Estudio sobre la prevalencia de la lactancia materna en los centros de salud del Val Miñor / Study on the prevalence of breastfeeding in the health centres of Val Miñor

Introducción: la leche materna cubre las necesidades alimenticias del lactante hasta los seis meses de vida, no precisando en este periodo ningún otro aporte suplementario si no hay contraindicación al respecto. No obstante, y a pesar de que la mayoría de las madres cuando deja el hospital ofrece a sus hijos lactancia materna, estos índices bajan de forma alarmante en los siguientes meses de vida del recién nacido. Los objetivos principales han sido elevar la prevalenciade lactancia materna en el Val Miñor (Pontevedra), así como determinar en qué momento se introduce la lactancia artificial. Material y métodos: esta investigación presenta un diseño descriptivo pre-test/post-testsin grupo de control. Fueron entrevistadas todas las madres que acudían a la consulta de Pediatría de los centros de salud del Val Miñor en marzo de 2007 y 2008 (n = 358 y n = 407, respectivamente), sobre qué tipo de alimentación ofrecían a sus hijos. Entre estas dos fechas sellevó a cabo una campaña de información y sensibilización sobre los beneficios de la lactancia materna. Resultados: los resultados ofrecen una evidente mejoría en los índices de lactancia materna, alcanzándose unos índices del 79,2%, 54,5% y 22,2% en las madres entrevistadas en 2008 con hijos de 1 mes, 3-4 meses y 6 meses respectivamente. Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos están en concordancia con los encontrados por otros autores y muestran una inquietante disminución en los índices de lactancia materna a medida que el niño va creciendo (AU)

Introduction: breast milk covers the nutritional needs of the infant during the first six months of life, making unnecessary any other supplementary food unless any contraindication exists. Nevertheless, although most mothers when discharged from hospital offer their babies breast milk, the rates drop dramatically in the next months of life. The main objectives of this study have been to raise breastfeeding prevalence in Val Miñor (Pontevedra), as well as to assesin what moment is formula milk introduced. Material and methods: this research has a descriptive pre-test/post-test design without acontrol group. All mothers attending the pediatric offices of Val Miñor health centres in March2007 and 2008 (n = 358 and n = 407 respectively) were interviewed on what kind of food they gave their children. A campaign of information and sensitization on the benefits of breastfeeding was implemented between these two dates. Results: the results show a clear improvement in breastfeeding rates reaching 79.2%,54.5% and 22.2% in interviewed mothers of children one, three to four and six months old respectively. Conclusions: the obtained results are in line with other authors’ and show a worrying dropin breastfeeding rates as the infant grows (AU)

[A retrospective study on tuberculin in children under 19]. / Estudio retrospectivo sobre la tuberculina en niños menores de 19 años.

The objective of this study was to describe the tuberculin test (TT) in children younger than 19 years of age, including the analysis of the utility of a negative TT and to verify the effect of age and BCG vaccination on the TT. To this end, we reviewed the results of the TTs performed during the last 9 years. We classified the TT according to age, BCG vaccination and the reason why the TT was performed. We made graphics of the TT results (GT) and extracted graphics of the TT in children infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (CTI) from the GT. We then calculated the probability of a child being infected and having a negative TT (BCG vaccinated: < 15 mm., non BCG vaccinated: < 5 mm). We compared the GT of children 1 year old and children 2 to 18 years of age. We also compared the GT of BCG vaccinated children with the GT of non-vaccinated children. Variance homogeneity tests were used to make comparisons. The results were the following: TT: 20,555. GT (1 year): The number of TT descends, while the induration size augments. GT (2 to 18 years) The number of TT descends while the induration size augments until reaching a size when the frequency of TT begins to increase again, with a maximum of 15 mm. The frequency then decreases again. CTI (2 to 18 years): mean: 15 mm with a standard deviation of +/- 4.8 mm for BCG vaccinated children and +/- 5.2 mm for non-vaccinated children. With these figures, we calculated that 50% of BCG vaccinated infected children and 3% of non-vaccinated infected children have a negative T test. The GT of children 1 year of age were different from the GT of children 2 to 18 years old (p < 0.001). The GT of non-vaccinated children younger than 14 years of age was different from the GT of non-vaccinated children (p < 0.001). we conclude that there is a difference between T tests in children 1 year of age in comparison to those between 2 and 18 years of age. In BCG vaccinated children, 2 to 18 years old, a negative T test did not identify 50% of infected children. BCG vaccination influences T tests in children younger than 14 years of age.

[Calcification of hepatic metastasis in neuroblastoma IV-S]. / Calcificación de metástasis hepáticas en el neuroblastoma IV-S.

We describe a patient diagnosed of neuroblastoma IV-S who presented a hepatic calcification during the treatment. The different possibilities of hepatic calcification in the first year of life are commented.

[Neuroblastoma IV-S. A series of 7 cases]. / Neuroblastomas IV-S. Serie de siete casos.

A review of the findings in seven cases of stage IV-S neuroblastoma, that have been observed between 1966 and 1984. Patients under one year stage IV-S neuroblastoma have a favorable prognosis; survival rate was 71%. Primary tumor in some may be relatively small. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy may not be necessary in the management of certain children.