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1.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 11(44): 639-655, oct.-dic. 2009. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-76294

RESUMO

Las cardiopatías congénitas son frecuentes, pero la mayoría son leves y no requierencuidados pediátricos especiales. En España y otros países desarrollados, las que los necesitanson corregidas pronto, se limita su período sintomático y generalmente presentan pocassecuelas. Por todo ello, el seguimiento de los niños con cardiopatía congénita en AtenciónPrimaria ocasiona poca carga asistencial. Sin embargo, para algunos pacientes, como losque tienen defectos más complejos, los cuidados pediátricos son importantes. En este trabajose revisan los conocimientos actuales al respecto(AU)


Congenital heart diseases are frequent, but most of them are minor and do not requirespecial pediatric care. In Spain and other developed countries those who need it are correctedsoon, limiting the symptom’s period and usually have with few sequelae. For these reasons,the follow up of children with congenital heart diseases suppose little work load for the primarycare units. Nevertheless, pediatric care is important for some patients, like those who havemore complex defects. The current knowledge about this subject is reviewed in this paper(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Cardiopatias Congênitas/complicações , Alimentos , Necessidades Nutricionais , Anemia Ferropriva/complicações , Anemia Ferropriva/diagnóstico , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Espanha/epidemiologia , Cardiopatias/dietoterapia , Cardiopatias/diagnóstico , Desnutrição/complicações , Desnutrição/etiologia , Furosemida/efeitos adversos , Digoxina/efeitos adversos
2.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 10(38): 267-286, abr.-jun. 2008. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68415

RESUMO

En nuestra experiencia, las infestaciones por piojos de la cabeza son ahora más frecuentes y difíciles de tratar que años atrás. Probablemente se debe al incremento de resistencias a los insecticidas clásicos, documentado en muchos países1,2. Pueden influir otros factores, como la falta de estudios clínicos que avalen las pautas de aplicación y resultados de muchos de los productos comercializados en España, y la falta de control médico sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Nuestros objetivos son: 1. Revisar la biología del parásito, especialmente los aspectos de mayor utilidad para el tratamiento. 2. Actualizar el tratamiento. 3. Recopilar los productos comercializados en España


Head lice infestations are, in our experience, more frequent and difficult to treat today than in the past. This is probably due to the increasing resistance to classical insecticides, documented in many countries1,2. Other factors can also be of influence, such as the lack of clinical studies validating the application guidelines and the results of many of the products sold in Spain, and the lack of medical control on diagnosis and treatment. Our objectives are to: 1. Review the biology of the parasite, especially the aspects of greatest utility for the treatment. 2. Update treatments. 3. To compile the products sold in Spain


Assuntos
Humanos , Infestações por Piolhos/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/tratamento farmacológico , Infestações por Piolhos/epidemiologia , Ftirápteros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Terapias Complementares , Inseticidas/uso terapêutico
3.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 8(supl.8): s217-s239, oct.-dic. 2006. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-051103

RESUMO

Objetivos: determinar los conocimientos diagnósticos sobre trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) en un grupo de pediatras de Atención Primaria de varias áreas de salud de Madrid; su forma de proceder ante niños con sospecha de trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad; si hay relación entre su forma de proceder y sus conocimientos diagnósticos, y, finalmente, si existen diferencias entre los pediatras de Atención Primaria de diferentes áreas de salud. Métodos: se dirigió una encuesta a los 221 pediatras de Atención Primaria de las Áreas 6, 8 y 9 de Madrid en el año 2005. Consideramos que tenían un nivel suficiente de conocimientos diagnósticos sobre TDAH cuando utilizaban criterios diagnósticos estandarizados. Resultados: respondieron 104 (47%). Hubo diferencias significativas entre las tres áreas por tipo de titulación (pediatra por vía MIR o pediatra por vía no MIR, o médico no especialista en Pediatría), pero no por tipo de contrato laboral (interino o fijo) o media de pacientes atendidos al día. 1. Conocimientos diagnósticos: el 86% conoce los tres síntomas fundamentales del TDAH. El 61% conoce los criterios diagnósticos DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) o CIE (Clasificación Internacional de las Enfermedades), pero sólo el 41% del total los usa. El 82% de los que usan criterios diagnósticos prefiere los DSM. No hubo diferencias entre áreas. 2. Forma de proceder: ante la sospecha diagnóstica, el 52% deriva a todos al neurólogo o psiquiatra. El 72% nunca inicia un tratamiento farmacológico sin consulta previa a estos especialistas. Se observó una clara diferencia (p 0,0071) entre las áreas por lo que respecta a los médicos que ponen o no tratamiento farmacológico sin consulta previa al neurólogo o psiquiatra: nunca lo hacen el 81% en las Áreas 6 y 9, frente al 42% en la 8. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre áreas en el control de la evolución de los niños con TDAH tratados con fármacos: el 17% se limita a hacer las recetas, el 61% los controla de forma no reglada y sólo un 22% los controla de forma más o menos reglada. 3. Forma de proceder según uso o no de criterios diagnósticos (DSM o CIE): los pediatras que usan estos criterios diagnósticos derivan menos al neurólogo o psiquiatra (p 0,0056), administran más frecuentemente tratamiento farmacológico sin consulta previa a dichos especialistas (p 0,0009) y controlan de forma más reglada la evolución de los pacientes en tratamiento farmacológico (p 0,0005) que los pediatras que no los usan. Conclusiones 1. Solamente el 41% de los pediatras de Atención Primaria participantes tiene conocimientos diagnósticos suficientes sobre TDAH. 2. La mayoría deriva a todos o a bastantes niños con sospecha de TDAH al neurólogo o psiquiatra; no pone nunca o sólo a veces tratamiento farmacológico sin consulta previa a dichos especialistas y controla de forma no reglada a los niños que reciben tratamiento farmacológico. 3. Los que utilizan criterios diagnósticos DSM o CIE derivan menos al neurólogo o psiquiatra, inician con mayor frecuencia tratamiento farmacológico sin consulta previa a estos especialistas y controlan a los pacientes que reciben tratamiento farmacológico de forma más reglada que los que no usan criterios. 4. No hubo diferencias entre áreas sobre conocimientos diagnósticos, pero sí en la forma de proceder: En el Área 8 derivan menos veces y especialmente inician más veces un tratamiento farmacológico sin consulta previa que en la 6 o en la 9


Objective: to determine the diagnosis knowledge of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a group of Primary Care paediatricians from several Health Areas of Madrid; paediatricians way to proceed with children suspected to have ADHD; to determine if there is any association between paediatricians way to proceed and their knowledge of diagnosis; and if there are any differences between Primary Care paediatricians from different Health Areas of Madrid. Methods: a survey was conducted among 221 Primary Care paediatricians from the Areas 6, 8 and 9 of Madrid, in 2005. We consider these paediatricians had enough level in the knowledge of diagnosis of ADHD when they used standardized diagnostic criteria. Results: 104 paediatricians answered (47%). There were significant differences among the three areas in the type of professional qualification (MIR paediatrician or no MIR paediatrician or physician but not paediatrician), but not in the type of contract (temporary or permanent), or average of patients visited per day. 1. Knowledge of diagnosis: 86% have knowledge of three main symptoms of ADHD. 61% have knowledge of diagnostic criteria on DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) or ICE (International Classification of Disease), but only 41% of the participants use these criteria. 82% of the paediatricians that use diagnostic criteria prefer the DSM ones. There were no significant differences among the areas. 2. Way to proceed: when a suspected diagnosis, 52% of the participants send all patients to the neurologist or the psychiatrist. 72% never start medical treatment without previous consult to these specialists. To this respect a clear difference was found (p 0.0071) among the three areas: in the Areas 6 and 9, 81% never treat patients before consulting specialists, but only 42% in the Area 8. There were no significant differences among the Areas in the control of the evolution of patients with ADHD treated with medication: 17% of the participants only prescribe the medication, 61% controls the patients unsystematically, and only 22% controls the patients systematically. 3. Way to proceed according to the use or not of diagnostic criteria (DSM o ICE): Physicians using diagnostic criteria send less patients to the neurologist or the psychiatrist (p 0.0056), start with more frequency medical treatment without previous consult to these specialists (p 0.0009) and control patients under medical treatment more systematically (p 0.0005) than the physicians not using these criteria. Conclusions: 1. Only 41% of the Primary Care participant paediatricians have enough knowledge of diagnosis on ADHD. 2. Most of them send all or a lot of patients suspected of ADHD to the neurologist or psychiatrist. Never or very few times start medical treatment without previous consult to these specialist, and control unsystematically patients under medical treatment. 3. Primary Care paediatricians using diagnostic criteria DSM or ICE send less patients to the neurologist or the psychiatrist, start more frequently medical treatment without previous consult to these specialists, and control patients under medical treatment more systematically than those not using these criteria. 4. There were no significant differences among the three areas respect of the knowledge of diagnosis. There was significant difference, however, in the way to act: in the Area 8, participants send fewer patients to the specialists and specially start medical treatment more often without previous consultation than paediatricians in the Areas 6 and 9


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/terapia , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos
5.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 7(28): 557-578, oct.-dic. 2005. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-69243

RESUMO

Antecedentes: España es uno de los países con mayor consumo de antibióticos de Europa y, por tanto, con mayor nivel de resistencias bacterianas. La mayoría de los antibióticos se prescriben en Atención Primaria, sobre todo para el tratamiento de infecciones respiratorias. Existen pocos datos publicados que permitan evaluar si la prescripción de antibióticos para infecciones respiratorias de los pediatras de Atención Primaria sigue las actuales recomendaciones. Objetivos: evaluar los hábitos de prescripción de antibióticos para infecciones respiratorias entre pediatras de Atención Primaria de Madrid. Como objetivos secundarios, determinar las fuentes de información de los pediatras sobre el uso de antibióticos y la influencia de los padres sobre la prescripción. Método: se diseñó una encuesta anónima con las siguientes preguntas: 8 referentes al médico y su trabajo, 2 sobre la influencia de los padres en la prescripción de antibióticos, 2 sobre fuentes de información del médico en materia de uso de antibióticos y, finalmente, 35 preguntas para evaluar el tratamiento de nueve casos clínicos de infecciones respiratorias comunes (todos ellos con diagnóstico abierto). En una primera fase, la encuesta impresa fue enviada al 20% de los pediatras de Atención Primaria de Madrid, seleccionados al azar. En una segunda fase, el 80% restante fue invitado mediante carta personal a responder a la misma encuesta a través de intra o internet. Resultados y conclusiones: respondieron 144 (19,2% del total de pediatras de Atención Primaria de Madrid), 71 de los 137 (52%) seleccionados en la primera fase (encuesta impresa) y 73 de los 679 (11%) de la segunda fase (encuesta electrónica). Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo. Las conclusiones principales fueron las siguientes: los encuestados prescribirían antibióticos de manera innecesaria especialmente en los casos de catarro común con fiebre, bronquiolitis y bronquitis. La mayor disparidad de criterios se observó en el tratamiento de un caso de posible sinusitis bacteriana y de un caso de faringitis probablemente estreptocócica. La prescripción global de amoxicilina-clavulánico fue excesiva, mientras que la de cefalosporinas y macrólidos fue baja y adecuada. El uso de internet para actualizar conocimientos en este campo ni fue muy escaso. La información científica considerada más fiable fueron las revisiones y metaanálisis. El 31% de los pediatras dijeron recibir frecuentemente presiones de los padres para recetar antibióticos en contra de su criterio. El porcentaje de respuesta a la encuesta impresa fue muy superior al de la encuesta electrónica, lo que pone en duda la utilidad de las encuestas electrónicas en la actualidad


Background: Spain is one of the European countries with greatest antibiotic consumption, and therefore, with greatest bacterial resistance. Most antibiotics are prescribed in primary health care, mainly for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. There is little data to assess if the prescriptions of antibiotics by primary care paediatricians for the treatment of respiratory tract infections follow the current recommendations.Objective: to evaluate the pattern of antibiotic prescription in respiratory tract infections by primary care paediatricians in Madrid. Secondary objectives were to determine the source of information on the use of antibiotics and the influence of parents on the prescription. Method: an anonymous survey was designed with the following questions: 8 about the physician and their job, 2 to evaluate the sources of information on antibiotics, 2 to evaluate the influence of parents on the prescriptions and finally 35 questions to evaluate the treatment of nine clinical cases of common respiratory tract infectious diseases (all cases providedhad open diagnosis). In a first phase, the printed survey was sent to 20% of primary care paediatricians of Madrid, selected randomly. In a second phase the rest 80% were invited in a personal letter by mail to complete the same survey trough intra or internet. Results and conclusions: the survey was completed by 144 (19% of all the primary care paediatricians of Madrid), 71 of 137 (52%) selected in the first part (printed survey) and 73 of 679 (11%) in the second round (electronic survey). The statistical analysis was descriptive. The most important conclusions were: doctors prescribe antibiotics unnecessarily specially in common cold with fever, bronchiolitis and bronchitis. There was a great disparity of criteria inthe treatment of a case of possible bacterial sinusitis and a case of probably streptococcal pharyngitis. The global prescription of amoxicillin-clavulanic was excessive, whereas the prescription of cephalosporins and macrolide antibiotics was low and adequate. The use of internet to update knowledge in this area was very poor. The most trustable scientific information were revisions and meta-analysis. 31% of paediatricians reported frequent pressure to prescribe antibiotics by the patients’ parents even against the paediatrician’s recommendations. The response to printed survey was much higher than the electronic survey what questions the utility of electronic surveys at present


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções Respiratórias/tratamento farmacológico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , Espanha
6.
Pediátrika (Madr.) ; 21(1): 1-9, ene. 2001.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-12065

RESUMO

La cardiología pediátrica se ha desarrollado mucho y ha experimentado un gran avance en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las cardiopatías congénitas. Esta situación ha motivado la presencia de pacientes nuevos, cada vez más jóvenes y con cardiopatías más complejas en la consulta del pediatra. El pediatra tiene un papel fundamental en estos niños que no deben quedar limitados a un control hospitalario por el cardiólogo, sino a una coordinación entre ambas partes.Para poder realizar esta función, el pediatra debe tener una conocimientos sencillos pero imprescindibles en cardiología pediátrica que permitan realizar una valoración integral del niño.En este trabajo se pretende revisar los problemas más habituales en pacientes con cardiopatías congénitas en el periodo de lactancia en la consulta del pediatra como la nutrición, vacunación o manejo de los procesos intercurrentes (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Lactente , Masculino , Humanos , Cardiopatias Congênitas/classificação , Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico , Cardiopatias Congênitas/epidemiologia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/terapia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Atenção Primária à Saúde/classificação , Cuidado do Lactente/métodos , Cuidado do Lactente , Cuidado do Lactente/tendências , Antropometria/instrumentação , Antropometria/métodos , Oligoelementos/administração & dosagem , Oligoelementos/uso terapêutico , Oligoelementos , Vitaminas/análise , Vitaminas/uso terapêutico , Anemia/prevenção & controle , Anemia/diagnóstico , Anemia/terapia , Injeções Intramusculares , Anticoagulantes , Tetralogia de Fallot/complicações , Tetralogia de Fallot/diagnóstico , Tetralogia de Fallot/etiologia , Hipóxia/complicações , Hipóxia/diagnóstico , Hipóxia/etiologia , Endocardite Bacteriana/complicações , Endocardite Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Endocardite Bacteriana/etiologia , Endocardite Bacteriana/terapia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil , Antibioticoprofilaxia/métodos , Antibioticoprofilaxia , Infecções Pneumocócicas/imunologia , Varicela/imunologia , Influenza Humana/imunologia
8.
An Esp Pediatr ; 47(6): 591-4, 1997 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9580069

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The excess of pediatric emergencies going to hospitals has been the subject of many studies in Spain and, on some occasions, this problem has attributed to the inefficiency of pediatric primary care. Our main objective was to evaluate whether or not our community health center is an efficient filter for hospital emergencies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective one year long study of all pediatric emergency demands within our normal office hours (workdays, from 08:00 to 21:00 hours). RESULTS: The total number of emergencies amounted to 1,294, with an average of 5.78 per day. The largest inflow occurred in September and the lowest in August. Most of the emergencies were between 16:00 and 19:00 hours. Fifty percent of the patients were under 4 years of age. We made 86 different diagnoses according to the WONCA classification. Only 10 diagnoses came with a frequency superior to 3%, and 60% of the emergencies were related to one of these 10 diagnoses. Of all pediatric emergencies, 94.7% were completely resolved by us. Only 60 patients (4.6%) were sent-on to hospital emergency services. Among these patients, 40 required traumatological or surgical attention, 5 ophthalmological care, 3 otorhinolaryngological care, and only 12 exclusively needed pediatric attention. In 55.7% of the cases there was no reason to use the emergency channel. CONCLUSIONS: During our office hours, our community health center is an efficient filter for hospital pediatric emergencies.


Assuntos
Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Pediatria , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Pré-Escolar , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/normas , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Espanha , Fatores de Tempo
9.
Rev Esp Cardiol ; 48(5): 326-32, 1995 May.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7792427

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Foreign body retrieval in the catheter room is a useful procedure at any age, but, although its interest, few reports of such technique have been reported in children. METHODS: We review and present our experience in 8 children, aged 5 days to 11 years, five of them having congenital hearts defects. RESULTS: We retrieved 4 catheter fragments, 2 endocardial electrode catheter tips, 1 Rashkind 12 mm. PDA umbrella, and 1 detachable Jackson coil. All of them were placed in systemic veins, right heart chambers or pulmonary arteries. We used biplane fluoroscopy and percutaneous right femoral vein puncture in all cases. Goose-Neck (Microvena Corporation) snares were used in 5 patients, hand made snares in 2 and a Swan-Ganz catheter in one. In 4 cases, the snare was introduced trough a Mullins long sheath and the foreign body pulled into its distal end, in order to bring it out of the femoral vein. Six foreign bodies came off the femoral vein: 4 trough the puncture site and 2 needing a venous cut-down. The two remaining foreign bodies, stopped while pulling at the common iliac vein and a minor surgical procedure was needed for final extraction. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic catheterization is the technique of choice for intravascular foreign body retrieval in children.


Assuntos
Cateterismo , Corpos Estranhos/terapia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos
11.
An Esp Pediatr ; 38(6): 509-15, 1993 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8368679

RESUMO

Eighty-one healthy prepubertal children of short stature, between two and twelve years of age, were divided into four homogeneous groups. Each group was treated with a placebo for one year and for a second year with one of the following drugs (double blind): clonidine (CI), arginine asprate (AA), ornithine alphaketoglutare (OKG), or cyproheptadine (Cp). CI and OKG did not better the standard deviation of height. AA and Cp did, but to no greater extent than the placebo. The growth rate did not change in any group. The ratio of bone age/chronological age was significantly higher at the end of the OKG year than at the end of the year with placebo, a difference that was not found in any other group. The prognosis of adult height (TW2) did not change in any group. The standard deviation of weight increased in all groups, both with the placebo and the various drugs, without significant differences between the groups. The CI caused frequent clinical side effects, including a reversible increase in transaminases in one child. The Cp stimulated hunger. The AA and OKG did not produce side-effects and the placebo increased appetite in 11% of the children. Somatomedin C was significantly higher after one year with Cp than after one year with the placebo, significantly higher after the placebo than after CI and AA and there was no difference between the treatment with the placebo and OKG. Growth hormone values in a 24 hour urine sample were so scattered that we do not consider them helpful.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Assuntos
Clonidina/farmacologia , Ciproeptadina/farmacologia , Crescimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Ornitina/farmacologia , Arginina/farmacologia , Ácido Aspártico/farmacologia , Estatura/efeitos dos fármacos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Substâncias de Crescimento/farmacologia , Humanos , Ácidos Cetoglutáricos/farmacologia , Masculino
14.
An Esp Pediatr ; 29(1): 65-7, 1988 Jul.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3190008

RESUMO

A case of hydrops fetalis and congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasis due to hypoplastic left heart syndrome with intact atrial septum is reported. Authors analyse hydrops and lymphangiectasis physiology in relation to cardiac defect, besides the present day therapeutics possibilities. Patient died four hours after birth.


Assuntos
Cardiopatias Congênitas/complicações , Hidropisia Fetal/etiologia , Pneumopatias/etiologia , Linfangiectasia/etiologia , Aorta Torácica/patologia , Feminino , Cardiopatias Congênitas/patologia , Humanos , Lactente , Pulmão/patologia , Pneumopatias/patologia , Linfangiectasia/patologia , Masculino , Miocárdio/patologia , Gravidez , Síndrome
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