RESUMO
The objectives of this study were to determine if weaning would induce behavioral and physiological indicators of a negative affective state, and if supplementation of inactivated Lactobacillus helveticus (ILH) to dairy calves would reduce those indicators of negative affect during weaning. Male Holstein calves (n = 23) were enrolled in the study on d 1 of life. The calves were housed in individual pens in 1 of 4 rooms for the 42 d study. Calves began a stepdown weaning from 9 L/d of milk replacer (MR), at 150 g of MR powder/L, on d 35 and received 6 L/d on d 35 - 36, 3 L/d on d 37 - 38, and 0.4 L/d on d 39 - 42. The MR was divided between 3 meals/d until the last 0.4 L/d phase which was divided between 2 meals/d. Calves had ad libitum water access throughout the study and calf starter from d 28 onwards. Within room, calves were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) control (CON; n = 11) and 2) 5 g of ILH/d split over and mixed into the 0800 h and 2000 h milk feedings from d 3-42 (ILH; n = 12). Lying behavior was recorded using HOBO data loggers from d 21-41. On d 33, 37 and 41, infrared eye images were taken to determine maximum eye temperature (MET), saliva samples were collected to determine cortisol concentration, and play assessments were conducted to quantify play behavior. On d 34, 38, and 42, blood samples were collected to determine blood serotonin concentration, whereas on d 38 and 39, calves were tested with a cognitive task. A subset of calves (n = 5/treatment) were euthanized to collect gut and brain tissue samples for serotonin concentration on d 43. Weaning resulted in fewer (d 37-41, tendency: d 36), but longer (d 38-41, tendency: d 37), lying bouts and reduced play (d 41), although no changes in lying time, MET, saliva cortisol, nor blood serotonin were detected with initiation of weaning. Supplementation of ILH was associated with lower lying time throughout the study, and reduced play duration and higher salivary cortisol and MET during weaning. No differences in lying bouts, play count, blood and tissue (colon, ileum, prefrontal cortex and brain stem) serotonin concentration, and time to complete the cognitive task were detected between the treatments. Overall, weaning induced behavioral changes indicative of negative affective state, and some behavioral differences were observed with ILH supplementation both before and during weaning, with some physiological changes observed during weaning.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In recent years, scientific interest in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) and remnant cholesterol has increased, focusing on the evidence that these lipoproteins are a causal factor for developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Furthermore, a high remnant concentration (>38 mg/dL) has been associated with several non-cardiovascular risks. We aimed in this study to describe the percentile distribution of remnant cholesterol. Additionally, we evaluated the association between remnant cholesterol plasma concentration and epidemiologically relevant cardio-metabolic outcomes such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and ASCVD. METHODS: We analyzed data from 9,591 adults from the National Survey of Health and Nutrition (ENSANUT) 2018 with fasting blood samples and complete medical history questionnaires. We built multivariate models to evaluate the association between chronic diseases and blood remnant concentration. To compare our 2018-sub-sample against a population reference, we used the NHANES (2005-2014) publicly available datasets by ethnicity. RESULTS: Remnants were independently associated with cardiovascular risk, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. For all outcomes, the blood remnant concentration was a stronger predictor than LDL. At all deciles, the blood remnant concentration was higher in ENSANUT-2018. CONCLUSIONS: A remnant blood concentration above 38 mg/dL was highly prevalent among Mexicans. Remnants were significantly associated with a higher risk of diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cardiovascular risk. This association occurred independently of other lipid markers.
RESUMO
Silver-based antibacterial coatings limit the spread of hospital-acquired infections. Indeed, the use of silver and silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag and AgO NPs) incorporated in amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) as a matrix demonstrates a promising approach to reduce microbial contamination on environmental surfaces. However, its success as an antibacterial coating hinges on the control of Ag+ release. In this sense, if a continuous release is required, an additional barrier is needed to extend the release time of Ag+. Thus, this research investigated the use of a plasma fluoropolymer (CFx) as an additional top layer to elongate Ag+ release and increase the antibacterial activity due to its high hydrophobic nature. Herein, a porous CFx film was deposited on a-C:H containing Ag and AgO NPs using pulsed afterglow low pressure plasma polymerization. The chemical composition, surface wettability and morphology, release profile, and antibacterial activity were analyzed. Overall, the combination of a-C:H:Ag (12.1 at. % of Ag) and CFx film (120.0°, F/C = 0.8) successfully inactivated 88% of E. coli and delayed biofilm formation after 12 h. Thus, using a hybrid approach composed of Ag NPs and a hydrophobic polymeric layer, it was possible to increase the overall antibacterial activity of the coating.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: Three types of circular staplers can be used to perform a colorectal anastomosis: two-row (MCS), three-row (TRCS) and powered (PCS) devices. The objective of this meta-analysis has been to provide the existing evidence on which of these circular staplers would have a lower risk of presenting a leak (AL) and/or anastomotic bleeding (AB). METHODS: An in-depth search was carried out in the electronic bibliographic databases Embase, PubMed and SCOPUS. Observational studies were included, since randomized clinical trials comparing circular staplers were not found. RESULTS: In the case of AL, seven studies met the inclusion criteria in the PCS group and four in the TRCS group. In the case of AB, only four studies could be included in the analysis in the PCS group. The AL OR reported for PCS was 0.402 (95%-confidence interval (95%-CI): 0.266-0.608) and for AB: 0.2 (95% CI: 0.08-0.52). The OR obtained for AL in TRCS was 0.446 (95%-CI: 0.217 to 0.916). Risk difference for AL in PCS was - 0.06 (95% CI: - 0.07 to - 0.04) and in TRCS was - 0.04 (95%-CI: - 0.08 to - 0.01). Subgroup analysis did not report significant differences between groups. On the other hand, the AB OR obtained for PCS was 0.2 (95% CI: 0.08-0.52). In this case, no significant differences were observed in subgroup analysis. CONCLUSION: PCS presented a significantly lower risk of leakage and anastomotic bleeding while TRCS only demonstrated a risk reduction in AL. Risk difference of AL was superior in the PCS than in TRCS.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , Grampeadores Cirúrgicos , Humanos , Anastomose Cirúrgica/métodosAssuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Mpox , Zoonoses , Gestantes , Gravidez , Mpox/diagnóstico , Complicações na GravidezRESUMO
The periparturient period is characterized by the increased demand for calcium (Ca) in dairy cows. This has resulted in the use of several different prepartal nutritional strategies to prevent hypocalcemia postpartum. The objective of our study was to determine the effects of feeding synthetic zeolite A (XZ), a diet with negative dietary cation-anion difference (-DCAD), or a positive-DCAD diet (CON) during the close-up period on peripartal mineral dynamics and hormones involved in calcium metabolism. To this end, 121 multiparous Holstein cows, blocked by lactation number and expected due date, were enrolled at 254 d of gestation and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 prepartum diets: CON (+190 mEq/kg; n = 40), -DCAD (-65 mEq/kg; n = 41), or a diet supplemented with sodium aluminum silicate (XZ; +278 mEq/kg, fed at 3.3% DM, targeting 500 g/d; n = 40; Protekta Inc.). Blood, urine, and saliva samples were collected from enrollment until parturition, with data analyzed and presented beginning 14 d before parturition (d -14) until parturition (d 0), and on d 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 35, and 49 postpartum, to assess mineral and hormone dynamics. Total fecal collections were performed in a subset of 8 cows per treatment group to assess fecal mineral loss. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design in SAS. Cows fed XZ and -DCAD had higher blood Ca concentrations compared with CON-fed cows, with XZ-fed cows exhibiting the highest blood Ca concentrations pre- and postpartum. Cows fed XZ had decreased blood and salivary phosphorus (P), increased fecal water-extractable phosphate, and the highest blood calcium concentrations pre- and postpartum. Parathyroid hormone was unaffected by diet but was increased at parturition in all treatments. Serotonin concentrations were increased in -DCAD and XZ cows compared with CON during the prepartum period. Our data indicate that the XZ group's improvement in blood Ca concentrations pre- and postpartum is most likely regulated by a dietary P restriction. Taken together, these data suggest that XZ and -DCAD diets improve postpartum calcium metabolism; however, they appear to work through different mechanisms.
Assuntos
Cálcio , Cátions , Dieta , Minerais , Zeolitas , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Dieta/veterinária , Zeolitas/farmacologia , Cálcio/metabolismo , Cátions/metabolismo , Minerais/metabolismo , Lactação , Ração Animal , Gravidez , Ânions , Período Pós-Parto , Suplementos NutricionaisRESUMO
The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of feeding 2 different diets, a diet with low dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) or a diet with synthetic zeolite A, to multiparous Holstein cows during the close-up period on dry matter intake (DMI) and energy metabolism, as well as to evaluate colostrum and milk production. A total of 121 multiparous Holstein cows, blocked by lactation number and expected parturition date were enrolled at 254 d of gestation and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments: control (CON; +190 mEq/kg; n = 40), negative DCAD (-DCAD, -65 mEq/kg; n = 41; Ultra Chlor; Vita Plus, Lake Mills, WI), or a diet containing sodium aluminum silicate zeolite (XZ; +278 mEq/kg, fed at 3.3% dry matter, targeting 500 g/d; n = 40; X-Zelit, Protekta Inc., Lucknow, ON, Canada/Vilofoss, Graasten, Denmark). Prepartum DMI was measured daily using Insentec roughage intake control (RIC) gates (RIC System, Holofarm Group, the Netherlands). All cows received the same postpartum diet. Blood and urine samples were collected daily beginning 14 d before parturition (d -14) until parturition (d 0), and on 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 35, and 49 d postpartum. Colostrum collected within 6 h of parturition, weighed, and based on samples' Brix value, IgG concentrations, and nutrient composition were analyzed. Prepartum, cows fed the XZ diet had decreased DMI (11.70 ± 0.26, 13.88 ± 0.26, and 13.45 ± 0.25 kg/d for XZ, CON, and -DCAD, respectively) and lower rumination (487 ± 8.1, 531 ± 8.3, and 527 ± 8.5 min for XZ, CON, and -DCAD, respectively) compared with CON and -DCAD. However, rumination was not different postpartum due to treatment. No prepartum or postpartum differences were observed for glucose or BHB concentrations in blood between dietary treatments. Colostrum collected from cows fed XZ had the highest IgG concentrations (91.10 ± 2.63, 78.00 ± 2.63, and 78.90 ± 2.63 mg/mL for XZ, CON, and -DCAD, respectively), but yield did not differ between dietary treatments. Additionally, cows in their third lactation or greater fed XZ had the highest milk production (51.0 ± 1.1 kg) during the first 49 d in milk. This study demonstrates that despite a decrease in DMI and rumination in cows fed XZ prepartum, blood BHB concentrations were not altered. Additionally, cows fed XZ had higher colostral IgG concentrations and cows in their third lactation or greater fed XZ produced the most milk. These data suggest that feeding XZ prepartum may improve colostrum quality and milk yield in mature cows, and does not affect energy metabolism.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Dieta , Ingestão de Alimentos , Metabolismo Energético , Lactação , Leite , Zeolitas , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Dieta/veterinária , Leite/química , Leite/metabolismo , Zeolitas/farmacologia , Cátions , Colostro/química , Colostro/metabolismo , Ânions , GravidezAssuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Humanos , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/efeitos adversos , Espanha , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Premaxillary protrusion and the performance advantages it confers are implicated in the success of diverse lineages of teleost fishes, such as Cypriniformes and Acanthomorpha. Although premaxillary protrusion has evolved independently at least five times within bony fishes, much of the functional work investigating this kinesis relates to mechanisms found only in these two clades. Few studies have characterized feeding mechanisms in less-diverse premaxilla-protruding lineages and fewer yet have investigated the distinctive anatomy underlying jaw kinesis in these lineages. Here, we integrated dissection, clearing and staining, histology, micro-CT, and high-speed videography to investigate an isolated and independent origin of jaw protrusion in the hingemouth, Phractolaemus ansorgii, which employs a complex arrangement of bones, musculature, and connective tissues to feed on benthic detritus via a deployable proboscis. Our goals were to provide an integrative account of the underlying architecture of P. ansorgii's feeding apparatus and to assess the functional consequences of this drastic deviation from the more typical teleost condition. Phractolaemus ansorgii's cranial anatomy is distinct from all other fishes in that its adducted lower jaw is caudally oriented, and it possesses a mouth at the terminal end of an elongated, tube-like proboscis that is unique in its lack of skeletal support from the oral jaws. Instead, its mouth is supported primarily by hyaline-cell cartilage and other rigid connective tissues, and features highly flexible lips that are covered in rows of keratinous unculi. Concomitant changes to the adductor musculature likely allow for the flexibility to protrude the mouth dorsally and ventrally as observed during different feeding behaviors, while the intrinsic compliance of the lips allows for more effective scraping of irregular surfaces. From our feeding videos, we find that P. ansorgii is capable of modulating the distance of protrusion, with maximum anterior protrusion exceeding 30% of head length. This represents a previously undescribed example of extreme jaw protrusion on par with many acanthomorph species. Protrusion is much slower in P. ansorgii-reaching an average speed of 2.74 cm/s-compared to acanthomorphs feeding on elusive prey or even benthivorous cypriniforms. However, this reorganization of cranial anatomy may reflect a greater need for dexterity to forage more precisely in multiple directions and on a wide variety of surface textures. Although this highly modified mechanism may have limited versatility over evolutionary timescales, it has persisted in solitude within Gonorynchiformes, representing a novel functional solution for benthic feeding in tropical West African rivers.
Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar , Arcada Osseodentária , Animais , Arcada Osseodentária/anatomia & histologia , Arcada Osseodentária/fisiologia , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Peixes/anatomia & histologia , Peixes/fisiologia , Microtomografia por Raio-XRESUMO
One of the main issues that real energy converters present, when they produce effective work, is the inevitable entropy production. Within the context of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, entropy production tends to energetically degrade human-made or living systems. On the other hand, it is not useful to think about designing an energy converter that works in the so-called minimum entropy production regime since the effective power output and efficiency are zero. In this paper we establish some energy conversion theorems similar to Prigogine's theorem with constrained forces. The purpose of these theorems is to reveal trade-offs between design and the so-called operation modes for (2×2)-linear isothermal energy converters. The objective functions that give rise to those thermodynamic constraints show stability. A two-mesh electric circuit was built as an example to demonstrate the theorems' validity. Likewise, we reveal a type of energetic hierarchy for power output, efficiency, and dissipation function when the circuit is tuned to any of the operating regimes studied here. These are maximum power output (MPO), maximum efficient power (MPη), maximum omega function (MΩ), maximum ecological function (MEF), maximum efficiency (Mη), and minimum dissipation function (mdf).
RESUMO
Objetivo: Se realizó un metaanálisis para evaluar los resultados clínico-funcionales de la cirugía de ligamento cruzado anterior en militares, así como las complicaciones asociadas a la misma. Material y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en las 3 principales fuentes de bases de datos hasta diciembre de 2022 (PubMed, Google Scholar y ScienceDirect) en cuanto a los resultados tras la cirugía de ligamento cruzado anterior en personal militar. La revisión sistemática se realizó siguiendo las normas Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses PRISMA, y los criterios de inclusión siguieron la estrategia PICO. Los datos de los estudios incluidos se analizaron mediante el software Review Manager 5.4. Resultados: Se seleccionaron un total de 7 estudios retrospectivos. La tasa general de retorno a la actividad completa en el personal militar fue del 62,3% (61,5% para el grupo de no oficiales frente a 68,3% para el grupo de oficiales), sin ser esta diferencia significativa (p=0,92). La tasa general de lesión meniscal en los militares fue del 58,8%, sin ser esta diferencia significativa (p=0,88). La homogeneidad en ambos casos fue buena (I2=0%, p=0,99). Conclusión: El regreso a la actividad militar completa puede usarse en la población militar como un marcador de éxito después de una reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior. Hay que destacar que una gran cantidad de militares experimentan limitaciones permanentes en la actividad que impiden el regreso completo al servicio.(AU)
Objective: A meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the clinical-functional results of anterior cruciate ligament surgery in military population, as well as the complications associated with it. Material and method: Three major database sources up to December 2022 (PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect) were searched for outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament surgery in military personnel. The systematic review was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses PRISMA standards, and the inclusion criteria following the PICO strategy. Data from included studies were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4 software. Results: A total of 7 retrospective studies were selected. The general rate of return to full duty in military personnel was 62.3% (61.5% for the non-officer group vs. 68.3% for the officer group) without this difference being significant (p=0.92). The general rate of meniscal injury in the military was 58.8%, without this difference being significant (p=0.88). The homogeneity in both cases was good (I2=0%, p=0.99). Conclusion: Return to full military duty can be used in the military population as a marker of success after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. It should be noted that a large number of military personnel experience permanent activity limitations that prevent full return to service.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirurgia , Retorno ao Trabalho , Militares , Traumatologia , Ortopedia , Procedimentos OrtopédicosRESUMO
Objetivo: Se realizó un metaanálisis para evaluar los resultados clínico-funcionales de la cirugía de ligamento cruzado anterior en militares, así como las complicaciones asociadas a la misma. Material y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en las 3 principales fuentes de bases de datos hasta diciembre de 2022 (PubMed, Google Scholar y ScienceDirect) en cuanto a los resultados tras la cirugía de ligamento cruzado anterior en personal militar. La revisión sistemática se realizó siguiendo las normas Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses PRISMA, y los criterios de inclusión siguieron la estrategia PICO. Los datos de los estudios incluidos se analizaron mediante el software Review Manager 5.4. Resultados: Se seleccionaron un total de 7 estudios retrospectivos. La tasa general de retorno a la actividad completa en el personal militar fue del 62,3% (61,5% para el grupo de no oficiales frente a 68,3% para el grupo de oficiales), sin ser esta diferencia significativa (p=0,92). La tasa general de lesión meniscal en los militares fue del 58,8%, sin ser esta diferencia significativa (p=0,88). La homogeneidad en ambos casos fue buena (I2=0%, p=0,99). Conclusión: El regreso a la actividad militar completa puede usarse en la población militar como un marcador de éxito después de una reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior. Hay que destacar que una gran cantidad de militares experimentan limitaciones permanentes en la actividad que impiden el regreso completo al servicio.(AU)
Objective: A meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the clinical-functional results of anterior cruciate ligament surgery in military population, as well as the complications associated with it. Material and method: Three major database sources up to December 2022 (PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect) were searched for outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament surgery in military personnel. The systematic review was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses PRISMA standards, and the inclusion criteria following the PICO strategy. Data from included studies were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4 software. Results: A total of 7 retrospective studies were selected. The general rate of return to full duty in military personnel was 62.3% (61.5% for the non-officer group vs. 68.3% for the officer group) without this difference being significant (p=0.92). The general rate of meniscal injury in the military was 58.8%, without this difference being significant (p=0.88). The homogeneity in both cases was good (I2=0%, p=0.99). Conclusion: Return to full military duty can be used in the military population as a marker of success after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. It should be noted that a large number of military personnel experience permanent activity limitations that prevent full return to service.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirurgia , Retorno ao Trabalho , Militares , Traumatologia , Ortopedia , Procedimentos OrtopédicosRESUMO
The onset of lactation is characterized by substantially altered calcium (Ca) metabolism; recently, emphasis has been placed on understanding the dynamics of blood Ca in the peripartal cow in response to this change. Thus, the aim of our study was to delineate how prepartum dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) diets and the magnitude of Ca decline at the onset of lactation altered blood Ca dynamics in the periparturient cow. Thirty-two multiparous Holstein cows were blocked by parity, previous 305-d milk yield and expected parturition date, and randomly allocated to either a positive (+120 mEq/kg) or negative (-120 mEq/kg) DCAD diet from 251 d of gestation until parturition (n = 16/diet). Immediately after parturition cows were continuously infused for 24 h with (1) an intravenous solution of 10% dextrose or (2) Ca gluconate (CaGlc) to maintain blood ionized (iCa) concentrations at â¼1.2 mM (normocalcemia) to form 4 treatment groups (n = 8/treatment). Blood was sampled every 6 h from 102 h before parturition until 96 h after parturition and every 30 min during 24 h continuous infusion. Cows fed a negative DCAD diet prepartum exhibited a less pronounced decline in blood iCa approaching parturition with lesser magnitude of decline relative to positive DCAD-fed cows. Cows fed a negative DCAD diet prepartum required lower rates of CaGlc infusion to maintain normocalcemia in the 24 h postpartum relative to positive DCAD-fed cows. Infusion of CaGlc disrupted blood Ca and P dynamics in the immediate 24 h after parturition and in the days following infusion. Collectively, these data demonstrate that prepartum negative DCAD diets facilitate a more transient hypocalcemia and improve blood Ca profiles at the onset of lactation whereas CaGlc infusion disrupts mineral metabolism.
Assuntos
Cálcio , Suplementos Nutricionais , Gravidez , Feminino , Bovinos , Animais , Lactação/fisiologia , Dieta/veterinária , Cálcio da Dieta , Período Pós-Parto/metabolismo , Ânions , Minerais/metabolismo , Cátions , Ração Animal/análiseRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: A meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the clinical-functional results of anterior cruciate ligament surgery in military population, as well as the complications associated with it. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Three major database sources up to December 2022 (PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect) were searched for outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament surgery in military personnel. The systematic review was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses -PRISMA- standards, and the inclusion criteria following the PICO strategy. Data from included studies were analysed using Review Manager 5.4 software. RESULTS: A total of seven retrospective studies were selected. The general rate of return to full duty in military personnel was 62.3% (61.5% for the non-officer group versus 68.3% for the officer group) without this difference being significant (p=0.92). The general rate of meniscal injury in the military was 58.8%, without this difference being significant (p=0.88). The homogeneity in both cases was good (I2=0%, p=0.99). CONCLUSION: Return to full military duty can be used in the military population as a marker of success after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. It should be noted that a large number of military personnel experience permanent activity limitations that prevent full return to service.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: A meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the clinical-functional results of anterior cruciate ligament surgery in military population, as well as the complications associated with it. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Three major database sources up to December 2022 (PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect) were searched for outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament surgery in military personnel. The systematic review was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses -PRISMA- standards, and the inclusion criteria following the PICO strategy. Data from included studies were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4 software. RESULTS: A total of 7 retrospective studies were selected. The general rate of return to full duty in military personnel was 62.3% (61.5% for the non-officer group vs. 68.3% for the officer group) without this difference being significant (p=0.92). The general rate of meniscal injury in the military was 58.8%, without this difference being significant (p=0.88). The homogeneity in both cases was good (I2=0%, p=0.99). CONCLUSION: Return to full military duty can be used in the military population as a marker of success after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. It should be noted that a large number of military personnel experience permanent activity limitations that prevent full return to service.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ischaemic stroke may be a major complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Studying and characterising the different aetiological subtypes, clinical characteristics, and functional outcomes may be valuable in guiding patient selection for optimal management and treatment. METHODS: Data were collected retrospectively on consecutive patients with COVID-19 who developed acute focal brain ischaemia (between 1 March and 19 April 2020) at a tertiary university hospital in Madrid (Spain). RESULTS: During the study period, 1594 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19. We found 22 patients with ischaemic stroke (1.38%), 6 of whom did not meet the inclusion criteria. The remaining 16 patients were included in the study (15 cases of ischaemic stroke and one case of transient ischaemic attack). Median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 9 (interquartile range: 16), and mean (standard deviation) age was 73 years (12.8). Twelve patients (75%) were men. Mean time from COVID-19 symptom onset to stroke onset was 13 days. Large vessel occlusion was identified in 12 patients (75%). We detected elevated levels of D-dimer in 87.5% of patients and C-reactive protein in 81.2%. The main aetiology was atherothrombotic stroke (9 patients, 56.3%), with the predominant subtype being endoluminal thrombus (5 patients, 31.2%), involving the internal carotid artery in 4 cases and the aortic arch in one. The mortality rate in our series was 44% (7 of 16 patients). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with COVID-19, the most frequent stroke aetiology was atherothrombosis, with a high proportion of endoluminal thrombus (31.2% of patients). Our clinical and laboratory data support COVID-19-associated coagulopathy as a relevant pathophysiological mechanism for ischaemic stroke in these patients.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica , COVID-19 , AVC Isquêmico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Trombose , Estados Unidos , Masculino , Humanos , Idoso , Feminino , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Isquemia Encefálica/etiologia , Isquemia Encefálica/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , COVID-19/complicações , SARS-CoV-2 , AVC Isquêmico/etiologia , AVC Isquêmico/complicações , Trombose/epidemiologia , Trombose/etiologiaRESUMO
Vascular hyperplasia is a common finding in prurigo nodularis/lichen simplex chronicus (LSC). The term prurigiform angiomatosis was recently proposed to describe a histologic pattern characterized by prominent vascular hyperplasia in patients with LSC. The aim of this study was to identify cases of LSC with this pattern and analyze associations with clinical and pathologic features and disease course. We reviewed 54 cases of histologically confirmed LSC and detected findings consistent with prurigiform angiomatosis in 10 (18.5%). The patients (7 men, 3 women) had a mean age of 59.7 years. The lesions were pruritic and predominantly located on the extremities and trunk. The most notable histologic finding was vascular proliferation in the superficial dermis associated with a lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate. Recognition of prurigiform angiomatosis is important as it helps not only to distinguish LSC from other entities (mainly vascular tumors) but also to detect lesions that need to be surgically excised due to poor response to topical treatment.
RESUMO
Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is an ultra-rare disease that seldom occurs in the elderly. Few reports have studied the clinical course of iTTP in older patients. In this study, we have analysed the clinical characteristics at presentation and response to therapy in a series of 44 patients with iTTP ≥60 years at diagnosis from the Spanish TTP Registry and compared them with 209 patients with <60 years at diagnosis from the same Registry. Similar symptoms and laboratory results were described in both groups, except for a higher incidence of renal dysfunction among older patients (23% vs. 43.1%; p = 0.008). Front-line treatment in patients ≥60 years was like that administered in younger patients. Also, no evidence of a difference in clinical response and overall survival was seen in both groups. Of note, 14 and 25 patients ≥60 years received treatment with caplacizumab and rituximab, respectively, showing a favourable safety and efficacy profile, like that observed in patients <60 years.
Assuntos
Púrpura Trombocitopênica Idiopática , Púrpura Trombocitopênica Trombótica , Trombose , Humanos , Idoso , Púrpura Trombocitopênica Trombótica/diagnóstico , Púrpura Trombocitopênica Trombótica/epidemiologia , Púrpura Trombocitopênica Trombótica/terapia , Púrpura Trombocitopênica Idiopática/terapia , Rituximab/uso terapêutico , Trombose/terapia , Troca Plasmática , Sistema de Registros , Proteína ADAMTS13RESUMO
An efficient genetic transformation protocol is necessary to edit genes for trait improvement directly in elite bread wheat cultivars. We used a protein fusion between a wheat growth-regulating factor 4 (GRF4) and its interacting factor (GIF1) to develop a reproducible genetic transformation and regeneration protocol, which we then used to successfully transform elite bread wheat cultivars Baj, Kachu, Morocco, Reedling, RL6077, and Sujata in addition to the experimental cultivar Fielder. Immature embryos were transformed with the vector using particle bombardment method. Transformation frequency increased nearly 60-fold with the GRF4-GIF1-containing vectors as compared to the control vector and ranged from ~5% in the cultivar Kachu to 13% in the cultivar RL6077. We then edited two genes that confer resistance against leaf rust and powdery mildew directly in the aforementioned elite cultivars. A wheat promoter, TaU3 or TaU6, to drive the expression of guide RNA was effective in gene editing whereas the OsU3 promoter failed to generate any edits. Editing efficiency was nearly perfect with the wheat promoters. Our protocol has made it possible to edit genes directly in elite wheat cultivars and would be useful for gene editing in other wheat varieties, which have been recalcitrant to transformation thus far.