Levator muscle resection for simple congenital ptosis: its impact on preoperative levator function and dose-response ratio.

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this study is to calculate the dose-response ratio in patients with different levels of levator function following levator resection in simple congenital ptosis. The secondary outcome is to evaluate the success rate and effect of levator resection on postoperative levator function. METHODS: In a retrospective study, the medical records of patients were reviewed for age, gender, laterality, preoperative and postoperative measurements (palpebral fissure height, marginal reflex distance 1, and levator function), magnitude of levator resection, follow-up time, and postoperative complications. RESULTS: Of 154 patients with a mean age of 17.12 ± 11.14 years, 54 patients had excellent levator function, 41 had good function, and 59 had fair function. Following surgery, the mean levator function increased from 8.81 ± 3.40 mm to 11.29 ± 3.25 mm. The magnitude of increase in the 3 groups of excellent, good, and fair was 3.18 ± 2.63, 2.53 ± 2.24 and 1.92 ± 1.80 mm, respectively. The rate of success was 81.8% with no statistically significant difference in the 3 groups. In a multivariate logistic regression, older age, local anaesthesia, and milder ptosis were predictors of success. A table of dose-response ratios was calculated that determined the amounts of levator muscle resection for 1 mm of marginal reflex distance 1 and levator function increase. CONCLUSIONS: Levator resection has high success rate in patients with simple congenital ptosis. The function of levator muscle improved significantly following surgery, and the rate of improvement was higher in patients with better preoperative levator function.

The association between food diversity and serum antioxidant indices in cataract patients compared to healthy subjects.

BACKGROUND: Cataract is a chronic disorder that is related to antioxidant-oxidant imbalance situation. We aimed to investigate the association between food diversity and serum antioxidant and oxidant indices in cataract patients compared to healthy subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this case-control study, ninety volunteers (aged > 50 years) were divided into the cataract (n = 45) and healthy control (n = 45) groups. Anthropometric variables, physical activity and stress levels, food diversity score, serum total oxidant capacity (TOC), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) measurements were done for all participants. RESULTS: Serum TAC, even after adjustment for stress level, was significantly higher in healthy people compared to cataract patients (P < 0.001). In addition, serum TOC was significantly lower in healthy controls compared to cataract patients (P < 0.002). In healthy group, there was a weak significant positive association between serum TAC and meats group diversity (r = 0.149, P = 0.047). In addition, there was a moderate negative association between meats group diversity and TOC in the healthy controls (r = -0.712, P = 0.041). In the cataract group, there was a significant negative association between serum TOC and diversity score of fruits (r = -0.811, P = 0.017) and meats group (r = -0.926, P = 0.046) as well as total score of food diversity (r = -0.466, P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: It seems that increase in total dietary diversity and food groups' diversity can have a beneficial effect on oxidant situation among cataract patients.