DIFERENCIAS ESPACIO-TEMPORALES DE LA LOCOMOCIÓN EN ADULTOS VARONES CON NORMOPESO Y SOBREPESO / DIFERENÇAS ESPAÇO-TEMPORAIS NA LOCOMOÇÃO DE ADULTOS DO SEXO MASCULINO COM PESO NORMAL E SOBREPESO / SPATIO-TEMPORAL DIFFERENCES OF LOCOMOTION OF ADULT MALES WITH NORMAL WEIGHT AND OVERWEIGHT

RESUMEN Introducción: La obesidad ha estado relacionada con la presencia de adaptaciones estructurales y funcionales que provocan limitaciones en el control del movimiento. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto del exceso de peso sobre las variables espacio-temporales de la locomoción en varones jóvenes y activos. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal de muestreo no probabilístico con 55 sujetos con normopeso (IMC ≤25) y 22 sujetos con sobrepeso (IMC >25). Se analizó el IMC, % de masa grasa, y el % de masa magra de ambos grupos con un bioimpedanciómetro multifrecuencia (Inbody 230). También se analizaron las variables cinemáticas de la locomoción utilizando una plataforma de presiones GaitRite. Resultados: El grupo con sobrepeso mostró una disminución significativa de la fase de oscilación y fase de apoyo monopodal (p <0,001) junto con un aumento de la fase de apoyo y fase de apoyo bipodal (p <0,001) comparado con el grupo normopeso. Conclusión: La reducción de la fase de oscilación y el incremento de la fase de apoyo y fase de apoyo bipodal que manifestaron el grupo con sobrepeso puede ser consecuencia del aumento de la inestabilidad que se produce durante la marcha debido al sobrepeso.

RESUMO Introdução: A obesidade tem sido relacionada com a presença de adaptações estruturais e funcionais que podem limitar o controle dos movimentos. Objetivo: Determinar o efeito do excesso de peso sobre as variáveis espaço-temporais da locomoção em homens jovens e ativos. Métodos: Estudo transversal de amostragem não probabilística, com 55 indivíduos com peso normal (IMC ≤25) e 22 indivíduos com sobrepeso (IMC >25). Analisaram-se IMC e porcentagem de massa gorda e massa magra em ambos os grupos, com um bioimpedanciômetro multifrequência (Inbody 230). Foram analisadas também as variáveis cinemáticas de locomoção, usando-se um sistema de plataforma de pressão (GaitRite). Resultados: O grupo sobrepeso apresentou diminuição significativa na fase de balanço e fase de apoio monopodal (p <0,001), com aumento da fase de apoio e da fase de apoio bipodal (p <0,001) com relação ao grupo peso normal. Conclusão: A redução da fase de balanço e o aumento da fase de apoio e da fase de apoio bipodal manifestado pelo grupo sobrepeso pode ser resultado do aumento da instabilidade que ocorre durante a marcha, devido ao sobrepeso.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Obesity has been associated with the presence of structural and functional adaptations that may limit movement control. Objective: To determine the effect of overweight on spatio-temporal variables of locomotion in young and active men. Methods: A cross-sectional study of non-probability sampling, with 55 subjects with normal weight (BMI ≤25) and 22 overweight subjects (BMI >25). Body mass index and percentage of fat mass and lean mass were analyzed in both groups, with a multi-frequency bioimpedanciometer (Inbody 230). The kinematic variables of locomotion were also analyzed with a pressure platform system (GaitRite). Results: The overweight group showed a significant decrease in the swing phase and monopodal stance phase (p <0.001) with an increase in the stance phase and double stance phase (p<0.001) in relation to the normal weight group. Conclusion: The reduction of the swing phase and the increase of the stance phase and double stance phase presented by the overweight group may be a result of increased instability that occurs during gait due to overweight.

Effect of a 24-week physical training programme (in water and on land) on pain, functional capacity, body composition and quality of life in women with fibromyalgia.

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the effect of a 24-week physical training programme in water and on land on women with fibromyalgia. METHODS: A controlled study was conducted from December 2009 to May 2010. Seventy-two women with fibromyalgia (age: 51.79±7.87 years) were assigned to an exercise group (3 sessions/week, 2 sessions in water, 1 session on land) (n=42) and to a control group (n=30). The variables analysed were: number of tender points, visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain, algometer score, functional capacity (leg strength, hand-grip dynamometry, flexibility, agility, balance, aerobic endurance, heart response), body composition (body mass index, fat mass index, skeletal muscle mass index and percentage of body fat) and psychological variables (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire [FIQ] and Short Form Health Survey 36 [SF-36]). RESULTS: The exercise group improved in the algometer score (p<0.001), positive tender points (p=0.005), VAS (p<0.001) and FIQ (p<0.001). Improvements were also detected in functional capacity (leg strength, p=0.001; hand-grip dynamometry, p=0.001; flexibility, p<0.001; balance, p=0.006; 6-minute walk test, p<0.001; mean heart rate, p=0.031; maximum heart rate, p<0.001 and VO2 max, p<0.001). There was a decrease in the percentage of body fat (p=0.040). There was also an improvement in the subscales of the SF-36; vitality (p=0.004), mental health (p=0.001) social role functioning (p=0.020) and general health functioning (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study show that a 24-week physical training programme (3 sessions/week, of which 2 sessions are in water and 1 session is on land) reduces pain and disease impact and improves functional capacity in women with fibromyalgia.

Estudio comparativo de la capacidad de realizar sprints repetidos entre jugadores de balonmano y baloncesto amateurs y profesionales / No disponible

Introducción y objetivos: Los deportes de equipo requierenjugadores que puedan realizar un número elevadode sprints cortos, intercalados con períodos de recuperacióno de intensidad, y a este tipo de esfuerzos se le hadenominado capacidad de realizar sprints repetidos (RSA).Aunque la importancia de estos esfuerzos está constatadaen deportes de equipo, la diferencia entre deportistas dedistintas disciplinas debe ser estudiada debido a la variabilidadde esfuerzos en los numerosos deportes colectivos. Lapresente investigación va encaminada a determinar las diferenciasy analogías en test RSA entre deportistas amateursy profesionales de deportes colectivos distintos como sonel baloncesto y balonmano.Método: Se evaluaron 4 equipos, 2 de baloncesto y 2 debalonmano (divididos en amateurs y profesionales). El testRSA realizado fue 8 × 30 m con 25 s de recuperación, enpista con células fotoeléctricas.Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos no muestran diferenciassignificativas en las variables cinéticas entre los diferentesgrupos. Sí se encontraron diferencias entre baloncestoprofesional y balonmano profesional (p < 0,05) en lasvariables mejor sprint y aceleración 0-10 m. Se observó undescenso en la potencia (entre el 20,51 y el 23,37%) entreel sprint 1 y 8 en los 4 grupos, pero no hubo diferenciasentre ellos.Conclusiones: El tipo de esfuerzos realizados por deportistasde deportes de cooperación y oposición de disciplinassemejantes (como baloncesto y balonmano) es similaren el test RSA, debido a que los esfuerzos realizados encompetición se asemejan mucho entre deportes y con losesfuerzos realizados en el protocolo utilizado(AU)

Introduction and aims: Team sports require players thatcan carry out a high number of short sprints, interspersedwith periods of recovery or periods of low to moderateintensity. This type of exercise, is called Repeated SprintAbility (RSA). Although the importance of these exercises isconstant in team sports, the difference in the test of RSAamong athletes of different sports or disciplines should bestudied due the variety of physical efforts required in differentteam sports. In line with this thinking, present investigation’saim is to determine the differences and analogiesof RSA tests between amateur and professional athletes ofdifferent team sports such as basketball and handball.Method: Four teams were evaluated, 2 basketball and 2handball that were divided into amateurs and professionals.The RSA test was carried out by running 8 times 30 m with25 s of recovery, on tracks with photoelectric cells.Results: The results obtained do not show significant differencesin the kinetic variables among the different groups.Differences between professional basketball and professionalhandball were found of (p < 0,05) in the best sprint andacceleration 0-10 m. A decline in power was observed (between20,51% and 23,37%) between the 1st and 8th sprintin the 4 groups, but there was not difference among them.Conclusion: The type of efforts carried out by athletes incooperation sports and similar disciplines (such as basketballand handball) are similar in the RSA test, due to theefforts carried out in competition resemble a lot betweendifferent sports and in the exercise carried out in the protocolutilized. Thus it is appropriate to emphasize that nodifferences between amateur and professional levels werefound(AU)

Spatial-temporal parameters of gait in women with fibromyalgia.

The aim of the present study was to determine if there are differences in such parameters among patients affected by fibromyalgia (FM) and healthy subjects and whether the degree of affectation by FM can decrease the gait parameters. We studied 55 women with FM and 44 controls. Gait analysis was performed using an instrumented walkway for measurement of the kinematic parameters of gait (GAITRite system), and patients completed a Spanish version of Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). Significant differences (p < 0.001) between FM and control groups were found in velocity, stride length, cadence, single support ratio, double support ratio, stance phase ratio, and swing phase ratio. There were significant inverse correlations between FIQ and velocity, stride length, swing phase, and single support, whereas significant direct correlations were found with stance phase and double support. Gait parameters of women affected by FM were severely impaired when compared to those of healthy women. Different factors such as lack of physical activity, bradikinesia, overweight, fatigue, and pain together with a lower isometric force in the legs can be responsible for the alterations in gait and poorer life quality of women with FM.