especially in Uygur population. It shows protective effects of epsilon2 on CAD.