RESUMO
The complete mitochondrial genome of Cryptotermes domesticus (Haviland) was sequenced and annotated to study its characteristics and the phylogenetic relationship of C. domesticus to other termite species. The mitogenome of C. domesticus is a circular, close, and double-stranded molecule with a length of 15,655 bp. The sequenced mitogenome contains 37 typical genes, which are highly conserved in gene size, organization, and codon usage. Transfer RNA genes (tRNAs) also have typical secondary structures. All of the 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) start with an ATN codon, except for nad4, which starts with GTG and terminates with the terminal codon TAA and TAG or the incomplete form T-- (cox2 and nad5). Most tRNAs have a typical cloverleaf structure, except for trnS1, in which this form is replaced by a simple loop and lacks the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm. The nucleotide diversity (Pi) and nonsynonymous (Ka)/synonymous (Ks) mutation rate ratios indicate that nad1, cox1, and cox3 are the most conserved genes, and that cox1 has the lowest rate of evolution. In addition, an 89 bp repeated sequence was found in the A + T-rich region. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods based on 13 PCGs, and the monophyly of Kalotermitidae was supported.
Assuntos
Baratas , Genoma Mitocondrial , Isópteros , Animais , Filogenia , Isópteros/genética , Teorema de Bayes , RNA de Transferência/genética , CódonRESUMO
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are recently discovered as a special novel type of endogenous noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which form a covalently closed continuous loop and are highly represented in the eukaryotic transcriptome. Recent research revealed that circRNAs can function as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, regulators of splicing and transcription, as well as interact with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). In this review, not only the function and mechanism, but also the experimental methods of circRNA are summarized. The summary of the current state of circRNA will help us in the discovery of novel biomarkers, the therapeutic targets and their potential significance in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. CircRNAs might play important roles in cancers especially in hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric carcinoma and colorectal cancer as well as serving as diagnostic or predictive biomarkers of some diseases and providing new treatments of diseases.
RESUMO
The complete mitogenome of Cryptotermes brevis (Walker) (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) is confirmed. This circular mitogenome (accession number MK618724) length is 15,674 bp, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes. The overall G + C proportion is 31.48%. These data expand the termite mitogenome databases, provide data support for the next phylogenetic and evolutionary studies.
RESUMO
The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenomes) of Cryptotermes declivis were revealed. The circular mitogenome of C. declivis (accession number MK599465) has a length of 15678 bp and an overall G + C content of 35.07%. Genome orientation showed rearrangement. The position of the trnV is moved from the L-strand between rrnL and rrnS to the H-strand between rrnS and trnI. The data further expands arthropod mitogenome databases and provides a case of gene rearrangement.
