Report on a transborder spread of carbapenemase-producing bacteria by a patient injured during Euromaidan, Ukraine.

Spread of carbapenemase-producing bacteria has been described all over the world. This phenomenon may be accelerated by many factors, including wars and natural disasters. In this report, we described an NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumonia ST11 recovered from a patient injured during the Maidan revolution in Ukraine. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Ukraine and one of several reports describing wound colonization/infection of humans injured during war.

Complete nucleotide sequences of two NDM-1-encoding plasmids from the same sequence type 11 Klebsiella pneumoniae strain.

The sequence type 11 Klebsiella pneumoniae strain Kpn-3002cz was confirmed to harbor two NDM-1-encoding plasmids, pB-3002cz and pS-3002cz. pB-3002cz (97,649 bp) displayed extensive sequence similarity with the blaNDM-1-carrying plasmid pKPX-1. pS-3002cz (73,581 bp) was found to consist of an IncR-related sequence (13,535 bp) and a mosaic region (60,046 bp). A 40,233-bp sequence of pS-3002cz was identical to the mosaic region of pB-3002cz, indicating the en bloc acquisition of the NDM-1-encoding region from one plasmid by the other.

[The current view of the diagnosis and management of amebiasis in the light of the authors own case reports]. / Soucasný pohled na diagnostiku a lécbu amébózy ve svetle vlastní kazuistické zkusenosti.

This comprehensive review is focused on a serious protozoan disease, amebiasis. This disease is caused by the human parasite Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica), the second leading cause of mortality due to protozoan disease worldwide (the leading cause is malaria). The incidence of amebiasis in the Czech Republic is very low, but it may be underreported as the disease often escapes diagnosis. Intestinal colonisation by E. histolytica may be asymptomatic. The clinical picture ranges from diarrhea to colitis or fulminant colitis when the parasite progresses to the trophozoite stage. Secondary dissemination in the blood or lymph system may induce systemic signs of the disease. Liver abscess is the most common extraintestinal form of amebiasis. The diagnosis of intestinal amebiasis is based on the clinical picture and parasitological examination of the stool. To diagnose extraintestinal amebiasis, serology tests are used to detect antibodies in the blood. Recently, molecular methods have been increasingly used for the detection of the nucleic acids of the pathogen in biological specimens. The first line therapy for amebiasis are 5-nitroimidazole drugs, currently available in the Czech Republic. However, surgical intervention should also be considered in patients with a severe course of the disease. Included in the review are the case reports of patients with severe concomitant intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis.

National hand hygiene campaigns in Europe, 2000-2009.

Hand hygiene represents the single most effective way to prevent healthcare-associated infections. The World Health Organization, as part of its First Global Patient Safety Challenge, recommends implementation of multi-faceted strategies to increase compliance with hand hygiene. A questionnaire was sent by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control to 30 European countries, regarding the availability and organisation of their national hand hygiene campaigns. All countries responded. Thirteen countries had organised at least one national campaign during the period 2000-2009 and three countries were in the process of organising a national campaign. Although the remaining countries did not have a national campaign, several reported regional and local hand hygiene activities or educational resources on national websites.