RESUMO
La incidencia del cáncer ha aumentado en los últimos años, especialmente en mayores de 65 años, suponiendo un problema sanitario de primer orden. Muchos tumores presentan mal pronóstico debido a que se diagnostican en etapas muy avanzadas, por ello muestra especial importancia incorporar en la práctica clínica la biopsia líquida como método para la detección tumoral en etapas muy tempranas. Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática con el objetivo principal de analizar la bibliografía disponible sobre la utilización de la biopsia líquida en el diagnóstico precoz del cáncer, y como objetivo secundario, conocer los tipos tumorales que pueden ser diagnosticados precozmente mediante la biopsia líquida y los biomarcadores disponibles. Los resultados indican una falta de concordancia en los biomarcadores detectados y tecnologías aplicadas, lo que destaca la necesidad de realizar estudios multicéntricos en grandes cohortes y establecer protocolos de actuación, para aumentar la validez analítica y poder disponer de un screening para cada tipo de tumor, lo cual sería un adelanto muy importante, pues podría mejorar en gran medida el manejo de los pacientes con cáncer
The incidence of cancer has increased in recent years, especially in those over 65 years of age, posing a major health problem. Many tumours have a poor prognosis because they are diagnosed at very advanced stages. It is therefore especially important to incorporate liquid biopsy into clinical practice as a method for detecting tumours at very early stages. A systematic review was conducted, with the main objective of analysing the available literature on the use of liquid biopsy in the early diagnosis of cancer, and as a secondary objective, to determine the types of tumours that can be diagnosed early by liquid biopsy and the available biomarkers. The results indicate a lack of agreement with the biomarkers detected and the technologies applied. This highlights the need for multicentre studies to look at large cohorts and to establish protocols of action, as well as to increase analytical validity and the possibility of using a screening test for each type of tumour. This could be a very important step forward, as it could improve the management of cancer patients to a great extent
Assuntos
Humanos , Idoso , Biópsia Líquida , Exossomos/patologia , Neoplasias/patologia , Detecção Precoce de CâncerRESUMO
The incidence of cancer has increased in recent years, especially in those over 65 years of age, posing a major health problem. Many tumours have a poor prognosis because they are diagnosed at very advanced stages. It is therefore especially important to incorporate liquid biopsy into clinical practice as a method for detecting tumours at very early stages. A systematic review was conducted, with the main objective of analysing the available literature on the use of liquid biopsy in the early diagnosis of cancer, and as a secondary objective, to determine the types of tumours that can be diagnosed early by liquid biopsy and the available biomarkers. The results indicate a lack of agreement with the biomarkers detected and the technologies applied. This highlights the need for multicentre studies to look at large cohorts and to establish protocols of action, as well as to increase analytical validity and the possibility of using a screening test for each type of tumour. This could be a very important step forward, as it could improve the management of cancer patients to a great extent.