Enhancement of Circulating and Intestinal T Regulatory Cells and Their Expression of Helios and Neuropilin-1 in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The proportions of intestinal and peripheral regulatory T cells (Tregs) in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were poorly investigated, as well as different subsets of these cells. Helios and Neuropilin-1 were proposed as markers differentiating between thymic and peripheral Tregs. Therefore, the aim of current work was to investigate the proportions of Tregs and expression of Helios and Neuropilin-1 in Tregs in peripheral blood and intestinal mucosa of children with inflammatory bowel disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients newly diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease: ulcerative colitis (n=7) and Crohn's disease (n=8) were included in the study. Nine children who presented with no abnormalities in colonoscopy served as a control group. Quantification of regulatory T cells of the CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ phenotype, as well as Helios+ and Neuropilin-1+ in peripheral blood and bowel mucosa was based on multicolor flow cytometry. RESULTS: The rates of circulating and intestinal Tregs were significantly higher in the studied group than in the control group. The rate of intestinal T regulatory lymphocytes was significantly higher than circulating Tregs in patients with IBD, but not in the control group. The median proportion of circulating FOXP3+Helios+ cells amounted to 24.83% in IBD patients and 15.93% in the controls. The median proportion of circulating FOXP3+Nrp-1+ cells was 34.23% in IBD and 21.01% in the control group. No statistically significant differences were noted for the circulating FOXP3+Helios+ cells and FOXP3+Nrp-1+ cells between the studied and the control group. CONCLUSION: The rates of circulating and intestinal T regulatory cells are increased in naïve pediatric patients with IBD. The rate of Tregs is higher in intestinal mucosa than in peripheral blood in patients with IBD. Flow cytometry is a valuable method assessing the composition of infiltrates in inflamed tissue. Helios and Neuropilin-1 likely cannot serve as markers to differentiate between natural and adaptive Tregs.

Limb body wall complex - the history of the entity and presentation of our series of cases.

We present an analysis of two first historically documented limb body wall complex (LBWC) cases and our own contemporary perinatal autopsy series of this rare complex. So far it was supposed that the first case of this complex was reported in 1685 by Paul Portal. Studying the Joachim Oelhaf's autopsy report from 1613 with attached engraving showing the neonate with multiple birth defects led our research team to a conclusion that it was genuinely the first description of LBWC in the medical literature so far. We compared the Oelhaf's case from 1613 and the Portal's autopsy report from 1685 with our series of LBWC cases dissected in the Medical University of Gdansk between 1999 and 2011. Reviewing 1100 autopsy reports performed we encountered 9 cases of this unique complex. The analysis was supported by the literature review.

Endometrial glial polyp and peritoneal gliomatosis: Neuropathological lesions in gynecological biopsy.

The wide scope of neuropathology is also connected to different systemic pathology findings. Neuroectodermal-type female genital tract lesions are not frequent. This article presents a short review of such entities in gynecological pathology and reports on two rare cases. The first described lesion is an endometrial glial polyp in a young woman. The second is a mature cystic teratoma accompanied by a peritoneal gliomatosis in an adolescent girl. Both presented entities posed diagnostic difficulties from the clinical and pathological perspective. They demanded careful sampling, immunophenotyping, as well as neuropathological consultation.