Risk Factors for Mortality in 272 Patients With Lung Transplant: A Multicenter Analysis of 7 Intensive Care Units / Factores de riesgo de mortalidad en 272 pacientes sometidos a trasplante pulmonar: análisis multicéntrico de 7 unidades de cuidados intensivos

Background: One-year survival in lung transplant is around 85%, but this figure has not increased in recent years, in spite of technical improvements. Methods: Retrospective, multicenter cohort study. Data from 272 eligible adults with lung transplant were recorded at 7 intensive care units (ICU) in Spain in 2013. The objective was to identify variables that might help to guide future clinical interventions in order to reduce the risk of death in the postoperative period. Results: One patient (0.3%) died in the operating room and 27 (10%) within 90 days. Twenty (7.4%) died within 28 days, after a median of 14 ICU days. Grade 3 pulmonary graft dysfunction was documente in 108 patients, of whom 21 died, compared with 6 out of 163 without pulmonary graft dysfunction (P < .001). At ICU admission, non-survivors had significantly lower (P = .03) median PaO2/FiO2 (200 mmHg vs 280 mmHg), and the difference increased after 24 hours (178 vs 297 mmHg, P < .001). Thirteen required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and 7(53.8%) died. A logistic regression model identified pulmonary graft dysfunction (OR: 6.77), donor age > 60yr (OR: 2.91) and SOFA > 8 (OR: 2.53) as independent predictors of 90-day mortality. At ICU admission, higher median procalcitonin (1.6 vs 0.6) and lower median PaO2/FiO2 (200 vs 280 mmHg) were significantly associated with mortality. Conclusion: Graft dysfunction remains a significant problem in lung transplant. Early ICU interventions in patients with severe hypoxemia or high procalcitonin are crucial in order to lower mortality (AU)

Introducción: La supervivencia anual del trasplante de pulmón está alrededor del 85% y este porcentaje no se ha incrementado recientemente, a pesar de mejoras técnicas. Métodos: Estudio de cohortes, multicéntrico, retrospectivo. Se recogieron datos de 272 adultos con trasplante de pulmón en 7 unidades de cuidados intensivos españolas en 2013. El objetivo fue identificar variables que pudieran ser de utilidad para guiar futuras intervenciones clínicas para disminuir el riesgo de fallecer en el postoperatorio. Resultados: Un paciente (0,3%) falleció en quirófano y 27 (10%) a los 90 días. Veinte (7,4%) fallecieron en 28 días, después de una mediana de 14 días en unidad de cuidados intensivos. La disfunción primaria grado 3 se documentó en 108 pacientes, de los cuales 21 fallecieron, comparado con 6 de 163 sin disfunción primaria grado 3 (p < 0,001). Al ingreso en unidad de cuidados intensivos, los no supervivientes mostraban una significativa menor mediana (p = 0,03) de PaO2/FiO2 (200 vs. 280 mmHg); esta diferencia se incrementó a las 24 h (178 vs. 297 mmHg, p < 0,001). Trece requirieron oxigenación con membrana extracorpórea (53,8%) y 7 fallecieron. Un modelo de regresión logística múltiple identificó la disfunción primaria grado 3 (OR: 6,77), edad donante > 60 años (OR: 2,91) y SOFA > 8 (OR: 2,53) como predictores independientes (p < 0,05) de mortalidad a los 90 días. En el ingreso en unidad de cuidados intensivos, una mediana de procalcitonina plasmática superior (1,6 vs. 0.6 ng/mL) e inferior de PaO2/FiO2 (200 vs. 280 mmHg) se asociaron independientemente (p < 0,05) con la mortalidad. Conclusión: La disfunción primaria del injerto continúa siendo un problema significativo en el trasplante pulmonar. Las intervenciones precoces dirigidas a mejorar la hipoxemia o la identificación de elevación de procalcitonina representan oportunidades para disminuir la mortalidad (AU)

Risk Factors for Mortality in 272 Patients With Lung Transplant: A Multicenter Analysis of 7 Intensive Care Units.

BACKGROUND: One-year survival in lung transplant is around 85%, but this figure has not increased in recent years, in spite of technical improvements. METHODS: Retrospective, multicenter cohort study. Data from 272 eligible adults with lung transplant were recorded at 7 intensive care units (ICU) in Spain in 2013. The objective was to identify variables that might help to guide future clinical interventions in order to reducethe risk of death in the postoperative period. RESULTS: One patient (0.3%) died in the operating room and 27 (10%) within 90 days. Twenty (7.4%) died within 28 days, after a median of 14 ICU days. Grade 3 pulmonary graft dysfunction was documented in 108 patients, of whom 21 died, compared with 6 out of 163 without pulmonary graft dysfunction (P<.001). At ICU admission, non-survivors had significantly lower (P=.03) median PaO2/FiO2 (200mmHg vs 280mmHg), and the difference increased after 24hours (178 vs 297mmHg, P<.001). Thirteen required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and 7(53.8%) died. A logistic regression model identified pulmonary graft dysfunction (OR: 6.77), donor age>60yr (OR: 2.91) and SOFA>8 (OR: 2.53) as independent predictors of 90-day mortality. At ICU admission, higher median procalcitonin (1.6 vs 0.6) and lower median PaO2/FiO2 (200 vs 280mmHg) were significantly associated with mortality. CONCLUSION: Graft dysfunction remains a significant problem in lung transplant. Early ICU interventions in patients with severe hypoxemia or high procalcitonin are crucial in order to lower mortality.