Electromyographic characteristics of chewing muscles of individuals with pathological abrasion of hard dental tissues.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Pathological abrasion of hard dental tissues is accompanied by both morphological and functional disorders of the dentofacial system. Among the functional changes, changes in the bioelectrical activity of the masticatory muscles are primarily considered. The aim was to study the functional state of the masticatory muscles in patients with pathological abrasion of hard dental tissues of varying degrees of severity compared with the norm. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Electromyographic studies were conducted in 89 patients aged 18 to 59. 70 patients had pathological abrasion of hard dental tissues of various degrees and 17 patients had intact dentitions and physiological forms of occlusion. RESULTS: Results: The results of electromyographic studies showed an extension of the chewing period, a reduced chewing rhythm, a deterioration of chewing efficacy in case of the pathological abrasion of teeth, compared with the norm, which increased in dynamics. The correlation between excitatory and inhibitory processes, however, sharply deteriorated with an increase in the duration of activity due to the reduction of the relative bioelectric rest period. The magnitude of the biopotential amplitude decreased relative to the norm with a serious violation of the coordination of masticatory muscles in general. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The results of electromyographic studies of the masticatory muscles make it possible to determine the degree of functional changes in the neuromuscular system of the dentofacial system of patients with pathological abrasion of hard tissues of varying severity, compared with the norm. This indicates a decrease in chewing efficacy and the progression of morphological disorders that increase in dynamics.

Current legal issues of conducting a forensic medical examination of newborns' corpses.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Forensic medical examination is a mandatory investigative action in determining the causes of death of newborns. It is especially significant and occupies a key place in proving the corpus deliciti. The aim is to study the current legal issues of a forensic medical examination of newborns' corpses. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study of legal and literary sources was carried out. The library-semantic and the content analysis methods were applied. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Forensic medical examination should also include questions regarding the mother of the newborn: whether she was healthy at the time of delivery; if the medical staff caused any harm to her or her child; if she had the necessary help before and during the childbirth, etc. Examination should be appointed if one of the parents has the desire, which must be expressed in writing in the form of a motion.

Analysis of indicators of the orthopedic careprovision to the adult population of Ukraine during 2012-2017.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Despite the development of dental science and the introduction of modern methods of treatment of dental diseases into practice that allow solving the most difficult clinical situations, the level of dental morbidity remains high. The decrease in the level of dental health negatively affects the state of general somatic health, causing social maladaptation, which in general is negatively reflected at the level of country's socio-economic development. The aim of our research is a comparative analysis of the provision of orthopedic care to the adult population of Ukraine on the basis of officially published statistical data of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: For the analysis, the officially published statistical data of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and the Centre for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine have been selected. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: A comparative analysis of the provision of orthopaedic dental care to the adult population of Ukraine has shown a change in the quantitative indicators of manufactured orthopaedic constructions both by years and by regions. Coordination of dental care and the introduction of an effective system of monitoring the state of dental health in all parts of the medical and diagnostic process and the necessary forms of statistical reporting will contribute to the creation of an effective system for assessing the quality of dental care.

Rehabilitation of patients with bounded edentulous spaces by non-removable denture structures supported by dental implants in conditions of insufficient bone mineral density

Introduction: The state of dental implantation is characterized by high efficiency and a significant spectrum of possibilities when replacing dentition defects. At the same time, prevention of complications of dental implantation associated with the loss of bone tissue around dental implants is of great importance are gaining. It leads to a reduction of both the durability and the period of use of orthopaedic structures supported by dental implants. The aim of the study was to increase the effectiveness of orthopaedic treatment of patients with bounded edentulous spaces with the help of non-removable denture structures supported by dental implants. Material and methods: 49 patients aged 30 to 44 years with bounded edentulous space in the upper jaw were examined using clinical (examination, palpation, percussion) and special (computed tomography, resonance-frequency analysis of implant stability) diagnostic methods. Patients were placed 68 dental implants. After 6 months of the osseointegration period, all patients were divided into two groups according to the choice of loading protocol by permanent orthopaedic structures. Results: Six months after the implants were placed, bone loss was observed in patients from both study groups at the level of 0.823 ± 0.029 mm and 0.612 ± 0.022 mm. The greatest changes regarding the stability of dental implants were noted in patients of both groups in a year. Thus, in group I, where patients had metal ceramic crowns, 6 months after implantation a statistically significant loss of bone tissue (1.297 ± 0.049 mm) was noted. The maximum value reached 1.8 mm. And in group II, where orthopaedic treatment was performed by gradually increasing the occlusal load on the dental implant, a statistically significant (p <0.05) increase in the investigated index (0.651 ± 0.038) was not observed. Conclusions: The gradual load on the dental implant, in conditions of insufficient bone mineral density, helps to maintain a constant amount of bone around it and prolong the life of the orthopedic structure in general.