Bacterial incidence and drug resistance from pathogens recovered from blood, cerebrospinal and pleural fluids in 2019-2020. Results of the Invifar network.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a global concern. Analysis of sterile fluids is essential because microorganisms are defined as significant in most cases. Blood, cerebrospinal, and pleural fluids are frequently received in the microbiology lab because they are associated with considerable rates of morbi-mortality. Knowledge of epidemiology in these samples is needed to choose proper empirical treatments due to the importance of reducing selection pressure. Methods: We used retrospective laboratory data of blood, CSF, and pleural fluid collected from patients in Mexico between 2019 and 2020. Each laboratory identified the strains and tested susceptibility using its routine methods. For Streptococcus pneumoniae, a comparative analysis was performed with data from the broth microdilution method. Results: Forty-five centers participated in the study, with 30,746 clinical isolates from blood, 2,429 from pleural fluid, and 2,275 from CSF. For blood and CSF, Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most frequent. For blood, among gram negatives, the most frequent was Escherichia coli. Among Enterobacterales, 9.8% of K. pneumoniae were carbapenem-resistant. For S. pneumoniae, similar resistance percentages were observed for levofloxacin, cefotaxime, and vancomycin. For CSF, the most frequent gram-negative was E. coli. In Acinetobacter baumannii, carbapenem resistance was 71.4%. The most frequent species detected for pleural fluid was E. coli; in A. baumannii, carbapenem resistance was 96.3%. Conclusion: Gram-negative bacteria, with E. coli most prevalent, are frequently recovered from CSF, blood, and pleural fluid. In S. pneumoniae, the routine, conventional methods showed good agreement in detecting resistance percentages for erythromycin, levofloxacin, and vancomycin.

[Yeast susceptibility isolated from blood cultures of patients at the National Cardiology Institute Ignacio Chávez]. / Susceptibilidad de levaduras aisladas de hemocultivos en pacientes del Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez.

INTRODUCTION: With the increasing prevalence of bloodstream infections caused by Candida sp. is necessary to establish the susceptibility of resistant strains in various geographical regions. OBJECTIVE: To determine the in vitro susceptibility to fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and amphotericin B in yeasts isolated from blood through E test method. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the period from 1992 to 2007, a total 112 strains of Candida species were isolated from blood of patients at the National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chavez. Susceptibility of these strains was performed to know the level of resistance to Itraconazole, Fluconazole, Voriconazole and Amphotericine B by E test method. RESULTS: C. albicans was the most common species (60.2%), followed by C. tropicalis (9.8%). A five percent of resistance to itraconazole, 1.8% to fluconazole; and 0.9% to amphotericine B and voriconazole were found. C. glabrata was the most resistant species to the four antifungal agents. CONCLUSION: The yeasts resistance to the four antifungal agents is still lower in our patients.