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Using words to refer to objects in the environment is a core feature of the human language faculty. Referential understanding assumes the formation of mental representations of these words.1,2 Such understanding of object words has not yet been demonstrated as a general capacity in any non-human species,3 despite multiple behavior-based case reports.4,5,6,7,8,9,10 In human event-related potential (ERP) studies, object word knowledge is typically tested using the semantic violation paradigm, where words are presented either with their referent (match) or another object (mismatch).11,12 Such mismatch elicits an N400 effect, a well-established neural correlate of semantic processing.12,13 Reports of preverbal infant N400 evoked by semantic violations14 assert the use of this paradigm to probe mental representations of object words in nonverbal populations. Here, measuring dogs' (Canis familiaris) ERPs to objects primed with matching or mismatching object words, we found a mismatch effect at a frontal electrode, with a latency (206-606 ms) comparable to the human N400. A greater difference for words that dogs knew better, according to owner reports, further supported a semantic interpretation of this effect. Semantic expectations emerged irrespective of vocabulary size, demonstrating the prevalence of referential understanding in dogs. These results provide the first neural evidence for object word knowledge in a non-human animal. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Assuntos
Potenciais Evocados , Semântica , Animais , Cães/fisiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Potenciais Evocados/fisiologia , Compreensão/fisiologia , Eletroencefalografia , HumanosRESUMO
We have investigated dogs' (Canis familiaris) abilities in associating different sounds with appetitive stimuli of different incentive values. The association's establishment was first tested on family dogs (n = 20) in a problem-solving behavioural paradigm (experiment 1), then in a problem-solving behavioural paradigm as well as an fMRI study on specially trained family dogs (n = 20) (experiment 2). The aim was to show behavioural and parallel neural effects of the association formed between the two sounds and two different associated appetitive stimuli. The latency of solving the problem was considered an indicator of the motivational state. In our first experiment, where only behaviour was studied, we found that dogs were quicker in solving a problem upon hearing the sound associated with food higher in reward value, suggesting that they have successfully associated the sounds with the corresponding food value. In our second experiment, this behaviour difference was not significant. In the fMRI study, the cerebral response to the two sounds was compared both before and after the associative training. Two bilateral regions of interest were explored: the caudate nucleus and the amygdala. After the associative training, the response in the caudate nucleus was higher to the sound related to a higher reward value food than to the sound related to a lower reward value food, which difference was not present before the associative training. We found an increase in the amygdala response to both sounds after the training. In a whole-brain representational similarity analysis, we found that cerebral patterns in the caudate nucleus to the two sounds were different only after the training. Moreover, we found a positive correlation between the dissimilarity index in the caudate nucleus for activation responses to the two sounds and the difference in latencies (i.e. high reward value associated sound condition latency-low reward value associated sound condition latency) to solve the behavioural task: the bigger the difference between the conditions in latency to solve the task, the greater the difference in the neural representation of the two sounds was. In summary, family dogs' brain activation patterns reflected their expectations based on what they learned about the relationship between two sounds and their associated appetitive stimuli.
Assuntos
Núcleo Caudado , Resolução de Problemas , Cães , Animais , Núcleo Caudado/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo , Aprendizagem , RecompensaRESUMO
Introducción: En un estudio exploratorio previo se constataron insuficientes conocimientos sobre promoción de salud en brigadistas sanitarias de la Federación de Mujeres Cubanas y se detectaron regularidades en la preparación de técnicas participativas. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la intervención de Enfermería sobre promoción de salud en brigadistas sanitarias. Métodos: Investigación cuantitativa cuasi-experimental sin grupo control en brigadistas sanitarias del municipio San José de las Lajas, provincia Mayabeque, Cuba, en el período septiembre-diciembre de 2021. En un universo de 469 participantes, se aplicó una encuesta descriptiva y se calculó el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach para medir su confiabilidad. Se utilizaron distribuciones de frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes y la asociación entre variables se obtuvo con la prueba no paramétrica de rangos con signo de Wilcoxon. Resultados: Según el modelo de Nola J. Pender, después de la intervención, se elevaron los beneficios percibidos de la acción (85,71 por ciento), las barreras percibidas a la acción (87,84 por ciento), la autoeficacia percibida (95,94 por ciento), el afecto relacionado con la actividad (90,40 por ciento) y las influencias interpersonales y situacionales (98,93 por ciento) en las brigadistas sanitarias. Conclusiones: La intervención de Enfermería sobre promoción de salud en brigadistas sanitarias fue efectiva, con significación estadística en los aspectos evaluados(AU)
Introduction: A previous exploratory study found insufficient knowledge on health promotion among health brigade members from the Cuban Women Federation and permitted to identify regularities in the preparation of participatory techniques. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of nursing intervention on health promotion among health brigade members. Methods: A quantitative quasiexperimental research without a control group was carried out with health brigade members from San José de las Lajas Municipality, Mayabeque Province, Cuba, in the period September-December 2021. A study universe of 469 was applied a descriptive survey and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated to measure its reliability. Absolute frequency distributions and percentages were used, and the association between variables was obtained with the nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: According to Nola J. Pender's model, the intervention permitted to evaluate the perceived benefits of action (85.71 percent), the perceived barriers to action (87.84 percent), the perceived self-efficacy (95.94 percent), the activity-related affect (90.40 percent), as well as the interpersonal and situational influences (98.93 percent), among the health brigade members. Conclusions: The nursing intervention on health promotion among health brigade members was effective, with statistical significance in the evaluated aspects(AU)
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Humanos , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções , Promoção da Saúde , Terminologia Padronizada em EnfermagemRESUMO
Introducción: La satisfacción es el cumplimiento de expectativas en una actividad dada, determinada por las respuestas positivas que sobre esa actividad den los usuarios o participantes, lo que ratifica el cumplimiento de las exigencias de la intervención propuesta. Objetivo: Evaluar la satisfacción del profesional de enfermería con una intervención de cuidados como vía para la gestión del conocimiento. Métodos: Investigación cuantitativa de diseño observacional, descriptivo y transversal en Atención Primaria de Salud de la provincia Mayabeque en el período enero-abril de 2021. Universo de 44 profesionales de enfermería que brindan cuidados enfermeros a personas con infarto agudo de miocardio. Se aplicó una encuesta descriptiva de satisfacción validada por expertos a través del coeficiente de V de Aiken y se aplicó la técnica de Iadov para calcular el índice de satisfacción individual y grupal al utilizar el cuadro lógico de Iadov. Resultados: Se constató que 86,36 por ciento alcanzaron clara satisfacción con la intervención de cuidados enfermeros, 9,09 por ciento estaba más satisfecho que insatisfecho, 2,27 por ciento dieron respuestas no definidas y contradictorias. El Índice de Satisfacción Grupal obtiene un valor de 0,90, que se ubica en el rango de muy satisfecho. Conclusiones: El proceso de evaluación del profesional de enfermería con una intervención de cuidados como vía para la gestión del conocimiento resultó satisfactorio, expresado en el alto Índice de Satisfacción Grupal y en los criterios emitidos, donde evidencian la importancia que le conceden a la intervención propuesta(AU)
Introduction: Satisfaction is the achievement of expectations in a given activity, determined by the positive responses about that activity given by users or participants, which ratifies the fulfillment of the requirements proposed for any intervention. Objective: To assess the nursing professional's satisfaction with a care intervention as a means for knowledge management. Methods: A quantitative research of observational, descriptive and cross-sectional design was carried out at the primary healthcare level in Mayabeque Province in the period January-April 2021. The universe was made up of 44 nursing professionals who provide nursing care to people with acute myocardial infarction. A descriptive satisfaction survey validated by experts was applied using Aiken's V coefficient, and the Iadov's technique was applied to calculate the individual and group satisfaction index using Iadov's logical chart. Results: It was found that 86.36 percent of the respondents showed clear satisfaction with the nursing care intervention, 9.09 percent were more satisfied than dissatisfied, 2.27 percent gave undefined and contradictory answers. The group satisfaction score showed a value of 0.90, within the range of very satisfied. Conclusions: The assessment of the nursing professional's satisfaction with a care intervention as a means for knowledge management was satisfactory, as expressed in the high group satisfaction score and the given criteria, which evidence the importance that they attribute to the proposed intervention(AU)
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Humanos , Satisfação Pessoal , Gestão do Conhecimento para a Pesquisa em Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários , Cuidados de EnfermagemRESUMO
Family dogs are exposed to a continuous flow of human speech throughout their lives. However, the extent of their abilities in speech perception is unknown. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test speech detection and language representation in the dog brain. Dogs (n = 18) listened to natural speech and scrambled speech in a familiar and an unfamiliar language. Speech scrambling distorts auditory regularities specific to speech and to a given language, but keeps spectral voice cues intact. We hypothesized that if dogs can extract auditory regularities of speech, and of a familiar language, then there will be distinct patterns of brain activity for natural speech vs. scrambled speech, and also for familiar vs. unfamiliar language. Using multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) we found that bilateral auditory cortical regions represented natural speech and scrambled speech differently; with a better classifier performance in longer-headed dogs in a right auditory region. This neural capacity for speech detection was not based on preferential processing for speech but rather on sensitivity to sound naturalness. Furthermore, in case of natural speech, distinct activity patterns were found for the two languages in the secondary auditory cortex and in the precruciate gyrus; with a greater difference in responses to the familiar and unfamiliar languages in older dogs, indicating a role for the amount of language exposure. No regions represented differently the scrambled versions of the two languages, suggesting that the activity difference between languages in natural speech reflected sensitivity to language-specific regularities rather than to spectral voice cues. These findings suggest that separate cortical regions support speech naturalness detection and language representation in the dog brain.
Assuntos
Percepção Auditiva/fisiologia , Idioma , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Percepção da Fala/fisiologia , Adulto , Animais , Cães , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Introducción: El cuidado de enfermería para satisfacer necesidades humanas es un proceso individualizado de atención a cada persona, a partir de una valoración que se apoya en el razonamiento clínico y contribuye a la toma de decisiones. Objetivo: Parametrizar los cuidados de enfermería para satisfacer necesidades humanas en personas con lesiones por quemaduras. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo-transversal en el servicio de Caumatología del Hospital Miguel Enríquez, La Habana, durante 2019. Universo 80 enfermeras asistenciales. Se parametrizó la variable cuidados para satisfacer necesidades humanas en personas con lesiones por quemaduras, fraccionada en tres dimensiones, ocho subdimensiones y 29 indicadores. Se aplicaron: observación, encuesta y entrevista y se utilizó el criterio de expertos para constatar la validez de los instrumentos, así como la triangulación metodológica para comparar los datos obtenidos. Se calculó media ponderada y coeficiente alfa de Cronbach para medir confiabilidad de los instrumentos. La comparación de proporciones se realizó mediante chi-cuadrado, considerándose un nivel de significancia para p < 0,05. Resultados: La subdimensión comunicación obtuvo media ponderada 1.49, modo de actuación 2.65, formación de valores 4.98 y ética 4.99, las subdimensiones: necesidades humanas, razonamiento clínico, toma de decisiones y juicio clínico obtienen nivel de desarrollo bajo. Las categorías NANDA-NOC-NIC mostraron deficiencias en el conocimiento inadecuado (47,50 porciento, 58,75 porciento y 66,25 porciento). Conclusiones: La parametrización realizada permitió avalar que los cuidados para satisfacer necesidades humanas en personas con lesiones por quemaduras tienen un nivel medio de desarrollo. Se identificaron problemas y potencialidades que justifican el desarrollo de una intervención de enfermería(AU)
Introduction: Nursing care is an individualized process of care for each person aimed at satisfying her or his human needs, based on assessment supported by clinical reasoning and contributing to decision-making. Objective: To parameterize nursing care aimed at satisfying human needs in people with burn injuries. Methods: Descriptive-cross-sectional study carried out, during 2009, in the burn service at Miguel Enríquez Hospital, La Habana. The universe was eighty healthcare nurses. The variable care for satisfying human needs in people with burn injuries was parameterized, divided into three dimensions, eight subdimensions and twenty-nine indicators. Observation, survey and interview were applied. The method of expert judgment was used to verify the instruments' validity, as well as methodological triangulation to compare the data obtained. Weighted mean and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were calculated to measure the instruments' reliability. Comparison of proportions was carried out using chi-square, considering a level of significance for P < 0.05. Results: The subdimension communication obtained a weighted mean of 1.49, with a mode of action at 2.65, formation of values at 4.98, and ethics at 4.99. The subdimensions human needs, clinical reasoning, decision-making and clinical judgment obtained a low level of development. The NANDA-NOC-NIC categories showed deficiencies associated to inadequate knowledge (47.50 percent, 58.75 percent, and 66.25 percent,, respectively). Conclusions: The parameterization carried out permitted to guarantee that the cares for satisfying human needs in people with burn injuries have a medium level of development. Problems and potentialities that justify the development of a nursing intervention were identified(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Enfermagem de Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Cuidados de Enfermagem/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Terminologia Padronizada em EnfermagemRESUMO
Introducción: La vigilancia del síndrome febril inespecífico es una estrategia para la identificación temprana de enfermedades de interés en salud pública y de otras enfermedades no diagnosticadas usualmente. Objetivo: Determinar las características epidemiológicas del síndrome febril inespecífico. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo-transversal en pacientes con diagnóstico inicial de síndrome febril inespecífico en el municipio Nueva Paz, Mayabeque, en el período enero-diciembre, 2018. El universo estuvo constituido por 828 casos. Los datos obtenidos de la Unidad Municipal de Higiene y la base de datos de arbovirosis se vaciaron en una planilla creada al efecto. Las variables cuantitativas se resumieron mediante media aritmética y desviación estándar y las variables cualitativas mediante porcentajes. La comparación de proporciones se realizó a través de chi-cuadrado y dócima de Duncan, con un nivel de significación para p < 0,05. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino (55,08 por ciento) y la edad menor de 18 años (33,93 por ciento). Se encontró mayor número de focos en el área de salud de Los Palos (53,44 por ciento), donde se reportó más cantidad de síndrome febril inespecífico (50,60 por ciento). Los meses de mayo, julio y octubre notificaron mayor número de focos. La vigilancia se comportó en 61,7 por ciento con una reactividad en 56,50 por ciento. El 48,06 por ciento de los casos clasificaron dengue. Conclusiones: El incumplimiento de los programas de control del vector, la urbanización no planificada, el crecimiento acelerado de la población y la existencia de una infraestructura de salud deficiente ha permitido que proliferen las arbovirosis a gran escala en el municipio Nueva Paz(AU)
Introduction: Surveillance of nonspecific febrile syndrome is a strategy for early identification of public health concern diseases as well as other diseases not usually diagnosed. Objective: To determine the epidemiological characteristics of nonspecific febrile syndrome. Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study carried put, in the period January-December 2018, in patients with an initial diagnosis of nonspecific febrile syndrome from Nueva Paz Municipality, Mayabeque Province. The universe consisted of 828 cases. The data obtained from the Municipal Unit of Hygiene and Epidemiology as well as from the arbovirus diseases database were emptied into a form created for this purpose. Quantitative variables were summarized using arithmetic mean and standard deviation, while qualitative variables were summarized using percentages. The comparison of proportions was made through chi-square and Duncan's tests, with a level of significance P<0.05. Results: There was a predominance of the female sex (55.08 percent) and ages under eighteen years (33.93 percent). A greater number of focuses were found in the health area of Los Palos (53.44 percent), where a greater amount of nonspecific febrile syndrome was reported (50.60 percent). The months of May, July and October accounted for higher numbers of outbreaks. Surveillance was 61.7 percent with reactivity at 56.50 percent, 48.06 percent of the cases classified as dengue. Conclusions: Failure to comply with vector control programs, unplanned urban planning, accelerated population growth and the existence of a deficient health infrastructure have allowed great-scale arbovirus infections to proliferate in Nueva Paz Municipality(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Infecções por Arbovirus/diagnóstico , Convulsões Febris/epidemiologia , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
Introducción: El alto índice de lesiones por presión en la Atención Primaria de Salud del municipio San José, generó la necesidad de utilizar una superficie especial de manejo de presión sustituto para su prevención. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una superficie especial de manejo de presión sustituto en la prevención de lesiones por presión. Métodos: Intervención cuasi-experimental con grupo control en pacientes encamados con lesiones por presión estadíos I y II en consultorios del Policlínico "Luis A. Turcios Lima", Mayabeque, durante 2018. Universo de 57 pacientes, se conformaron dos grupos por muestreo aleatorio simple. El grupo experimental con 27 pacientes (medidas generales de prevención y superficie especial de manejo de presión sustituto) y grupo control (medidas generales de prevención) 30 pacientes. Se calculó media aritmética y desviación estándar, se estimó Odds Ratio a través de modelo multivariado de regresión logística, con intervalo de confianza del 95 por ciento y un nivel de significancia p < 0.05. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino (66,67 por ciento grupo experimental, 73,33 por ciento grupo control). La edad media fue mayor en el grupo control (74,3 años), prevalecieron las lesiones estadio I (50,88 por ciento) y las regiones sacra y calcánea las más afectadas (45,61 por ciento y 24,56 por ciento, respectivamente), el tiempo de tratamiento promedio fue 10 días 8 horas. Se constató la efectividad de la superficie especial de manejo de presión sustituto en grupo experimental (92,59 por ciento), frente a la efectividad de medidas preventivas del grupo control (26,67 por ciento). Conclusiones: La utilización de una superficie especial de manejo de presión sustituto, diseñada con materiales de fácil acceso fue efectiva en la prevención de las lesiones por presión(AU)
ABSTRACT Introduction: The high rate of pressure injuries in primary health care of San José Municipality generated the need to use a special substitute pressure management surface for its prevention. Objective: To assess the effectiveness a special surrogate pressure management surface in preventing pressure injuries. Methods: Quasiexperimental intervention with a control group in bedridden patients with pressure injuries at stages I and II, carried out, during 2018, in family medical offices of Luis A. Turcios Lima Polyclinic, Mayabeque Province. The universe was 57 patients. Two groups were formed by simple random sampling. The experimental was made up of 27 patients (general preventive measures and special surrogate pressure management surface) and the control group was made up of 30 patients (general preventive measures). Arithmetic mean and standard deviation were calculated and odds ratio was estimated through multivariate logistic regression model, with a 95 percent confidence interval and a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The female sex predominated (66.67 percent from the experimental group and 73.33 percent from the control group). The mean age was higher in the control group (74.3 years). Stage I lesions prevailed (50.88 percent), while the sacral and calcaneal regions were the most affected (45.61 percent and 24.56 percent, respectively). Average treatment time was ten days and eight hours. Effectiveness of the special surrogate pressure management surface was found in the experimental group (92.59 percent), compared to the effectiveness of preventive measures in the control group (26.67 percent). Conclusions: The use of a special surrogate pressure management surface, designed with easily accessible materials, was effective in preventing pressure injuries(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Úlcera por Pressão/epidemiologia , Tempo para o Tratamento/tendências , Pessoas Acamadas , Estudos Controlados Antes e Depois/métodosRESUMO
This paper shows the brain correlates of Cloninger's personality model during the presentation of social scenarios under positive or negative valence situations. Social scenarios were constructed when participants played the Dictator game with two confederates that had two opposites roles as the cooperator (Coop) and non-cooperator (NoCoop). Later the same day during a fMRI scanning session, participants read negative (Neg) and positive (Pos) situations that happened to confederates in the past. Participants were asked to think "how do you think those people felt during that situation?" A dissimilarity matrix between stimuli were obtained from fMRI results. Results shown that Harm Avoidance trait people make use of right middle frontal gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus to discriminate between Coop and NoCoop. Cooperation as a trait makes use of the right superior temporal gyrus and the right precuneus to discriminate between Coop and NoCoop in positive social scenarios. Finally, Self-directedness trait people make use of the right inferior parietal lobe to discriminate between Coop and NoCoop in negative social scenarios and the right precuneus to discriminate between Coop and Strangers. An intuitive link between discrimination findings and behavioral patterns of those personality traits is proposed.
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Introducción: El modo de actuar de los profesionales de enfermería y las acciones derivadas de los problemas de los pacientes, en la provincia Mayabeque, condicionan la necesidad de aplicar la teoría de Patricia Benner sobre la competencia-enfermero y perfeccionar así la calidad de la atención. Objetivo: Evaluar el desempeño profesional de enfermeros asistenciales bajo la teoría de Patricia Benner. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo-transversal en profesionales de enfermería de los 11 municipios de Mayabeque, Cuba, durante 2018. Universo de 44 enfermeros asistenciales de la Atención Primaria de Salud, se aplicó una prueba de desempeño y una guía de observación de la competencia y se utilizó el criterio de expertos para constatar la validez de los instrumentos. Las variables cuantitativas se resumieron mediante media aritmética y desviación estándar, la comparación de proporciones se realizó mediante la prueba chi-cuadrado, considerándose un nivel de significancia para P < 0,05. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino (79,54 por ciento), la edad entre 30-39 años (50 por ciento), experiencia en Área Intensiva Municipal de 6 a 10 años (65,90 por ciento), la superación profesional adecuada (70,45 por ciento) y desempeño profesional adecuado (84,09 por ciento). Los profesionales de enfermería clasificaron como eficientes y expertos según la teoría de Patricia Benner (45,45 por ciento y 22,72 por ciento respectivamente). Conclusiones: Los enfermeros asistenciales de las Áreas Intensivas Municipales de Mayabeque tienen un nivel alto de desempeño profesional porque son capaces de identificar intuitivamente las necesidades de los pacientes, realizar el plan de cuidados y resolver los problemas de salud de la población(AU)
ABSTRACT Introduction: The general problems the ones they come face to face to the nursing professionals and the particularities of the context of health in the provinces Mayabeque, condition the need to apply Patricia Benner's theory on the competition male nurse and to make the quality of care perfect that way. Objective: Evaluating the professional performance of helping male nurses under the theory of Patricia Benner. Methods: Study descriptive side road in professionals of infirmary of the 11 district councils of the province Mayabeque, Cuba, during 2018. Universe of 44 helping male nurses that labor of the Primary Care of Salud, a performance test was applicable a guidebook of observation of the competition and the judgement of dab hands to verify the validity of the instruments was used. The quantitative variables summarized themselves by means of arithmetical mean and standard deviation, the comparison of proportions were used chi-square came true by means of the proof, being considered a level of significance for P < 0,05. Results: There was a predominance of the feminine sex (79,54 percent), the bigger age of 30-39 years (50.00 percent), experience in AIM from 6 to 10 years (65,90 percent), the overcoming adequate professional (70,45 percent) and performance adequate professional (84,09 percent). The nursing professionals categorised like efficient and skilful according to the theory of Patricia Benner (45.45 percent and 22.72 percent respectively). Conclusions: The helping male nurses of the Intensive Municipal areas of Mayabeque are in a tall level of professional performance because they are able to identify the needs of the patients intuitively, organising the care plan and solving the health problems of the population(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Competência Profissional , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: En la provincia de Mayabeque se emplea la técnica de Lichtenstein en la reparación de la hernia inguinal, con una recidiva inferior al 3 por ciento. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los pacientes con diagnóstico de hernia inguinal operados por la técnica de hernioplastia de Lichtenstein. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal y retrospectivo en pacientes operados de hernia inguinal en el Hospital "Leopoldito Martínez" de enero-2013 a diciembre-2017. El universo estuvo constituido por 218 y una muestra probabilística sistemática de 128 casos. Los datos se obtuvieron de las historias clínicas. Las variables cuantitativas se resumieron mediante media aritmética y desviación estándar y las variables cualitativas mediante los por cientos. La comparación de proporciones se realizó a través del chi-cuadrado y la dócima de Duncan, considerándose un nivel de significación para p < 0,05. Resultados: Predominó el sexo masculino (94,54 por ciento), la edad entre 41 - 60 años (42,96 por ciento), tipo de hernia III A (60,15 por ciento) y evolución media de la misma 42,3 meses; el tiempo quirúrgico fue de 1-2 horas (65,62 por ciento) con media de 1 h, 26 minutos. Prevalecieron las complicaciones dolor agudo (13,28 por ciento) e infección del sitio quirúrgico (3,12 por ciento) y estadía hospitalaria < 24 horas (79,68 por ciento) con una recidiva de 2,34 por ciento. Conclusiones: La técnica de Lichtenstein es efectiva en la reparación de la hernia inguinal en la provincia de Mayabeque. La media del tiempo quirúrgico se estima en 1 hora y 26 minutos como máximo y la estadía hospitalaria a expensas de las complicaciones de 24-72 horas. El por ciento de recidivas es alto y debe mejorar depurando la técnica(AU)
ABSTRACT Introduction: In Mayabeque Province, the Lichtenstein technique is used to repair inguinal hernia, with a recurrence below 3 percent. Objective: To characterize patients with a diagnosis of inguinal hernia operated on by the Lichtenstein hernioplasty technique. Methods: A longitudinal and retrospective study was carried out in patients operated on for inguinal hernia at Leopoldito Martínez Hospital, from January-2013 to December-2017. The universe consisted of 218, with a systematic probabilistic sample of 128 cases. The data were obtained from medical records. Quantitative variables were summarized by arithmetic mean and standard deviation, while qualitative variables were summarized by percentages. The comparison of proportions was carried out through the chi-square and Duncan's test, considering a level of significance of P< 0.05. Results: There was a predominance of the male sex predominated (94.54 percent), the age between 41 and 60 years (42.96 percent), and the hernia type III A (60.15 percent), with mean evolution of 42.3 month. Surgical time was 1-2 hours (65.62 percent), with a mean of one hour and 26 minutes. There was predominance of acute pain complications (13.28 percent), surgical-site infection (3.12 percent) and hospital stay below 24 hours (79.68 percent), with a recurrence of 2.34 percent. Conclusions: The Lichtenstein technique is effective for inguinal hernia repair in the Mayabeque Province. Mean surgical time is estimated to be a maximum of one hour and 26 minutes, while hospital stay, at the expense of complications, was 24-72 hours. The percentage of recurrences is high and should improve by refining the technique(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prontuários Médicos , Herniorrafia/métodos , Hérnia Inguinal/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos LongitudinaisRESUMO
Introducción: El nivel de conocimientos sobre reanimación cardiopulmonar cerebral es fundamental paraevaluar la competencia de enfermería en servicios de urgencias.Objetivo: Determinar el nivel cognitivo adquirido sobre reanimación cardiopulmonar cerebral despuésde la intervención educativa para los enfermeros de Mayabeque.Métodos: Intervención educativa cuasi-experimental sin grupo de control, en 71 enfermerosasistenciales de los Hospitales Leopoldito Martínez y Aleida Fernández Chardiet en elperíodo junio a octubre-2019. Se estudiaron las variables: edad, experiencia en el servicio;categoría profesional, nivel de conocimientos y estimación de la necesidad de actualizaciónsegún las guías de asociación Estadounidense del Corazón. Las variables cuantitativas seresumieron mediante media aritmética y desviación estándar y las cualitativas medianteporcentajes. Se estimó Odds Ratio (OR) con Intervalo de Confianza del 95 % y nivel deimportancia de P<0.05.Resultados: La media de edad fue 27.9 años y la experiencia en el servicio 10.6 años. Las calificaciones antes de la intervención se mantuvieron inferiores a 3.58 puntos se consideraron comoineficientes, después se logró un puntaje promedio superior sin llegar a ser excelente. Elconocimiento sobre AHA se mantuvo con mala calificación. El 94.36 por ciento de los enfermerosconsideraron necesario conocer las guías.Conclusiones: El nivel de conocimientos antes de la intervención es ineficiente, después se obtuvo unresultado regular en casi todos los ítems. La calificación de mala no fue modificada en elconocimiento sobre las guías de actualización 2018 de la AHA aún después de la intervencióneducativa. La mayoría de los enfermeros consideran importante el conocimiento de las guíasde actualización.(AU)
Introduction: The level of knowledge about cerebral cardiopulmonary resuscitation is essential forevaluating the competence of nursing in emergency services.Objective: To determine the acquired cognitive level about cerebral cardiopulmonary resuscitation afteran educative intervention for nurses in Mayabeque.Metods: A quasi-experimental educative intervention without control group was performed in 71nurses from Leopoldito Martínez and Aleida Fernández Chardiet hospitals from June toOctober, 2019. The variables: age, experience in the service; professional category, level ofknowledge and estimation of the necessity of up-dating according to the American HeartAssociation Guides were studied. The quantitative variables were done by media arithmetic andstandard deviation and the qualitative ones by percentages. Odds Ratio (OR) was estimatedwith trust interval of 95 per cent and level of importance of P<0.05.Results: The mean age was of 27.9 and the experience in the service 10.6 years. Qualification beforethe intervention was lower than 3.58 points which was considered as inefficient, after theintervention, higher average points were obtained without reaching excellent results.Knowledge about cerebral cardiopulmonary resuscitation kept on with bad records. The94.36 per cent of the nurses considered necessary to know the guides.Conclusions: The level of knowledge before the intervention was inefficient, later a regular result wasobtained in in almost all the items. Bad qualification was not modified in relation to knowledgeabout the Up-dating Guides 2018 of the American Heart Association even after the educativeintervention. Most of the nurses consider important the knowledge of the Up-dating Guides.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Estudos Controlados Antes e Depois , Parada Cardíaca , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar/enfermagem , Equipe de Respostas Rápidas de Hospitais , Atenção Secundária à SaúdeRESUMO
Conspecific-preference in social perception is evident for multiple sensory modalities and in many species. There is also a dedicated neural network for face processing in primates. However, the evolutionary origin and the relative role of neural species sensitivity and face sensitivity in visuo-social processing are largely unknown. In this comparative study, species sensitivity and face sensitivity to identical visual stimuli (videos of human and dog faces and occiputs) were examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging in dogs (n = 20; 45% female) and humans (n = 30; 50% female). In dogs, the bilateral mid suprasylvian gyrus showed conspecific-preference, no regions exhibited face-preference, and the majority of the visually-responsive cortex showed greater conspecific-preference than face-preference. In humans, conspecific-preferring regions (the right amygdala/hippocampus and the posterior superior temporal sulcus) also showed face-preference, and much of the visually-responsive cortex showed greater face-preference than conspecific-preference. Multivariate pattern analyses (MVPAs) identified species-sensitive regions in both species, but face-sensitive regions only in humans. Across-species representational similarity analyses (RSAs) revealed stronger correspondence between dog and human response patterns for distinguishing conspecific from heterospecific faces than other contrasts. Results unveil functional analogies in dog and human visuo-social processing of conspecificity but suggest that cortical specialization for face perception may not be ubiquitous across mammals.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT To explore the evolutionary origins of human face-preference and its relationship to conspecific-preference, we conducted the first comparative and noninvasive visual neuroimaging study of a non-primate and a primate species, dogs and humans. Conspecific-preferring brain regions were observed in both species, but face-preferring brain regions were observed only in humans. In dogs, an overwhelming majority of visually-responsive cortex exhibited greater conspecific-preference than face-preference, whereas in humans, much of the visually-responsive cortex showed greater face-preference than conspecific-preference. Together, these findings unveil functional analogies and differences in the organizing principles of visuo-social processing across two phylogenetically distant mammal species.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Reconhecimento Facial/fisiologia , Reconhecimento Psicológico/fisiologia , Adulto , Tonsila do Cerebelo/diagnóstico por imagem , Tonsila do Cerebelo/fisiologia , Animais , Mapeamento Encefálico , Córtex Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Córtex Cerebral/fisiologia , Cães , Feminino , Hipocampo/diagnóstico por imagem , Hipocampo/fisiologia , Humanos , Individualidade , Modelos Lineares , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Especificidade da Espécie , Vias Visuais/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introducción: Por el incremento de la morbilidad por COVID-19, el personal de salud demanda revisiones bibliográficas que determinen sus características epidemiológicas.Objetivo: Profundizar en las evidencias científicas actuales acerca de la COVID-19.Métodos: Se realizó una revisión integradora en cuatro bases de datos: PubMed, SciELO, Dialnet Plus y Cochrane Plus, en marzo del 2020.Se usaron los descriptores por el operador boleano AND y OR. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: artículos con acceso gratuito publicados en español, inglés o portugués y fueron excluidos estudios duplicados y cuya calidad metodológica fue baja, evaluándose a través de la lectura crítica.Conclusiones: los resultados demuestran que no existe vacuna, ni medicamento eficaz que frene el acelerado desarrollo del SARS-CoV2. Los primeros esfuerzos se centran en describir el curso clínico, contar los casos graves y tratar a los enfermos, aliviar los síntomas y apoyar lasfunciones vitales(AU)
Introduction: Due to the increasing morbidity by COVID-19, the health professionals demandbibliographical revisions which determine its epidemiological characteristics.Objective: To deep in the current scientific evidences about COVID-19.Methods: An integrator revision in four data bases PubMed, SciELO, Dialnet Plus andCochrane Plus was performed in March, 2020. Descriptors for Boolean operator AND and ORwere used. The inclusion criteria were: articles with free access published in Spanish, Englishor Portuguese and duplicated and low methodological quality studies were excluded, whichwere evaluated by a critical reading.Conclusions: The results showed that there is no vaccine or effective medication to stop the accelerated development of SARS-CoV-2. The first efforts have been centered in describing the clinical course, to count the critical cases and to treat ill individuals, to relieve the symptoms and support vital functions(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Infecções por Coronavirus , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave , PneumoniaRESUMO
Introducción: Si la reacción global a la COVID-19 fue inicialmente insuficiente y tardía, ahora, la lucha contra la pandemia se está acelerando, dejando en claro la urgencia de una respuestaglobal.Objetivo: Caracterizar los casos confirmados de la COVID-19 en Mayabeque.Métodos: Se realizó una investigación exploratoria, transversal de los 30 pacientes confirmados, en el período del 1ro al 22 de abril de 2020. Para la obtención de la información se revisaron los registros primarios creados al efecto en el Departamento de Vigilancia de la Dirección Provincial de Salud. Con los datos obtenidos se confeccionó una base de datos en el sistema operativo Microsoft Excel a través de una PC Pentium IV, con ambiente de Windows XP y los textos se procesaron en Word XP.Resultados: Se confirmaron 18 casos de 25 a 59 años para un 60.1 porciento y 16 del sexo masculino que representa el 53.3 porciento . El 56.6 porciento correspondió al municipio San José de las Lajas y el 100 porciento de los pacientes evolucionaron de forma estable.Conclusiones: Prevaleció la enfermedad en adultos jóvenes, femeninos, asintomáticos y con evolución satisfactoria(AU)
Introduction: If the global reaction to COVID-19 was initially insufficient and late, now, the struggle against the pandemic is being accelerating, leaving very clear the emergency of a global response.Objective: To characterize the confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Mayabeque.Methods: An exploratory cross-sectional research was performed with the 30 confirmed patients, from April 1st to 22nd, 2020.Results: 18 cases from 25 to 59 years old were confirmed for a 60.1 per cent and 16 of the male sex that represent the 53.3 per cent. The 56.6 per cent corresponded to San José de las Lajas municipality and the 100 per cent of the patients developed in a stable way.Conclusions: The disease prevailed in young adults, female, asymptomatic with a satisfactory evolution(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Coronavirus , Demografia , Evolução ClínicaRESUMO
Our choices are often informed by temporally integrating streams of sensory information. This has been well demonstrated in the visual and auditory domains, but the integration of tactile information over time has been less studied. We designed an active touch task in which participants explored a spheroid-shaped object to determine its inclination with respect to the horizontal plane (inclined to the left or the right). In agreement with previous findings, our results show that more errors, and longer decision times, accompany difficult decisions (small inclination angles). To gain insight into the decision-making process, we used a time-controlled task in which the experimenter manipulated the time available for tactile exploration on a trial-by-trial basis. The behavioral results were fit with a bounded accumulation model and an independent sampling model that assumes no sensory accumulation. The results of model fits favor an accumulation-to-bound mechanism and suggest that participants integrate the first 600â¯ms of 1800â¯ms-long stimuli. This means that the somatosensory system benefits from longer streams of information, although it does not make use of all available evidence.
Assuntos
Percepção do Tato , Tato , Humanos , Córtex SomatossensorialRESUMO
Introducción: La reanimación hídrica del paciente quemado es vital para su supervivencia, el esquema de Brooke modificado puede resultar un método efectivo para lograrlo. Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad del esquema de reanimación hídrica de Brooke modificado en las primeras 72 horas del ingreso. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, realizado en pacientes quemados graves ingresados en el servicio de Caumatología y Cirugía Plástica del Hospital Universitario "Dr. Miguel Enríquez" de La Habana durante 2014. Universo de 211, se seleccionó una muestra probabilística sistemática de 80 pacientes, conformándose tres grupos según el pronóstico de grave (40), crítico (17) y crítico extremo (23). Se utilizaron técnicas estadísticas de distribución de frecuencia absoluta y porcentaje, a las variables estudiadas se les calculó desviación estándar considerándose un nivel de significancia para p < 0.05. Resultados: Predominó el sexo masculino (67,50 por ciento), la edad de 40 a 49 años en 45,00 por ciento, la categoría de grave (50,00 por ciento), 46,25 por ciento de los casos se comenzó a reanimar entre 4 y 8 horas de ocurrido el insulto térmico. La taquicardia y la sed fueron los parámetros clínicos de mayor importancia en las fases de reanimación (97,50 por ciento y 73,75 por ciento) y posreanimación (26,25 por ciento y 13,75 por ciento), disminuyeron en más de 70,00 por ciento de una etapa a otra. Conclusiones: En la fase de posreanimación de los pacientes quemados, los parámetros clínicos evaluados mejoraron en más de 70 por ciento, siendo esto un indicador satisfactorio de la eficacia de la utilización del esquema de Brooke modificado(AU)
ABSTRACT Introduction: Hydric resuscitation is vital for the survival of the burnt patient; the modified Brooke formulas can be used as an effective method to achieve it. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the modified Brooke formula for hydric resuscitation in the first 72 hours of admission. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out with severely burnt patients admitted to the Caumatology and Plastic Surgery Department of Dr. Miguel Enríquez University Hospital of Havana, during 2014. Study population of 211, a systematic probabilistic sample of 80 patients was chosen, three groups being formed according to the prognosis of severe (40), critical (17) and extremely critical (23). Statistical techniques of absolute frequency and percentage distribution were used; for the variables studied, we calculated standard deviation considering a level of significance for p < 0.05. Results: There was a predominance of the male sex (67.50 percent), age 40-49 years (45.00 percent), the category of serious (50.00 percent), 46.25 percent of the cases began to be resuscitated from 4 to 8 hours after the thermal insult occurred. Tachycardia and thirst were the most important clinical parameters in the phases of resuscitation (97.50 percent and 73.75 percent) and post-resuscitation (26.25 percent and 13.75 percent), decreased by more than 70.00 percent from one stage to another. Conclusions: In the post-resuscitation stage of the burnt patients, the evaluated clinical parameters improved by more than 70 percent, this being a satisfactory indicator of the effectiveness of the use of the modified Brooke formula(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Efetividade , Queimaduras/etiologia , Equipe de Respostas Rápidas de Hospitais , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
The visual system classifies objects into categories, and distinct populations of neurons within the temporal lobe respond preferentially to objects of a given perceptual category. We can also classify the objects we recognize with the sense of touch, but less is known about the neuronal correlates underlying this cognitive function. To address this question, we performed a multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) of functional magnetic resonance imagining (fMRI) activity to identify the cortical areas that can be used to decode the category of objects explored with the hand. We observed that tactile object category can be decoded from the activity patterns of somatosensory and parietal areas. Importantly, we found that categories can also be decoded from the lateral occipital complex (LOC), which is a multimodal region known to be related to the representation of object shape. Furthermore, a hyperalignment analysis showed that activity patterns are similar across subjects. Our results thus indicate that tactile object recognition generates category-specific patterns of activity in a multisensory area known to encode objects, and that these patterns have a similar functional organization across individuals.
Assuntos
Vias Aferentes/fisiologia , Lobo Occipital/fisiologia , Lobo Parietal/fisiologia , Percepção do Tato/fisiologia , Tato/fisiologia , Adulto , Vias Aferentes/diagnóstico por imagem , Mapeamento Encefálico , Feminino , Lateralidade Funcional , Mãos/inervação , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Lobo Occipital/diagnóstico por imagem , Oxigênio/sangue , Lobo Parietal/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Introducción: el bajo peso al nacer guarda relación con la morbilidad, mortalidad y bienestar del binomio madre-hijo, el desconocimiento sobre sus factores de riesgo requiere de intervenciones educativas en las gestantes. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de intervención educativa en el nivel de conocimientos de embarazadas sobre factores de riesgo maternos de bajo peso al nacer. Métodos: estudio de intervención educativa con diseño preexperimental, con pre y post-test en gestantes del Policlínico Felipe Poey Aloy en Nueva Paz, Mayabeque, de abril 2013 hasta junio 2014. Universo de 32 gestantes con tiempo gestacional inferior a 26 semanas y factores maternos asociados, se aplicó un cuestionario inicial, se implementó la intervención y se evaluó su efectividad. Se utilizaron distribución de frecuencia absoluta y valor porcentual, la comparación de proporciones se realizó mediante medida de resumen para variables cualitativas. Se calculó la razón de las variables dependientes explicada por las diferencias entre los grupos. Resultados: el nivel de conocimientos sobre la edad óptima para el embarazo, el peso adecuado y la alimentación apropiada antes de la intervención eran insuficientes en 68,75 por ciento, 84,37 por ciento y 53,12 por ciento respectivamente, después de la intervención se elevó en 100 por ciento, 87,50 por ciento y 84,37 por ciento. Los conocimientos sobre las enfermedades maternas asociadas y los suplementos vitamínicos que se deben ingerir eran deficitarios en 59,37 por ciento y 62,50 por ciento elevándose en 68,75 por ciento y 90,62 por ciento en cada caso. Conclusiones: la intervención educativa fue efectiva en la modificación del nivel de conocimientos sobre factores de riesgo maternos de bajo peso al nacer de las embarazadas estudiadas(AU)
Introduction: Low birth weight is related to morbidity, mortality and welfare of mothers and children, the lack of knowledge about their risk factors requires educational interventions in pregnant women. Objective: evaluating the effectiveness of educational intervention in the level of knowledge of pregnant women on maternal risk factors of underweight when being born. Methods: study of educational intervention with pre experimental pre-test post-test in pregnant Polyclinic Felipe Poey Aloy" in Nueva Paz, Mayabeque, from April 2013 to June 2014. Universe less than 32 pregnant women with gestational time design with and 26 weeks and associated maternal factors, an initial questionnaire was applied, the intervention was implemented and its effectiveness was evaluated. Distribution of absolute frequency and percentage value was used; the comparison of proportions was performed using summary measure for qualitative variables. The reason for the dependent variables explained by differences between groups was calculated. Results: the level of knowledge on the optimal age for pregnancy, the adequate weight and the nutrition adapted before intervention were insufficient in 68.75 percent, 84.37 percent and 53.12 percent respectively, after intervention rose in 100 percent, 87.50 percent and 84.37 percent. The knowledge on the maternal correlated diseases and the vitamin supplements that should be taken in were showing a deficit in 59.37 percent and 62.50 percent rising in 68.75 percent and 90.62 percent in each case. Conclusions: the educational intervention was effective in the modification of the level of knowledge on maternal risk factors of underweight to be born of the studi ed pregnant women(AU)