Comparison of Perinatal, Newborn, and Audiometry Results of COVID-19 Pregnant Women.

Objective: There are studies on the perinatal outcomes of COVID-19, but the audiometric effects of the maternal immune system against COVID-19 in the newborn are not clear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the perinatal outcomes of COVID-19 positive pregnant women and the audiological outcomes of newborns. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, single-center cohort study was conducted with 65 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive pregnant women and newborns and 66 normal pregnant women and newborns who were admitted between January 2020-December 2021. Pregnancy data, perinatal outcomes, and newborn hearing test results of pregnant women and newborns were recorded and compared. Results: A total of 131 patients were enrolled in the study. The number of normal pregnant women was 66 (50.4%) and the number of pregnant women who had COVID-19 disease was 65 (49.6%). In general, gestational week, age, parity, biochemical parameters, duration of hospital stay, week of delivery, fetal weight, and apgar scores were compared between pregnant women with COVID-19 and normal. White blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and C-reactive protein (CRP) parameters were found to be significantly higher, and lymphocyte and neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratios were significantly lower (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (χ 2=0.001; p = 1,000). The normal delivery status, the normal delivery rate in patients with COVID-19 was found to be statistically significantly higher than the cesarean section delivery status (p = 0.012). In the statistical comparison between the COVID-19 and normal pregnant groups in the cesarean section group, the gestational week, delivery week, and apgar1 scores of the pregnant women with COVID-19 were found to be significantly higher. There was no statistically significant difference between the distributions of the rate of infants with hearing impairment in the comparison with hearing tests in pregnant women with COVID-19 (n=1) and normal pregnant women (n=1) (χ 2=0.001; p = 1,000). Conclusion: Although the negative effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes are rare, it was determined that there was no increased audiological risk factor, and the most important predictor of COVID-19 was lymphopenia.

Results of endoscopic transcanal tympanoplasty performed by a young surgeon in a secondary hospital / Resultados da timpanoplastia transcanal endoscópica realizada por um jovem cirurgião em um hospital secundário

Abstract Introduction: Tympanoplasty is performed to close the tympanic membrane perforation and recover the hearing level of patients with non-suppurative chronic otitis media. Endoscopic tympanoplasty has recently been increasingly preferred by ear nose and throat surgeons to treat tympanic membrane perforations. Objective: The aim of this study is to discuss the outcomes of patients undergoing endoscopic tympanoplasty performed by a young surgeon in a secondary hospital in the context of the literature. Methods: Fifty patients undergoing endoscopic Type 1 tympanoplasty between February 1, 2017 and February 1, 2018, were included. The patients' age, gender, perforation side and size, preoperative and postoperative pure tone audiometry, graft failure, postoperative pain and complication status were evaluated. Results: The graft success rate was 94% at 6 months postoperatively. Audiometry thresholds were obtained at frequencies of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz. Preoperative pure tone audiometric thresholds were 41.6, 36.3, 34.1, and 39.1 dB, and postoperative, 6 months after surgery, 19.5, 17.8, 17.5, and 20.8 dB. Pure tone audiometry air-bone gaps at the same frequencies changed from 30.5, 24.6, 22.2, and 28.6 dB preoperatively, to 11.0, 9.3, 8.6, and 13.9 dB 6 month after the surgery. There was a statistically significant improvement between the preoperative and postoperative pure tone audiometry, and air bone gaps at all measured frequencies (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Endoscopic transcanal cartilage tympanoplasty has become more commonly performed by otolaryngologists due to the shortening of operation and hospitalization times as well as similar audiological results to those obtained with microscopic tympanoplasty. The surgical and audiological results of a young ear nose throat specialist can reach a similar level of success to those of experienced surgeons, due to a fast learning curve.

Resumo Introdução: A timpanoplastia é realizada para fechar a perfuração da membrana timpânica e restaurar a audição de pacientes com otite média crônica não-supurativa. Recentemente, a timpanoplastia endoscópica tem se tornado a técnica preferida por cirurgiões otorrinolaringologistas, com indicação crescente em casos de perfurações timpânicas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é discutir os resultados em pacientes submetidos a timpanoplastia endoscópica realizada por um jovem cirurgião em um hospital secundário, no contexto da literatura. Método: Cinquenta pacientes submetidos a timpanoplastia endoscópica Tipo 1 entre 1° de fevereiro de 2017 e 1° de fevereiro de 2018 foram incluídos. A idade dos pacientes, sexo, lado e tamanho da perfuração, limiares da audiometria tonal pré-operatória e pós-operatória, falha do enxerto, dor pós-operatória e ocorrência de complicações foram avaliados. Resultados: A taxa de sucesso do enxerto foi de 94% aos 6 meses de pós-operatório. Nas frequências de 0,5, 1, 2 e 4 kHz, a audiometria tonal pré-operatória mostrava limiares de 41,6; 36,3; 34,1 e 39,1 dB e a pós-operatória após 6 meses, revelou limiares de 19,5; 17,8; 17,5 e 20,8 dB. Nas mesmas frequências, os gaps aéreo-ósseos pré-operatório na audiometria tonal eram de 30,5; 24,6; 22,2 e 28,6 dB e com 6 meses de pós-operatório, de 11,0; 9,3; 8,6 e 13,9 dB. Houve melhora estatisticamente significante entre os limiares da audiometria tonal pré- e pós-operatória em todas as frequências (p < 0,05). Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os gaps aéreo-ósseo pré- e pós-operatório, ocorrendo diminuição dos mesmos em todas as frequências (p < 0,05). Conclusão: A timpanoplastia endoscópica com cartilagem por via transcanal tem sido mais comumente realizada pelo otorrinolaringologista devido ao menor tempo de cirurgia e hospitalização e resultados audiológicos semelhantes aos com o uso de microscópico. Os resultados cirúrgicos e audiológicos de um jovem especialista em otorrinolaringologia podem atingir um nível semelhante ao de cirurgiões experientes, com uma rápida curva de aprendizado.

Results of endoscopic transcanal tympanoplasty performed by a young surgeon in a secondary hospital.

INTRODUCTION: Tympanoplasty is performed to close the tympanic membrane perforation and recover the hearing level of patients with non-suppurative chronic otitis media. Endoscopic tympanoplasty has recently been increasingly preferred by ear nose and throat surgeons to treat tympanic membrane perforations. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to discuss the outcomes of patients undergoing endoscopic tympanoplasty performed by a young surgeon in a secondary hospital in the context of the literature. METHODS: Fifty patients undergoing endoscopic Type 1 tympanoplasty between February 1, 2017 and February 1, 2018, were included. The patients' age, gender, perforation side and size, preoperative and postoperative pure tone audiometry, graft failure, postoperative pain and complication status were evaluated. RESULTS: The graft success rate was 94% at 6 months postoperatively. Audiometry thresholds were obtained at frequencies of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4kHz. Preoperative pure tone audiometric thresholds were 41.6, 36.3, 34.1, and 39.1dB, and postoperative, 6 months after surgery, 19.5, 17.8, 17.5, and 20.8dB. Pure tone audiometry air-bone gaps at the same frequencies changed from 30.5, 24.6, 22.2, and 28.6dB preoperatively, to 11.0, 9.3, 8.6, and 13.9dB 6 month after the surgery. There was a statistically significant improvement between the preoperative and postoperative pure tone audiometry, and air bone gaps at all measured frequencies (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Endoscopic transcanal cartilage tympanoplasty has become more commonly performed by otolaryngologists due to the shortening of operation and hospitalization times as well as similar audiological results to those obtained with microscopic tympanoplasty. The surgical and audiological results of a young ear nose throat specialist can reach a similar level of success to those of experienced surgeons, due to a fast learning curve.