RESUMO
Open-angle glaucoma (OAG), the most prevalent clinical type of glaucoma, is still the main cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. OAG is a neurodegenerative illness for which the most important risk factor is elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Many questions remain unanswered about OAG, such as whether nutritional or toxic habits, other personal characteristics, and/or systemic diseases influence the course of glaucoma. As such, in this study, we performed a multicenter analytical, observational, case-control study of 412 participants of both sexes, aged 40-80 years, that were classified as having ocular hypertension (OHT) or OAG. Our primary endpoint was to investigate the relationship between specific lifestyle habits; anthropometric and endocrine-metabolic, cardiovascular, and respiratory events; and commonly used psychochemicals, with the presence of OHT or OAG in an ophthalmologic population from Spain and Portugal. Demographic, epidemiological, and ocular/systemic clinical data were recorded from all participants. Data were analyzed using the R Statistics v4.1.2 and RStudio v2021.09.1 programs. The mean age was 62 ± 15 years, with 67-80 years old comprising the largest subgroup sample of participants in both study groups. The central corneal thickness (ultrasound pachymetry)-adjusted IOP (Goldman tonometry) in each eye was 20.46 ± 2.35 and 20.1 ± 2.73 mmHg for the OHT individuals, and 15.8 ± 3.83 and 16.94 ± 3.86 mmHg for the OAG patients, with significant differences between groups (both p = 0.001). The highest prevalence of the surveyed characteristics in both groups was for overweight/obesity and daily coffee consumption, followed by psychochemical drug intake, migraine, and peripheral vasospasm. Our data show that overweight/obesity, migraine, asthma, and smoking are major risk factors for conversion from OHT to OAG in this Spanish and Portuguese population.
RESUMO
Las úlceras por presión representan un importante problema de salud pública de gran repercusión, que entraña numerosos costes y sufrimiento, no solamente en los pacientes afectados, sino también en su entorno familiar. Según datos del Estudio de Prevalencia de úlceras por Presión, llevado a cabo por el Grupo de Investigación Científica en Enfermería (ICE) en 2006, es en el ámbito de la atención primaria donde la prevalencia es más alta. Con el fin de contribuir a su disminución, se realizó un estudio piloto con el objetivo de desarrollar y evaluar una sesión de educación para la salud destinada a los cuidadores informales. Este estudio piloto es de tipo descriptivo-exploratorio, y en su elaboración se tienen en cuenta cuatro grandes áreas de intervención. Los resultados de este estudio se presentan en función del perfil del paciente, el perfil del cuidador y la evaluación de las sesiones de educación para la salud
Pressure ulcers are a huge Public Health Problem with a great amount of economic costs and suffer to the people and their caregivers. The ICE Group, in their Pressure Ulcer Prevalence Study in 2006, shows that the higher rates was found in the community context. In order to contribute to reducing this rate was made a pilot study aimed to develop and evaluate a session of Health Education for informal caregivers. This is a descriptive-exploratory pilot study, where a session was elaborated taking into an account four main areas. The study results are presented by patient profile, informal caregiver profile and the educational program evaluation
