RESUMO
The frequencies of exchange-type aberrations found in peripheral lymphocytes of alcoholics were analysed in relation to age, sex, duration of alcohol dependency, treatment with antabuse and smoking habit. The statistical analyses were performed by the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis 1-way analysis of variance, both at a level of significance of P = 0.05. There was no dependency on age or sex. The chromatid exchange frequencies and the total of all exchanges were positively correlated with the duration of the dependency on alcohol and with smoking habit. Treatment with antabuse did not lead to an additional elevation of the frequency of exchange-type aberrations.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/genética , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Troca Genética , Frequência do Gene , Troca de Cromátide Irmã , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Alcoolismo/tratamento farmacológico , Células Cultivadas , Dissulfiram/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Linfócitos/ultraestrutura , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Sexuais , Fumar , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Human lymphocyte cultures from 55 schizophrenic subjects and one manic-depressive subject being treated with the phenothiazine derivative perazine and with other drugs were analyzed with respect to chromosomal damage. The frequency of exchange-type aberrations in these subjects was more than double that in clinically normal control subjects. No correlation was detectable between the aberration frequency and sex, age, smoking and drinking habits, and treatment conditions. It is possible that the elevation of the chromosomal aberration frequency is due to perazine. In vitro studies with perazine and two main metabolites (desmethylperazine and perazine sulfoxide) with human lymphocytes and CHO cells with and without metabolic activation by liver microsomes gave negative results with respect to the induction of sister chromatid exchanges. Possible differences in the metabolism of perazine in vivo and in vitro are discussed.
Assuntos
Antipsicóticos/toxicidade , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Mutagênicos , Perazina/toxicidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Células Cultivadas , Cricetinae , Feminino , Meia-Vida , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ovário , Perazina/análogos & derivados , Perazina/metabolismo , Fenotiazinas/metabolismo , Fenotiazinas/toxicidade , Esquizofrenia/sangue , Troca de Cromátide Irmã/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Lymphocyte chromosomes from 20 heavy smokers were analyzed from 48-h whole blood cultures for the frequency of dicentric chromosomes, ring chromosomes, and chromatid translocations. Compared to controls, these exchange type aberrations occurred more frequently in the smokers.
Assuntos
Aberrações Cromossômicas , Fumar/complicações , Adulto , Idoso , Cromátides , Feminino , Humanos , Linfócitos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Tempo , Translocação GenéticaAssuntos
Anormalidades Induzidas por Medicamentos/etiologia , Anticonvulsivantes/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Troca Materno-Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Polegar/anormalidades , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Alcohol has no damaging effects on human chromosomes in vitro. The chromosomes of alcoholics, however, show a significant elevation of aberrations. Alcohol inhibits cellular and cell free RNA synthesis. One possible reason for the mutagenic activity of alcohol in vivo may be an inhibition of cellular repair.
Assuntos
Aberrações Cromossômicas , Etanol/farmacologia , Adulto , Envelhecimento , Bebidas Alcoólicas , Alcoolismo/genética , Células Cultivadas , RNA Polimerases Dirigidas por DNA/antagonistas & inibidores , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/genética , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
We analyzed the leukocyte chromosomes of 10 epileptic probands on monotherapy with carbamazepine (CP), of 14 epileptic probands on monotherapy with diphenylhydantoin (DPH) and of 20 clinically normal probands (controls, CO). In the CP and in the DPH group we found a significant elevation of exchange-type aberrations as compared to the CO group. In the CP group we found predominantly chromatid translocations, in the DPH group exclusively dicentric chromosomes.
Assuntos
Carbamazepina/efeitos adversos , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Cromossomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenitoína/efeitos adversos , Translocação GenéticaRESUMO
First in vitro mitoses were analysed from the peripheral leukocytes of 22 chronic alcohol users and of 18 controls. The frequency of exchange aberrations of the chromatid and chromosome type were significantly higher in the alcohol as compared with the control group. The results indicate an indirect or direct mutagenic activity of alcohol in vivo.
