Optic neuromyelitis after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.

Neuromyelitis optica is an autoimmune demyelinating astrocytopathy of the central nervous system that primarily affects the optic nerve and spinal cord. It is considered a multifactorial disease associated with antibodies against aquaporin 4, with complement cascade activation and lymphocytic infiltration leading to axonal loss and causing significant morbidity and disability. In addition, cases of inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system have been described after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, mainly acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Also, a few cases of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, mostly aquaporin 4+, have been reported. We describe a patient who developed symptoms suggestive of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis the next day after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Three months later, a longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis compatible with aquaporin 4+ neuromyelitis optica was successfully treated with an interleukin 6 inhibitor. There is no proven association and research is needed to establish whether optic neuromyelitis is related to vaccination; this is a single case report from which no conclusion can be drawn.

Unusual complication of Herpes simplex encephalitis: complete Klüver-Bucy syndrome.

Klüver-Bucy syndrome is a rare neurobehavioral disorder caused by a bilateral temporal lobe lesion affecting the hippocampus and amygdala; clinically characterised by hyperorality, hypermetamorphosis, placidity, altered sexual behaviour, eating, disorders and visual impairment, agnosia and amnesia. However, the complete syndrome is rarely seen, and diagnosis does not require all the symptoms to be manifested simultaneously.We describe a patient who developed a complete Klüver-Bucy syndrome secondary to bilateral temporal involvement due to herpetic encephalitis.