Carcinoma en coraza / Carcinoma en cuirasse

Las metástasis cutáneas del cáncer de mama se clasifican en 6 variedades, de acuerdo a la presentación clínica e histopatológica, teniendo el 3% de frecuencia la presentación en coraza. Aparece como una placa eritematosa e infiltrada con aspecto esclerodermiforme con presencia de nódulos y pápulas. Presentamos el caso clínico de una mujer de 65 años de edad con antecedente de cáncer de mama 8 años previos al inicio de su dermatosis, compatible con un carcinoma en coraza, corroborado con histopatología (AU)

Cutaneous metastases from breast cancer are classified into 6 varieties, according to the clinical presentation and histopathology, 3% of them are presented in a cuirass pattern. Clinically it is present¡ed as an erythematous and infiltrated plaque, with a sclerodermiform-like shape, accompanied bynodules and papules. We report a 65 year-old woman with a history of breast cancer 8 years prior to the beginning of her dermatosis, compatible with a carcinoma in cuirass, confirmed by histopathology studies (AU)

Hiperqueratosis nevoide del pezón y la areola unilateral tratada con calcitriol tópico / Unilateral Nevoid Hyperkeratosis of the Nipple and Areola Treated With Topical Calcitriol

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La biopsia mediante sutura en bolsa de tabaco presuturada en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los pólipos umbilicales. Réplica / Biopsy by presutured purse-string suture in the diagnosis and treatment of umbilical polyps. Reply

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[Persistence of the omphalomesenteric duct. Childhood differential diagnosis of umbilical granuloma]. / Persistencia del conducto onfalomesentérico. Diagnóstico diferencial de granuloma umbilical en la infancia.

The omphalomesenteric duct is an embryonic structure which communicates the vitelline duct with the midgut. It normally disappears between the fifth and ninth weeks of intrauterine life. Anomalies related with the total or partial absence of this involution are show in 2 % of the population. We report a case of persistence of the omphalomesenteric duct and review the bibliography to establish the differences between this anomaly and umbilical granuloma, which is the main differential diagnosis.

Persistencia del conducto onfalomesentérico. Diagnóstico diferencial de granuloma umbilical en la infancia / Persistence of the omphalomesenteric duct. Childhood differential diagnosis of umbilical granuloma

El conducto onfalomesentérico es una estructura embrionaria que comunica al saco vitelino con el intestino medio que generalmente desaparece entre la quinta y la novena semanas de vida intrauterina. Las anomalías relacionadas con la ausencia total o parcial de dicha involución se presentan en un 2 % de la población. Presentamos un caso de persistencia del conducto onfalomesentérico y realizamos una revisión bibliográfica para establecer las diferencias que existen entre esta anomalía y el granuloma umbilical que es su principal diagnóstico diferencial

The omphalomesenteric duct is an embryonic structure which communicates the vitelline duct with the midgut. It normally disappears between the fifth and ninth weeks of intrauterine life. Anomalies related with the total or partial absence of this involution are show in 2 % of the population. We report a case of persistence of the omphalomesenteric duct and review the bibliography to establish the differences between this anomaly and umbilical granuloma, which is the main differential diagnosis

Pimecrolimus 1% cream for the treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the safety and efficacy of pimecrolimus cream on lesions of discoid lupus erythematosus. METHODS: In an open-label phase II trial, patients with discoid lupus were treated with pimecrolimus 1% cream twice daily for 8 weeks. We assessed skin involvement with a clinical severity score, quality of life, patient improvement and toxicity. The changes were documented by skin biopsy at baseline and at the end of treatment. RESULTS: Ten patients with a mean age of 34 +/- 17 yr and disease duration of 3 yr (range 1-8) were studied; 90% were female and 40% had received prior topical or systemic therapy without response. In all patients, improvement of skin damage was observed after therapy. A significant decrease of 52% was observed in the mean +/- s.d. clinical severity score, from 6.1 +/- 1.4 before treatment to 2.9 +/- 1.5 after treatment (P = 0.005). Quality of life score (0 = no effect, 100 = maximum effect on quality of life) showed a mean improvement of 46%, from 42.8 +/- 23.1 before to 23 +/- 16.5 after treatment (P = 0.008). According to the patients' assessment of the response to treatment, 50% qualified as marked improvement, 40% moderate and 10% slight improvement. The treatment was well tolerated; adverse reactions consisted of minimal erythema and pruritus, which resolved without any further action. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that pimecrolimus cream for discoid lupus erythematosus seems to be a safe and clinically effective option. However, this was an open and uncontrolled study, and double-blind, placebo-controlled studies are needed.

Matrix-effects of vegetable commodities in electron-capture detection applied to pesticide multiresidue analysis.

The influence of the sample matrix in the analysis of pesticides in vegetable samples has been studied in order to determine if the matrix content introduces a systematic or proportional (or both) bias in the measurements. Experiments have been carried out during a 4-month period, in which calibration curves, prepared in solvent and in vegetable matrix, were prepared and analysed. A statistical treatment has been applied in order to: (i) check the stability of such calibrations during the period studied; (ii) compare both solvent and matrix-matched calibrations; and (iii) obtain a correction function. Applying the correction function to the results obtained with a solvent calibration it is possible to make a prediction of the values obtained applying a matrix-matched calibration. The performance of the correction function has been validated with recovery data. Finally the uncertainty derived from the use of each calibration plot and the correction function has been calculated.

Residues of methamidofos, malathion, and methiocarb in greenhouse crops.

The diminution of methamidofos, malathion, and methiocarb in different crops grown in greenhouses has been studied, including the presence of metabolites such as malaoxon, methiocarb sulfoxide, and methiocarb sulfone. The analytical method is based on dichloromethane extraction and GC-PFPD analysis. It has been validated establishing performance parameters such as recovery rates, precision, linear ranges, and limits of detection and quantification, which are low enough for ensuring that their corresponding MLRs can be adequately quantified. Samples of treated cucumbers and peppers grown in greenhouses were collected and analyzed during a 15-day period for obtaining the diminution rates of methamidofos and malathion. The behavior of methiocarb in treated green beans and tomatoes has been studied using analysis of variance (ANOVA) as the statistical tool, for establishing the influence of crop, season, application dose, and greenhouse design.

Evaluation of endosulfan residues in vegetables grown in greenhouses.

The reduction in residue levels of endosulfan with time after treatment of tomatoes, green beans, peppers and cucumbers grown in different types of commercial greenhouses (flat- and asymmetric-roof greenhouses) in Almería (Spain) was investigated. A study of the major and minor degradation products of endosulfan in peppers and cucumbers (endosulfan-sulfate, -ether and -lactone) was carried out using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). To establish the influence of environmental conditions on the degradation of endosulfan, several field trials have been carried out in which crops were sprayed at different rates (full, half- and quarter- of those rates recommended) during two seasons (spring and winter). For statistical purposes, the disappearance of endosulfan with time was considered to follow a pseudo-first-order reaction. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been applied to the results obtained. Half-lives of residue disappearance were 4.03-4.68 days in green beans, 4.03-4.20 days in tomatoes, 8.22 days in peppers and 7.97 days in cucumbers. Half-lives in spring were shorter than in the winter season. The application rate and the type of greenhouse did not influence the half-lives.

EtOH self-administration on shuttle box avoidance learning and extinction in rats.

The effects of ethanol on the acquisition and extinction of the two-way active avoidance response were examined in adult, male Wistar rats from two treatment groups, oral self-administration of alcohol solution (10% v/v ethanol and 3% w/v glucose in distilled water) and oral self-administration of control solution (3% w/v glucose in distilled water). Alcohol or control solutions were available 1 h per day during 15 days simultaneously with food, with free water for the rest of the day. Blood was drawn in the last day of this phase to evaluate blood ethanol levels (BEL). After this period, rats were tested in a two-bottle paradigm for 1 h per day and placed in a shuttle box immediately afterwards. This phase went lasted for 10 days. Subjects were trained to avoid an electric foot shock in the first 5 days (15 trials per day). Following this, half of the subjects were tested in an "easy extinction with punishment" (EEP) and the other half in a "difficult extinction with punishment" (DEP) of the avoidance response for the last 5 days. Alcohol accelerates the avoidance responding acquisition, and no significant effects of alcohol were seen in the extinction phase. Data are discussed in terms of the specificity of the effects of alcohol on learning.

Effects of bromocriptine on self-administration of sweetened ethanol solutions in rats.

The effect of bromocriptine (BRO), a D2 receptor agonist, on chronic oral ethanol (ETOH) self-administration was tested in a home-cage environment. Male Wistar rats (n = 77) were food deprived for 24 h. Then, a period of 15 days of limited-access (1 h/day) to food and to a sweetened ETOH solution was started [3% w/v of glucose and several concentrations of ETOH depending upon the group: 0% (control group). 1.5%, 5% or 10% v/v]. Later, another period started in which rats were maintained in a free-choice, two-bottle situation with food, tap-water and the sweetened solution available for 24 h/day, for 14 days. Following this period, BRO (5 mg/kg, SC) was administered, once daily, for 5 days, in the same continuous free-access conditions. ETOH consumption was also studied for 4 days after the last BRO injection. BRO increased ETOH self-administration throughout the 5-day period, regardless of the ETOH concentration available, in the rats with previous higher ETOH intake, without effect in the control animals. In the control rats, water intake was increased, whereas in the group that had access to the lowest ETOH concentration a decrease in water consumption was found. The enhanced ETOH drinking was maintained after BRO treatment for the animals with previous higher ETOH intake. BRO effects on water consumption were also maintained. These data suggest that BRO can potentiate ETOH intake and provide further support for the role of dopamine (DA) systems in mediating volitional oral intake of ETOH.