Miocarditis y miocardiopatía inflamatoria confirmadas por biopsia endomiocárdica: perfil clínico y pronóstico / Endomyocardial biopsy-confirmed myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy: clinical profile and prognosis

Introducción y objetivos La biopsia endomiocárdica (BEM) es la única técnica capaz de establecer el diagnóstico etiológico de pacientes con miocarditis o miocardiopatía inflamatoria (MI). El objetivo de este estudio es conocer el perfil clínico, la evolución y los factores pronósticos de los pacientes con sospecha de miocarditis o MI sometidos a BEM. Métodos Se analizaron retrospectivamente las características clínicas, los hallazgos histológicos y la evolución de todos los pacientes con sospecha de miocarditis o MI sometidos a BEM entre 1997 y 2019 en un hospital terciario español. Se evaluó el rendimiento del diagnóstico histológico mediante los criterios de Dallas frente a los criterios inmunohistoquímicos (IHQ). Resultados Se realizó BEM a 99 pacientes (el 67% varones; edad, 42± 15 años; fracción de eyección media, 34±14%). El 28% presentaba miocarditis o MI confirmada por criterios de Dallas y el 54% aplicando los criterios IHQ (p <0,1). Se diagnosticaron 47 miocarditis linfocitarias, 6 miocarditis eosinofílicas, 3 sarcoidosis y 1 miocarditis de células gigantes. Tras una mediana de seguimiento de 18 meses, 23 pacientes (23%) precisaron trasplante cardiaco o asistencia ventricular o fallecieron. El 21% de los pacientes con miocarditis confirmada mediante IHQ precisó trasplante cardiaco o asistencia o falleció, frente al 7% de aquellos sin inflamación (p=0,056). La fracción de eyección ≤ 30%, un diámetro telediastólico del ventrículo izquierdo ≥60mm y una clase NYHA III-IV iniciales se asociaron con peor pronóstico, especialmente en presencia de inflamación. Conclusiones La BEM permite establecer un diagnóstico etiológico en más de la mitad de los casos de sospecha de miocarditis o MI cuando se emplean técnicas IHQ. La inflamación confirmada por IHQ añade valor pronóstico y permite identificar a los pacientes con mayor probabilidad de sufrir complicaciones (AU)

Introduction and objectives Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is the only technique able to establish an etiological diagnosis of myocarditis or inflammatory cardiomyopathy (ICM). The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical profile, outcomes, and prognostic factors of patients with suspected myocarditis/ICM undergoing EMB. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics, histological findings, and follow-up data of all patients with suspected myocarditis or ICM who underwent EMB between 1997 and 2019 in a Spanish tertiary hospital. The diagnostic yield was compared using the Dallas criteria vs immunohistochemical criteria (IHC). Results A total of 99 patients underwent EMB (67% male; mean age, 42±15 years; mean left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF], 34%±14%). Myocarditis or ICM was confirmed in 28% with application of the Dallas criteria and in 54% with the IHC criteria (P <.01). Lymphocytic myocarditis was diagnosed in 47 patients, eosinophilic myocarditis in 6, sarcoidosis in 3, and giant cell myocarditis in 1 patient. After a median follow-up of 18 months, 23 patients (23%) required heart transplant (HTx), a left ventricular assist device (LVAD), and/or died. Among the patients with IHC-confirmed myocarditis, 21% required HTx/LVAD or died vs 7% of those without inflammation (P=.056). The factors associated with a worse prognosis were baseline LVEF ≤ 30%, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter ≥ 60mm, and NYHA III-IV, especially in the presence of inflammation. Conclusions EMB allows an etiological diagnosis in more than half of patients with suspected myocarditis/ICM when IHC techniques are used. IHC-confirmed inflammation adds prognostic value and helps to identify patients with a higher probability of developing complications (AU)

Usefulness of severity scales for cardiogenic shock in-hospital mortality. Proposal for a new prognostic model.

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a condition comprising multiple etiologies, which associates high mortality rates. Some scoring systems have been shown to be good predictors of hospital mortality in patients admitted to Critical Care Units (CCU). The main objective of this study is to analyze their usefulness and validity in a cohort of CS patients. METHODS: Observational unicentric study of a cohort of CS patients. SOFA, SAPS II and APACHE II scores were calculated in the first 24 h of CCU admission. RESULTS: 130 patients with CS were included. SOFA, SAPS II and APACHE II scores revealed good discrimination for hospital mortality: (AUC) ROC values (AUC: 0.711, 0.752 and 0.742 respectively; P = .6). Calibration, estimated by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, was adequate in all cases. Acute coronary syndrome, lactate serum values, SAPS II score and vasoactive inotropic score (VIS) were found to be independent predictors for mortality, upon ICU admission. With these variables, a specific prognostic indicator was developed (SAPS-2-LIVE), which improved predictive capability for mortality in our series (AUC) ROC, 0.825 (95% CI 0.752-0.89). CONCLUSION: In this contemporary CS cohort, the aforementioned scores have been shown to have good predictive ability for hospital mortality. These findings could contribute to a more accurate risk stratification in CS.

Utilidad de las escalas de gravedad en la predicción de mortalidad intrahospitalaria en el shock cardiogénico. Propuesta de un nuevo modelo pronóstico / Usefulness of severity scales for cardiogenic shock in-hospital mortality. Proposal for a new prognostic model

El shock cardiogénico (SC) es una entidad que comprende múltiples etiologías y asocia elevada mortalidad. Algunas escalas de gravedad han demostrado ser buenos predictores de mortalidad hospitalaria en pacientes ingresados en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). El objetivo principal de este estudio es analizar su utilidad y validez en una cohorte de pacientes en SC. Métodos: Estudio observacional unicéntrico. Se calcularon las escalas SOFA, SAPSII y APACHEII en las primeras 24horas de ingreso en UCI. Resultados: Se incluyeron 130 pacientes con SC. Las escalas SOFA, SAPSII y APACHEII mostraron buena discriminación para la mortalidad hospitalaria, obteniendo valores de área bajo la curva (AUC) ROC similares (AUC: 0,711, 0,752 y 0,742, respectivamente; p=0,6). La calibración, estimada por el test de Hosmer-Lemeshow, fue adecuada en todos los casos, SOFA (p=0,787), SAPSII (p=0,078) y APACHEII (p=0,522). Resultaron: predictores independientes de mortalidad intrahospitalaria: el síndrome coronario agudo (SCA), los valores de lactato sérico, el SAPSII y el índice de vasoactivos inotrópicos (VIS) en las primeras 24horas de ingreso en UCI.Con estas variables se desarrolló un indicador pronóstico específico para el SC (SAPS-2-LIVE) que mejora la capacidad predictiva de mortalidad en nuestra serie (AUC) ROC, 0,825 (IC 95% 0,752-0,89). Conclusión: En esta cohorte contemporánea de SC, las escalas SOFA, SAPSII y APACHEII han demostrado una buena capacidad de predicción de mortalidad hospitalaria. Estos hallazgos podrían contribuir a una mejor estratificación del riesgo en el SC.(AU)

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a condition comprising multiple etiologies, which associates high mortality rates. Some scoring systems have been shown to be good predictors of hospital mortality in patients admitted to Critical Care Units (CCU). The main objective of this study is to analyze their usefulness and validity in a cohort of CS patients. Methods: Observational unicentric study of a cohort of CS patients. SOFA, SAPSII and APACHEII scores were calculated in the first 24hours of CCU admission. Results: 130 patients with CS were included. SOFA, SAPSII and APACHEII scores revealed good discrimination for hospital mortality: (AUC) ROC values (AUC: 0.711, 0.752 and 0.742 respectively; p=0.6). Calibration, estimated by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, was adequate in all cases.Acute coronary syndrome, lactate serum values, SAPSII score and vasoactive inotropic score (VIS) were found to be independent predictors for mortality, upon ICU admission. With these variables, a specific prognostic indicator was developed (SAPS-2-LIVE), which improved predictive capability for mortality in our series (AUC) ROC, 0.825 (95% CI 0.752-0.89). Conclusion: In this contemporary CS cohort, the aforementioned scores have been shown to have good predictive ability for hospital mortality. These findings could contribute to a more accurate risk stratification in CS.(AU)

A randomised trial of paclitaxel-eluting balloon after bare metal stent implantation vs. bare metal stent in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (the PEBSI study).

AIMS: Our aim was to assess the safety and efficacy of paclitaxel-eluting balloon (PTX-B) treatment after bare metal stent (BMS) implantation in patients undergoing primary angioplasty. METHODS AND RESULTS: After BMS implantation, patients were randomised (1:1) to treatment with a PTX-B or no PTX-B treatment (BMS group). The primary endpoint was in-stent late luminal loss (LLL) at nine-month follow-up. OCT was carried out on the first 20% of consecutive patients included in the study. Two hundred and twenty-three patients were randomised (BMS: 112, PTX-B: 111). At nine months, median LLL was 0.80 mm (interquartile range [IQR] 0.36-1.26) in the BMS group vs. 0.31 mm (IQR 0.00-0.58) in the PTX-B group, p<0.0001. Binary restenosis was significantly lower in the PTX-B group: 29.8% vs. 2.2%, p<0.0001, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.2-54.2. Nine-month OCT showed good strut coverage in both groups but greater in the BMS group (100±0.0% vs. 99.52±1.11%, p=0.03) with very low rates of malapposed struts per lesion. One-year MACE was significantly lower in the PTX-B group (12.5% vs. 3.6%, p=0.016). CONCLUSIONS: PTX-B after successful BMS implantation resulted in less LLL and better clinical outcomes as compared with a BMS-only strategy. This was associated with good stent strut coverage and very low rates of malapposed struts.