Cryptosporidium spp. Infection and Genotype Identification in Pre-Weaned and Post-Weaned Calves in Yunnan Province, China.

BACKGROUND: Cryptosporidium is a globally distributed zoonotic protozoan parasite in humans and animals. Infection is widespread in dairy cattle, especially in calves, resulting in neonatal enteritis, production losses and high mortality. However, the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in pre- and post-weaned calves in Yunnan Province remains unclear. METHODS: We collected 498 fecal samples from Holstein calves on 10 different farms in four regions of Yunnan Province. Nested PCR and DNA sequencing were used to determine the infection, species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium spp. in these animals. RESULTS: The overall occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in Holstein calves was 32.9% (164/498), and the prevalence in pre- and post-weaned calves was 33.5% (106/316) and 31.9% (58/182), respectively. Four Cryptosporidium species were identified in these animals, namely C. bovis (n = 119), C. parvum (n = 23), C. ryanae (n = 20) and C. andersoni (n = 2). Based on sequencing analysis of the 60 kDa glycoprotein gene of C. bovis, C. parvum and C. ryanae, six subtypes of C. bovis (XXVIe, XXVIb, XXVIf, XXVIa XXVIc and XXVId), two subtypes of C. parvum (IIdA19G1 and IIdA18G1) and four subtypes of C. ryanae (XXIf, XXId, XXIe and XXIg) were identified. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide essential information to understand the infection rate, species diversity and genetic structure of Cryptosporidium spp. populations in Holstein pre-weaned and post-weaned calves in Yunnan Province. Further, the presence of IIdA18G1 and IIdA19G1 in C. parvum implies significant animal and public health concerns, which requires greater attention and more preventive measures.

Construction of teaching ability evaluation system for diversified general medicine course teachers under the guidance of "one practice and three learning" / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To construct a teaching ability evaluation system for diversified general medicine course teachers under the guidance of "one practice and three learning".Methods:A research group was established to search for relevant documents and literature. A framework of evaluation index system was established through drafting and repeated discussion and modification by members of the group, as well as further discuss and modification by experts in general medicine. The framework was used to develop an expert consultation questionnaire on the teaching ability evaluation system for diversified general medicine course teachers under the guidance of "one practice and three learning". Through two rounds of expert consultation, a teaching ability evaluation system for diversified general medicine teachers under the guidance of "one practice and three learning" was constructed. A questionnaire was developed according to the system. The rationality and scientificity of the evaluation index system were verified by questionnaire survey.Results:The teaching ability evaluation system for diversified general medicine teachers under the guidance of "one practice and three learning" included 3 first-level indicators, 15 second-level indicators, and 41 third-level indicators. The general medicine curriculum evaluation questionnaire developed on the system showed that the Cronbach's α coefficient of the overall evaluation system was 0.981. The Cronbach's α coefficients of first-level indicators, including general medicine teaching plan, diversified theory and practice teaching, and comprehensive ability cultivation under the guidance of "one practice and three learning" ideology, were 0.920, 0.919, and 0.923, respectively. The content validity index (S-CVI) of the system was 0.981, and the content validity index (I-CVI) of indicators were 0.826-1.000. The correlation coefficients of first-level indicators and the system were 0.837-0.942 (all P<0.05). The correlation coefficients of second-level indicators and their corresponding first-level indicators were 0.586-0.971 (all P<0.05). The correlation coefficients of third-level indicators and their corresponding first-level indicators were 0.412-0.904 (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Under the guidance of "one practice and three learning", the teaching ability evaluation indicators for diversified general medicine course teachers have high specificity, rationale structure, high feasibility, high reliability, and high practicability. This evaluation system can provide theoretical reference for the training of undergraduate students in general medicine.

Stevioside attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by activating the Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting the NF-κB and TGF-ß1/Smad2/3 pathways.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of stevioside (STE) on pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and the potential mechanisms. Methods: In this study, a mouse model of PF was established by a single intratracheal injection of bleomycin (BLM, 3 mg/kg). The experiment consisted of four groups: control group, BLM group, and STE treatment groups (STE 50 and 100 mg/kg). ELISA and biochemical tests were conducted to determine the levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, NO, hydroxyproline (HYP), SOD, GSH, and MDA. Histopathological changes and collagen deposition in lung tissues were observed by HE and Masson staining. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the levels of collagen I-, collagen III-, TGF-ß1- and p-Smad2/3-positive cells. Western blot analysis was used to measure the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, including α-SMA, vimentin, E-cadherin, and ZO-1, as well as proteins related to the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, and TGF-ß1/Smad2/3 pathway in lung tissues. Results: STE significantly alleviated BLM-induced body weight loss and lung injury in mice, decreased HYP levels, and reduced the levels of collagen I- and collagen III-positive cells, thereby decreasing extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Moreover, STE markedly improved oxidative stress (MDA levels were decreased, while SOD and GSH activity were enhanced), the inflammatory response (the levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, and NO were reduced), and EMT (the expression of α-SMA and vimentin was downregulated, and the expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1 was upregulated). Further mechanistic analysis revealed that STE could activate the Nrf2 pathway and inhibit the NF-κB and TGF-ß1/Smad2/3 pathways. Conclusion: STE may alleviate oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2 pathway, suppress the inflammatory response by downregulating the NF-κB pathway, and inhibit EMT progression by blocking the TGF-ß1/Smad2/3 pathway, thereby improving BLM-induced PF.

Molecular Epidemiological Investigation of Cyclospora spp. in Holstein Cattle in Partial Areas of the Yunnan Province, China.

Cyclospora spp. is a food-borne intestinal protozoan, which is widely distributed in the world and poses the risk of zoonosis. In order to reveal the prevalence of Cyclospora spp. in Holstein cattle in partial areas of the Yunnan Province, 524 fresh fecal samples of Holstein cattle were collected from Dali, Kunming, Chuxiong, and Qujing in Yunnan Province. A nested PCR amplification of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene of Cyclospora spp. was carried out, and the products of the nested PCR were further analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using Bsp E Ⅰ. The results of the present study showed that 13 samples were positive for Cyclospora spp., and the total infection rate of Cyclospora sp. was 2.48%. The infection of Cyclospora spp. was detected in Dali, Qujing, and Chuxiong. Chuxiong showed the highest infection rate (5.71%), and infection rate in Dali and Qujing was 2.19% and 3.16%, respectively. Interestingly, the infection of Cyclospora spp. was not detected in Kunming. The infection of Cyclospora spp. showed no significant differences among different regions (p > 0.05). Cyclospora sp. infection was detected in all ages and sexes, but the differences were not significant (p > 0.05). Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that five Cyclospora spp. samples were closely related to the Cyclospora spp. of humans, and the others were closely related to the Cyclospora spp. of bovines. The results of the present study suggested that there was an infection of Cyclospora spp. in Holstein cattle in the Yunnan Province, and the Cyclospora spp. showed a risk of zoonosis. Thus, the prevention and control of Cyclospora spp. should be strengthened in the Yunnan Province, China. The results of this investigation provide data references for the further research of Cyclosporiasis in Holstein cattle in the Yunnan Province.

Research progress of metabolomics in acute kidney injury / 中华危重病急救医学

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is caused by a variety of diseases, which leads to acute renal function decline, azotemia, water and electrolyte disorders and acid-base balance disorders. Metabolomics is a research method that can quantitatively analyze all metabolites in an organism and find the relative relationship between metabolites and physiological and pathological changes. In recent years, several metabolites screened based on metabolomics have been proposed as potential biomarkers to assess the early development and prognosis of AKI and for the discovery of unknown potential therapeutic targets. Based on metabolomics, this paper reviews the risk prediction, early diagnosis, disease monitoring, prognosis assessment and the application of corresponding drugs for AKI, so as to provide reference for precision medicine.

Effect of high expression of APP proteina on postoperative radiotherapy in patients with brain gliom / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To explore and analyze the influence of amyloid precursor protein (APP) protein high expression in brain glioma tissue on postoperative radiotherapy.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on 96 patients with surgically resected glioma admitted to the Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College from Feb. 2020 to Feb. 2022. Clinicopathologic data such as gender, age, tumor location, number of lesions, surgical resection, overall tumor burden reduction rate, radiotherapy dose, maximum lesion diameter of preoperative KPS score and Ki-67 proliferation index were collected, and 96 brain glioma tissue samples were collected.According to the effect of postoperative radiotherapy, the patients were divided into a good radiotherapy effect group (54 cases) and a poor radiotherapy effect group (42 cases), and the number, location, size, pathological grade and other clinical data of the two groups were compared. The expression level of APP in low-grade glioma (52 cases) and high-grade glioma tissue (44 cases) was detected by Western blot method. The clinicopathologic data of patients in the group with good radiotherapy effect and the group with poor radiotherapy effect were analyzed by single factor to find out the influencing factors of postoperative radiotherapy for patients with glioma. Multivariate Logistic analysis was used to analyze the relationship between APP protein expression and postoperative radiotherapy for glioma.Results:Among the 96 brain glioma patients, 56 cases had high expression of APP protein, with high expression rate of 58.33%. The high expression rate of APP protein in high grade gliomas was higher than that in low grade gliomas ( χ2=6.924, P < 0.05). Evaluation results of postoperative radiotherapy for 96 glioma patients showed complete remission was in 21 cases (21.88%), partial remission in 33 cases (34.38%), stable in 26 cases (27.08%) and progressive in 16 cases (16.67%), with an objective remission rate of 56.25% (54/96). Univariate analysis showed that the proportion of high grade glioma, maximum lesion diameter ≥6 cm, Ki67 proliferation index ≥10% and high expression of APP protein in the poor radiotherapy effect group was higher than that in the good radiotherapy effect group ( χ2=6.959, 9.423, 24.282, 37.481, P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the pathological grade of high-grade glioma ( OR=2.838, 95% CI: 1.501-5.366) and high expression of APP protein ( OR=3.089, 95% CI: 1.364-6.996) were independent risk factors for the effect of postoperative radiotherapy in patients with glioma ( P < 0.05) . Conclusions:APP protein is highly expressed in glioma tissues, and its expression increases with the increase of the pathological grade of glioma. APP protein high expression is an independent risk factor affecting the adverse effect of postoperative radiotherapy in glioma patients.

Establishment of PCR Identification Method for Pig Blood Type / 实验动物与比较医学

ObjectiveXenotransplantation is an effective way to address the shortage of human organ donors, but it faces serious immune rejection reactions, including hyperacute rejection caused by blood type differences. Establishing a stable, convenient, and reliable method for pig blood type identification can quickly screen suitable donor pigs for xenograft research.MethodsBanna miniature inbred pigs, Diannan small eared pigs, and Bama Xiang pigs were selected as the research objects. DNA was extracted from the blood, oral buccal mucosa, and fetal fibroblasts of the three strains of pigs using DNA extraction kits. The target fragment of the ABO homologous gene EAA intron 7 in pigs was amplified using PCR method. Blood agglutination reaction was used to detect hemolysis in pig anterior vena cava whole blood after adding anti A and B antibodies. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression level of A antigen in pig heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney tissues. Immunofluorescence method was used to detect the expression level of A antigen in pig oral mucosa. By comparing the results of different methods for determining pig blood types, the stability and reliability of the PCR method were verified, and a convenient PCR based pigblood type identification method was established.Results Firstly, the blood PCR results of 69 inbred strains of Banna miniature pigs, 7 Diannan small eared pigs, and 34 Bama Xiang pigs showed 20 AO blood types, 66 AA blood types, and 24 O blood types. The PCR results of fetal fibroblasts from 47 Diannan small eared pigs showed that all 47 fetuses were O blood type. Among them, the oral mucosal PCR results of 8 gene edited cloned pigs were consistent with those of donor fetal fibroblasts, all of which were O blood type. The oral mucosal PCR results of 8 wild-type pigs (2 inbred lines of Banna miniature pigs, 4 Diannan small eared pigs, and 2 Bama Xiang pigs) were consistent with the blood PCR identification results. Then, 11 inbred lines of Banna miniature pigs, 4 Diannan small eared pigs, and 2 Bama Xiang pigs were randomly selected for blood agglutination reaction validation, and the results were consistent with the PCR identification results of both blood samples and oral mucosa samples. Moreover, immuno-histochemical analysis was performed on the heart, liver, lung, kidney, and spleen tissues of one Banna miniature pig inbred line and two Bama Xiang pigs, and the results were consistent with blood PCR identification and blood agglutination reaction results. Finally, oral mucosal samples were collected from 2 inbred strains of Banna miniature pigs and 1 Bama Xiang pig for immunofluorescence detection, and the results were consistent with the blood PCR identification results.ConclusionBy collecting fetal cells and oral mucosal samples from live pigs for PCR detection, the blood type of pigs can be accurately and efficiently identified, providing a convenient method for blood type screening of xenograft donor pigs.

Short-term efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To explore the short-term efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Methods    The clinical data of 11 male patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent pembrolizumab combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from December 2019 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The average age of the patients was 52.0-79.0 (62.0±6.9) years. The imaging data and pathological changes before and after neoadjuvant treatment were compared, and adverse reactions during neoadjuvant treatment were recorded. Objective remission rate (ORR) and main pathological remission rate (MPR) and pathological complete remission rate (pCR) were the main observation endpoints. Results    After preoperative neoadjuvant therapy with pembrolizumab combined with platinum or paclitaxel, all patients successfully underwent thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer. The ORR was 72.7%, and the MPR was 81.8%. Among them, 45.5% of patients achieved pCR. The main adverse reactions were hypoalbuminemia, decreased appetite and nausea. The mortality rate within 30 days after surgery was 0, and no tumor metastasis was observed. Conclusion    Pembrolizumab combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy is safe and feasible to treat non-small cell lung cancer, and the short-term efficacy is beneficial.

Progress in pathological diagnosis and clinical significance of diffuse pleural mesothelioma / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Diffuse pleural mesothelioma is a malignant mesothelioma, which is characterized by diffuse involvement of pleura or pericardium, strong invasion, high malignancy and poor prognosis. The onset of diffuse pleural mesothelioma is concealed. Most of them are in the late stage at the initial diagnosis. The treatment is difficult and the curative effect is poor. The 5-year survival rate is about 10%, and the median survival time is 7 to 9 months 1. Accurate pathological diagnosis and prognosis analysis are very important for patients to choose the most appropriate treatment. Therefore, it is urgent to make a fuller understanding of diffuse pleural mesothelioma on the basis of existing pathological research and clinical research evidence, so as to improve the level of standardized clinical diagnosis and treatment.

The feasibility and safety of day surgery for palmar hyperhidrosis based on the principles of enhanced recovery after surgery: A retrospective cohort study / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To investigate the safety and feasibility of day surgery for patients with palmar hyperhidrosis based on the principles of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). Methods     We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic thoracic sympathicotomy (ETS) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from March 2020 to December 2021. Patients were divided into a day surgery group and a conventional group according to their perioperative management methods. The patients in the day surgery group underwent an optimized perioperative procedure under the guidance of ERAS, and were ventilated with a laryngeal or face mask during the operation. The patients in the conventional group completed the preoperative examination, operation and postoperative observation according to the conventional procedures, and were intubated with a single-lumen endotracheal tube. The demographic characteristics, operation time, hospital stay, postoperative complications, and hospitalization cost were compared between the two groups. Results     Finally 172 patients were collected, including 90 males and 82 females, with an average age of 25.97±7.43 years. There were 86 patients in each group. All patients ceased suffering from palmar sweating after surgery. No patient experienced massive bleeding or conversion to thoracotomy. There was no statistical difference in operation time between the two groups (P=0.534). Patients in the day surgery group were discharged within 24 hours. The average hospital stay in the conventional group was 2.09±0.41 days. Incidence of postoperative respiratory complications, and the hospitalization cost of the day surgery group were significantly lower than those of the conventional group (P<0.001). The satisfaction rate in both groups was greater than 95%. Conclusion     Day surgery for patients with palmar hyperhidrosis based on the principles of ERAS is safe and feasible, which can reduce postoperative complications, shorten the length of hospital stay and save the cost of hospitalization.

Prevalence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Holstein cattle in Yunnan, China.

Giardia duodenalis is an important zoonotic protozoon, which can infect a variety of animals, causing diarrhea and even death of animals or humans. Dairy cattle have been implicated as important sources of human G. duodenalis. However, the information about the prevalence and genetic diversity of G. duodenalis in dairy cattle in China's Yunnan Province remains limited. This study investigated the occurrence and multilocus genotyping of G. duodenalis of Holstein cattle in Yunnan Province, China. A total of 524 fresh fecal samples of Holstein cattle were randomly collected from 8 farms in Yunnan. In this study, 27.5% (144/524) of tested samples were positive for G. duodenalis infection. The highest infection ratio was found in preweaned calves (33.7%), and the infection rates of postweaned calves, growing cattle, and adult cattle were 24.5%, 23.0%, and 17.3%, respectively. The sequence analysis of SSU rRNA gene showed that the predominant assemblage of G. duodenalis in this study was assemblage E (97.9%, 141/144), whereas assemblage A was identified only in three samples (2.1%, 3/144). All G. duodenalis-positive samples were further assayed with nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting ß-giardin (bg), triosephosphate isomerase (tpi), and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes, and 87, 41, and 81 sequences were obtained, respectively. Mixed infection of assemblages A and E of G. duodenalis was detected in three samples. Multilocus genotyping yielded 23 multilocus genotypes (MLGs). This is the first study that reveals the prevalence data of G. duodenalis in Holstein cattle in Yunnan Province, and the results of this study provided baseline data for the prevention and control of G. duodenalis infection in Holstein cattle in Yunnan Province, China.

Phthalate Exposure and Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress in Childhood Asthma: A Nested Case-Control Study with Propensity Score Matching.

Whether low-dose phthalate exposure triggers asthma among children, and its underlying mechanisms, remain debatable. Here, we evaluated the individual and mixed effects of low-dose phthalate exposure on children with asthma and five (oxidative/nitrosative stress/lipid peroxidation) mechanistic biomarkers-8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-nitroguanine (8-NO2Gua), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-mercapturic acid (HNE-MA), 8-isoprostaglandin F2α (8-isoPF2α), and malondialdehyde (MDA)-using a propensity score-matched case-control study (case vs. control = 41 vs. 111). The median monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) concentrations in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group (3.94 vs. 2.52 ng/mL, p = 0.02), indicating that dust could be an important source. After adjustment for confounders, the associations of high monomethyl phthalate (MMP) (75th percentile) with 8-NO2Gua (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.66, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-6.92) and 8-isoPF2α (aOR: 4.04, 95% CI: 1.51-10.8) and the associations of mono-iso-butyl phthalate (MiBP) with 8-isoPF2α (aOR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.13-7.79) were observed. Weighted quantile sum regression revealed that MBzP contributed more than half of the association (56.8%), followed by MiBP (26.6%) and mono-iso-nonyl phthalate (MiNP) (8.77%). Our findings supported the adjuvant effect of phthalates in enhancing the immune system response.

Study on mechanism of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim in treatment of myocardial ischemia based on network pharmacology and molecular docking / 中国药理学通报

Aim To reveal the aetion mechanism of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim (TTM) in the treatment of myoeardial ischemia ( MI) by using network pharma¬cology combined with molecular docking.Methods Compounds of TTM were detected and fished out from TCMID, TCM@TAIWAN , BATMAN-TCM database, and the literature data from PubMed , CNK1, and WAN- FANGD database.PharmMapper database was used to find the targets related to compounds, and DISGeNET, GeneCards, DrugBank and OMIM databases were used to find the targets related to Ml.The predictive targets of TTM in the treatment of Ml were obtained.Cytosca- ope 3.1.2 Software and String database were used to build compound-target network and PP1 network.Gene ontology ( GO ) functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes ( KEGG ) pathway enrichment analysis were performed by utili¬zing the CludterProfiler Software package of RStudio software.The molecular docking was used for verifying the results of network analysis.Results The 10 active compounds of TTM were screened , and 13 core targets of Ml were predicted, such as ALB, EGFR, MAPK1 , CASP3,ESR1 ,etc.A total of 28 Ml-related signaling pathways were fished out.The results of molecular docking showed that the core active ingredients had good binding activity with the key targets.Conclusion TTM may play a role in the treatment of Ml through regulating multiple ingredients, multiple pathways, and multiple targets.

The theory of emphasizing both muscles and bones in the treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation / 国际中医中药杂志

The theory of "equal stress on bones and muscles" emphasizes that "the tendons bind to the bones, the bones are stretched, the bones are connected, and the bones are fractured. The relationship between bone and soft tissues are important, which is the law of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the treatment of orthopedic diseases. For patients with lumbar disc herniation, the percutaneous intervertebral foraminal technology remodels the disordered internal biological balance of the spine under pathological conditions. Among them, two common clinical minimally invasive approaches under endoscopy are paid attention to soft tissue protection, and active and appropriate functional exercises after surgery, which have become a typical manifestation of the theory of "equal stress on bones and muscles" in modern spinal orthopedic surgery.

Thoracic surgery perspective of comprehensive treatment of esophageal cancer with esophagus preserved / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Surgery is a classic traditional method for the treatment of early-stage esophageal cancer, and it is also recognized as an effective first-choice method in the medical community. With the development of endoscopic technology, esophagus-preserving comprehensive treatment of esophageal cancer has almost the same or even better effects in some aspects in the treatment of early esophageal cancer than surgery. Many clinical guidelines have also recommended it as the first-choice treatment for early esophageal cancer. The room for surgical treatment of esophageal cancer has been further compressed. This article discusses the comprehensive treatment model of esophageal cancer from the perspective of thoracic surgery, aiming to find a new position of thoracic surgery in the treatment of esophageal cancer.

Perioperative nebulization of ipratropium bromide in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease under thoracic surgery: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multi-centre trial / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To evaluate the effect of perioperative nebulization of ipratropium bromide on preoperative pulmonary function and incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications as well as safety in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients who underwent lung resection in thoracic surgery. Methods    During November 18, 2013 to August 12, 2015, 192 COPD patients with a necessity of selective surgical procedures of lobectomy or right bilobectomy or segmentectomy under general anaesthesia in 10 centers were 1 : 1 randomized to an ipratropium bromide group (96 patients) and a placebo group (96 patients), to compare the effect on preoperative pulmonary function and incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications. The average age of treated patients was 62.90±6.50 years, with 168 male patients and 22 female patients. Results     The demographic and baseline characteristics were well-balanced between the two groups. The adjusted mean increase of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in the ipratropium bromide group was significantly higher than that in the placebo group (169.90±29.07 mL vs. 15.00±29.35 mL, P<0.05). The perioperative use of ipratropium bromide significantly decreased incidence of postoperative pneumonia (2.6% vs. 14.1%, P<0.05). There was no ipratropium bromide related adverse event (AE) observed in this trial. Conclusion    This trial indicates that perioperative nebulization of ipratropium bromide significantly improves preoperative lung function and reduces postoperative pneumonia in COPD patients undergoing lung resection in thoracic surgery, and has good safety profile.

Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of Suhuang Zhike Capsules in treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Suhuang Zhike Capsules in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Chinese and English databases were searched(from the establishment to July 2021) for randomized controlled trials(RCTs) on the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with Suhuang Zhike Capsules, yielding 130 articles and finally 12 eligible RCTs. The 12 RCTs enrolled a total of 1 159 patients(579 in experimental group, 580 in control group), with 728 males(62.8%) and 431 females(37.2%). Meta-analysis showed that the conventional western medicine combined with Suhuang Zhike Capsules increased clinical efficacy(OR=4.31, 95%CI[2.88, 6.46], Z=7.08, P<0.000 01), forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1)(SMD=0.88, 95%CI[0.60, 1.16], Z=6.24, P<0.000 01), forced vital capacity(FVC)(SMD=0.96, 95%CI[0.38, 1.55], Z=3.22, P=0.001), forced vital capacity rate of one second(FEV1/FVC%)(SMD=0.85, 95%CI[0.51, 1.19], Z=4.92, P<0.000 01), and maximum voluntary ventilation(MVV)(SMD=0.61, 95%CI[0.39, 0.83], Z=5.40, P<0.000 01) compared with the conventional western medicine alone. The differences in residual volume/total lung capacity(RV/TLC)(SMD=-0.93, 95%CI[-3.38, 1.53], Z=0.74, P=0.46) and adverse reactions(OR=1.39, 95%CI[0.76, 2.56], Z=1.07, P=0.28) are insignificant. The study showed that the conventional western medicine combined with Suhuang Zhike Capsules could improve clinical efficacy and lung functions in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In addition, the combination had been verified to be safe. However, in view of the uneven method quality, small sample size, and inconsistent outcome indicators of the included studies, higher-quality, multi-center, and large-sample RCTs are needed for further verification.

Two New Species in the Family Cunninghamellaceae from China

The species within the family Cunninghamellaceae are widely distributed and produce important metabolites. Morphological studies along with a molecular phylogeny based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) of ribosomal DNA revealed two new species in this family from soils in China, that is, Absidia ovalispora sp. nov. andCunninghamella globospora sp. nov. The former is phylogenetically closely related to Absidia koreana, but morphologically differs in sporangiospores, sporangia, sporangiophores, columellae, collars, and rhizoids. The latter is phylogenetically closely related to Cunninghamella intermedia, but morphologically differs in sporangiola and colonies. They were described and illustrated.

Two New Species in the Family Cunninghamellaceae from China

The species within the family Cunninghamellaceae are widely distributed and produce important metabolites. Morphological studies along with a molecular phylogeny based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) of ribosomal DNA revealed two new species in this family from soils in China, that is, Absidia ovalispora sp. nov. andCunninghamella globospora sp. nov. The former is phylogenetically closely related to Absidia koreana, but morphologically differs in sporangiospores, sporangia, sporangiophores, columellae, collars, and rhizoids. The latter is phylogenetically closely related to Cunninghamella intermedia, but morphologically differs in sporangiola and colonies. They were described and illustrated.

Treatment of Stage Ia Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in Patients: Comparison of Ablation and Sub-lobectomy / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Lung cancer has the highest mortality in China. Different treatments are of great significance to the prognosis of patients. By comparing stage Ia non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients' survival rates for ablation and for sub-lobectomy, we studied the difference in the effects of the two treatments on patient prognosis.@*METHODS@#Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we screened eligible patients with stage Ia NSCLC from January 2004 to December 2015. Then, 228 patients treated with ablation and 228 patients treated with sub-lobotomy were then selected based on propensity score matching. After stratification, matching, and adjustment the Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to compare the overall survival rates of patients treated with the two procedures.@*RESULTS@#The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the ablation group and the sub-lobectomy group (P<0.05). In the univarlable analysis, the hazard ratio (HR) of sub-lobotomy group was 0.571 (95%CI: 0.455-0.717) compared with the ablation group. Patients treated with sub-lobectomy had a 0.571 times greater risk of adverse outcomes than those treated with ablation. In the multivariable analysis, the HR for sub-lobectomy group was 0.605 (95%CI: 0.477-0.766) compared with the ablation group. Patients treated with sub-lobectomy had a 0.605 time greater risk of adverse outcomes than those treated with ablation. The results suggested that the overall survival rate of patients with stage Ia NSCLC treated with sub-lobotomy was higher than that of patients treated with ablation.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This study suggests that there is a significant difference in overall survival of stage Ia NSCLC patients treated with ablation and with sub-lobotomy. Patients treated with sub-lobotomy for stage Ia NSCLC had higher overall survival than those treated with ablation.