Pine needle abortions in cattle due to consumption of Pinus ponderosa in Argentina: Case reports.

Two outbreaks of pine needle abortions in cattle are here reported for the first time in Argentina. The cases occurred in Chubut and Neuquén provinces in the Patagonia region, causing 29.6% and 9% of abortions in each herd respectively. In both outbreaks, the dams were in the last third of gestation, and, due to a period of cold, snow and lack of available forage, they gained access to Pinus ponderosa and Pinus contorta forests. No pathological lesions, serological, molecular, or microbiological evidence of infectious causes were observed in any of the six fetuses analyzed. Microhistological analysis of feces confirmed higher presence of fragments of Pinus spp. needles in the diet of affected dams than in that of non-affected ones (12.2 vs 3.0%). Moreover, toxicological analysis showed higher tetrahydroagathic acid in the sera of affected dams than in that of non-affected ones (10.05 vs 2.81 ppm). In addition, this acid was detected in different fetal fluids (3.6-8.1 ppm) of the six fetuses analyzed. Interestingly, isocupressic acid was detected only in needles of P. ponderosa, and its content was lower than that found in other areas of the world (0.31 and 0.5% in Chubut and Neuquén respectively). These results confirm that the consumption of P. ponderosa by dams could have been the cause of these abortion outbreaks, a fact that should be considered as differential diagnosis in abortions of cattle, especially in silvopastoral systems of Argentina.

[Choice of Family and Community Medicine in the MIR 2002-2023: An objective approach shows that it is as highly valued as hospital specialties]. / Elección de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria en el MIR 2002-2023: un enfoque objetivo muestra que es una especialidad tan valorada como las hospitalarias.

INTRODUCTION: Currently there is a shortage of general practitioners (GP), and this is expected to increase in the coming years. Despite this need, it is a specialty that is supposedly little demanded, leaving specialized training places unfilled in recent years. The purpose of this study is to present new parameters to more objectively measure the demand and the relationship between supply and demand. METHODS: A database was used with the results of the places assigned in the MIR calls from 2002 to 2023. The calculated parameters were quoting index (CI), quote order, the order of top demand and the order of total demand of the GP specialty. The software R version 4.3.02 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The specialty quotation and top demand have remained constant during the study period, while there has been a slight and progressive worsening of the total demand. Nevertheless, the total demand for Family Medicine in the last call for MIR exam was higher than that for specialties such as urology, neurology, ENT, endocrinology, oncology, intensive care medicine or neurosurgery, among others. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to the subjective perception of the worsening attractiveness Family Medicine in the last MIR calls, using objective parameters, we found that the attractiveness of the specialty, measured as quotation (supply/demand ratio) and demand, has remained stable (with a slight worsening of total demand).

Tissue-specific RNA-seq defines genes governing male tail tip morphogenesis in C. elegans.

Caenorhabditis elegans males undergo sex-specific tail tip morphogenesis (TTM) under the control of the transcription factor DMD-3. To find genes regulated by DMD-3, We performed RNA-seq of laser-dissected tail tips. We identified 564 genes differentially expressed (DE) in wild-type males vs. dmd-3(-) males and hermaphrodites. The transcription profile of dmd-3(-) tail tips is similar to that in hermaphrodites. For validation, we analyzed transcriptional reporters for 49 genes and found male-specific or male-biased expression for 26 genes. Only 11 DE genes overlapped with genes found in a previous RNAi screen for defective TTM. GO enrichment analysis of DE genes finds upregulation of genes within the UPR (unfolded protein response) pathway and downregulation of genes involved in cuticle maintenance. Of the DE genes, 40 are transcription factors, indicating that the gene network downstream of DMD-3 is complex and potentially modular. We propose modules of genes that act together in TTM and are coregulated by DMD-3, among them the chondroitin synthesis pathway and the hypertonic stress response.

Breast-to-brain metastasis is exacerbated with chemotherapy through blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and induces Alzheimer's-like pathology.

Control of breast-to-brain metastasis remains an urgent unmet clinical need. While chemotherapies are essential in reducing systemic tumor burden, they have been shown to promote non-brain metastatic invasiveness and drug-driven neurocognitive deficits through the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), independently. Now, in this study, we investigated the effect of chemotherapy on brain metastatic progression and promoting tumor-mediated NFT. Results show chemotherapies increase brain-barrier permeability and facilitate enhanced tumor infiltration, particularly through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). This is attributed to increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) which, in turn, mediates loss of Claudin-6 within the choroid plexus cells of the BCSFB. Importantly, increased MMP9 activity in the choroid epithelium following chemotherapy results in cleavage and release of Tau from breast cancer cells. This cleaved Tau forms tumor-derived NFT that further destabilize the BCSFB. Our results underline for the first time the importance of the BCSFB as a vulnerable point of entry for brain-seeking tumor cells post-chemotherapy and indicate that tumor cells themselves contribute to Alzheimer's-like tauopathy.

Shorter TB treatment regimens should be safer as well.

Most ongoing and planned TB therapeutic trials are focused on shortening the duration of treatment while giving less consideration to other aspects of TB care that are important to people with TB. Here we argue that other variables besides duration of TB treatment should also be considered when developing new TB treatment regimens, including drug toxicity, time spent in monitoring and overall quality of life while on therapy. We examine the specific use of linezolid in treatment-shortening trials for drug-susceptible TB and propose additional endpoints that should be prioritised in TB treatment studies.

La majorité des essais thérapeutiques en cours et prévus sur la TB se concentrent sur la réduction de la durée du traitement tout en accordant moins d'attention à d'autres aspects des soins de la TB qui sont importants pour les personnes atteintes de la TB. Nous soutenons ici que d'autres variables que la durée du traitement de la TB devrait également être prises en compte lors de l'élaboration de nouveaux schémas thérapeutiques, notamment la toxicité des médicaments, le temps passé à la surveillance et la qualité de vie globale pendant le traitement. Nous examinons l'utilisation spécifique du linézolide dans les essais de raccourcissement du traitement de la TB sensible aux médicaments et proposons des critères d'évaluation supplémentaires qui devraient être prioritaires dans les études sur le traitement de la TB.

One size does not fit all: community views on choices for TB treatment and prevention.

Treatment and prevention paradigms in TB have been dominated by a 'one-size-fits-all' approach, in which all persons are given the same treatment regimens. This stands in contrast to other health conditions, where differentiated models of care have been shown to be effective. In this Viewpoint, we make the case for considering multiple factors when deciding which regimens should be offered to people with TB infection and disease. Choice about which regimens to use should be made in conjunction with people who have TB and consider efficacy, safety, duration, pill burden, formulation, drug interactions, time spent in monitoring, drug susceptibility, compatibility with other areas of life, and availability of support services. Ideally, these choices should be considered within an equity framework with the most intensified services being offered to those considered most vulnerable.

Les paradigmes de traitement et de prévention de la TB ont été dominés par une approche « unique ¼, dans laquelle toutes les personnes reçoivent les mêmes schémas thérapeutiques. Cette approche contraste avec d'autres problèmes de santé, pour lesquels des modèles de soins différenciés se sont avérés efficaces. Dans ce point de vue, nous plaidons en faveur de la prise en compte de multiples facteurs au moment de décider des schémas thérapeutiques à proposer aux personnes atteintes de infection tuberculeuse et de TB maladie. Le choix des traitements doit être fait en collaboration avec les personnes atteintes de TB et tenir compte de l'efficacité, de l'innocuité, de la durée, du nombre de comprimés, de la formulation, des interactions médicamenteuses, du temps consacré à la surveillance, de la sensibilité aux médicaments, de la compatibilité avec d'autres domaines de la vie et de la disponibilité des services d'aide. Idéalement, ces choix devraient être envisagés dans un cadre d'équité, les services les plus intensifs étant proposés aux personnes considérées comme les plus vulnérables.

Species trait diversity sustains multiple dietary nutrients supplied by freshwater fisheries.

Species, through their traits, influence how ecosystems simultaneously sustain multiple functions. However, it is unclear how trait diversity sustains the multiple contributions biodiversity makes to people. Freshwater fisheries nourish hundreds of millions of people globally, but overharvesting and river fragmentation are increasingly affecting catches. We analyse how loss of nutritional trait diversity in consumed fish portfolios affects the simultaneous provisioning of six essential dietary nutrients using household data from the Amazon and Tonlé Sap, two of Earth's most productive and diverse freshwater fisheries. We find that fish portfolios with high trait diversity meet higher thresholds of required daily intakes for a greater variety of nutrients with less fish biomass. This beneficial biodiversity effect is driven by low redundancy in species nutrient content profiles. Our findings imply that sustaining the dietary contributions fish make to people given declining biodiversity could require more biomass and ultimately exacerbate fishing pressure in already-stressed ecosystems.

Epigenetic reprogramming around IFN1 and IFNy2 promoters in rainbow trout cells inoculated with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV).

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) has proven to effectively evade the host antiviral responses. This study clarifies whether the modulation of the antiviral immune response exerted by IPNV involves epigenetic mechanisms. An in-silico characterization of the rainbow trout IFN1 and IFNγ2 promoters was performed, identifying the islands or sequences rich in CpG dinucleotides and the putative transcription factor binding sites (TBS) for both gene promoters. RTS11 cells (rainbow trout monocyte/macrophage) were infected with IPNV, and the course of viral infection was followed up to 48 h post infection (hpi). Infected cells showed increased IFN1 and IFNγ2 transcriptional expression at 6 and 24 hpi, respectively. IPNV infection caused increases and decreases in global IFNγ2 promoter methylation at 6 and 24 hpi, respectively. The CpG dinucleotides at positions -392 and + 38 of this promoter were the most sensitive to methylation changes. The IFN1 promoter remained fully unmethylated during the course of the infection, similar to the control. The changes in the methylation pattern observed for the IFNγ2 promoter were coincident with the changes in DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) expression levels, increasing at 6 hpi and decreasing below basal level at 24 hpi. Similarly, the H4 histones associated with the IFN1 and IFNγ2 promoters were hyperacetylated at 6 hpi, subsequently decreasing their acetylation below basal levels at 24 hpi, in both promoters. Coincidentally with the above, overexpression of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) was observed at 6 hpi and of histone deacetylase (HDAC) at 24 hpi, with return to baseline of HAT. These results suggest that IPNV would epigenetically modulate the expression of IFN1 by changing acetylation levels of the histones H4 associated with its promoter. Also, the modulation of the expression of IFNy2 would be by switching methylation/demethylation levels of its promoter, in addition to changes in acetylation levels of histones H4 associated with this promoter. This study is the first to demonstrate the effect of epigenetic reprogramming after IPNV infection in salmonid cells, demonstrating that promoter methylation/demethylation level and changes in the histone code associated with promoters may play a role in the modulation of the immune response induced by the virus.

Decision-making and frontoparietal resting-state functional connectivity among impulsive-compulsive diagnoses. Insights from a Bayesian approach.

The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is one of the most widely used paradigms for assessing decision-making. An impairment in this process may be linked to several psychopathological disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), substance abuse disorder (SUD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which could make it a good candidate for being consider a transdiagnostic domain. Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) has been proposed as a promising biomarker of decision-making. In this study, we aimed to identify idiosyncratic decision-making profiles among healthy people and impulsive-compulsive spectrum patients during the IGT, and to investigate the role of frontoparietal network (FPN) rsFC as a possible biomarker of different decision-making patterns. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), rsFC of 114 adults (34 controls; 25 OCD; 41 SUD; 14 ADHD) was obtained. Then, they completed the IGT. Hybrid clustering methods based on individual deck choices yielded three decision-makers subgroups. Cluster 1 (n = 27) showed a long-term advantageous strategy. Cluster 2 (n = 25) presented a maladaptive decision-making strategy. Cluster 3 (n = 62) did not develop a preference for any deck during the task. Interestingly, the proportion of participants in each cluster was not different between diagnostic groups. A Bayesian general linear model showed no credible differences in the IGT performance between diagnostic groups nor credible evidence to support the role of FPN rsFC as a biomarker of decision-making under the IGT context. This study highlights the importance of exploring in depth the behavioral and neurophysiological variables that may drive decision-making in clinical and healthy populations.

Proapoptotic Effect and Molecular Docking Analysis of Curcumin-Resveratrol Hybrids in Colorectal Cancer Chemoprevention.

Different hybrids based on curcumin and resveratrol were previously synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The most active molecules (3a, 3e, 3i, and 3k) were evaluated in vitro as an approach to determine the possible mechanism of action of the hybrids. The results indicated that the evaluated curcumin/resveratrol hybrids induce mitochondrial instability in SW620 and SW480 cells. Moreover, these molecules caused a loss in membrane integrity, suggesting an apoptotic process mediated by caspases after the treatment with compounds 3i (SW480) and 3k (SW620). In addition, the results suggest that the mechanism of action of the hybrids could be independent of the p53 status. Furthermore, hybrids 3e and 3i caused G0/G1 phase arrest, which highlights the potential of these molecules not only as cytotoxic but also as cytostatic compounds. Hybrids 3e and 3i caused a negative modulation of the matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) on SW480 cells. These curcumin resveratrol hybrids could be potential candidates for further investigations in the search for potential chemopreventive agents, even in those cases with resistance to conventional chemotherapy because of the lack of p53 expression or function. Molecular docking simulations showed that compounds 3e, 3i, and 3k bind efficiently to proapoptotic human caspases 3/7 proteins, as well as human MMP-7 and p53, which, in turn, could explain at the molecular level the in vitro cytotoxic effect of these compounds in SW480 and SW620 colon cancer cell lines.

Socio-ecological determinants of rickettsial seroprevalence in a rural community of Yucatán, Mexico.

Rickettsial diseases have seen a re-emergence in the Americas in the last few decades, with concerning morbidity, mortality and economic implications that result from loss of productivity, income, curbs in liberal trade agreements, and reduction in agricultural practices. The aim of this study is to determine the socioecological determinants and seroprevalence for Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia rickettsii among residents of Teabo, a rural community of Yucatán, Mexico. Sociodemographic data and serum samples were obtained from 180 consenting participants. Antibody titers for R. typhi and R. rickettsii were determined by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Participants also submitted tick samples collected from their residential area. We conducted logistic regression models to evaluate the association between exposure variables and seroprevalence. Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. (37%; n = 65), and Amblyomma cajennense Fabricius (17%; n = 29) were the predominant tick species in peri-domestic areas. Out of the 180 participants, there was significantly higher seroprevalence of R. typhi (n = 77; 46%) compared to R. rickettsii [n = 27, 15%, (p < 0.05)]. Pearson's chi-square test of independence revealed significant differences in R. rickettsii seroprevalence by gender (X2 [n = 175, df = 4, (p < 0.001)] = 180.26), level of education, (X2 [n = 180, df = 4, (p < 0.001)] = 44.0), and by tick species found in residential area, (X2 [n = 180, df = 4, (p = 0.050)] = 9.48). After adjusting for other variables in a logistic regression model, for each unit increase in the number of dogs present in the residential area, there was a 27% increase in the odds of human seroprevalence for R. typhi IgG (AOR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01-1.63). Compared to study participants living in residential areas with a 'low' height of vegetation, those living in residential areas with a 'medium' height of vegetation had 2.5 times greater odds of human seroprevalence for R. typhi IgG (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.19-5.40). Potentially modifiable existing factors in the peri-domestic area may constitute a high-risk source of seroprevalence for rickettsial antibodies among residents of the rural community of Teabo, Yucatán, Mexico.

Laser Microdissection for Species-Agnostic Single-Tissue Applications.

Single-cell methodologies have revolutionized the analysis of the transcriptomes of specific cell types. However, they often require species-specific genetic "toolkits," such as promoters driving tissue-specific expression of fluorescent proteins. Further, protocols that disrupt tissues to isolate individual cells remove cells from their native environment (e.g., signaling from neighbors) and may result in stress responses or other differences from native gene expression states. In the present protocol, laser microdissection (LMD) is optimized to isolate individual nematode tail tips for the study of gene expression during male tail tip morphogenesis. LMD allows the isolation of a portion of the animal without the need for cellular disruption or species-specific toolkits and is thus applicable to any species. Subsequently, single-cell RNA-seq library preparation protocols such as CEL-Seq2 can be applied to LMD-isolated single tissues and analyzed using standard pipelines, given that a well-annotated genome or transcriptome is available for the species. Such data can be used to establish how conserved or different the transcriptomes are that underlie the development of that tissue in different species. Limitations include the ability to cut out the tissue of interest and the sample size. A power analysis shows that as few as 70 tail tips per condition are required for 80% power. Tight synchronization of development is needed to obtain this number of animals at the same developmental stage. Thus, a method to synchronize animals at 1 h intervals is also described.

Promising Hybrids Derived from S-Allylcysteine and NSAIDs Fragments against Colorectal Cancer: Synthesis, In-vitro Evaluation, Drug-Likeness and In-silico ADME/tox Studies.

We synthesized twelve hybrids, S-allyl Cysteine methyl, ethyl and propyl ester-based non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. The chemopreventive potential of all compounds was evaluated against SW480 human colon adenocarcinoma cells and the non-malignant CHO-K1 cell line. Among the tested compounds, hybrids 10b-c, 11b and 12b displayed the best anticancer activity with IC50 values between 0.131-0.183 mM and selectivity indices higher than 1 after 48 h of treatment. Selectivity indices were comparable to those reported for the reference drug, 5-fluorouracil (SI > 1). The SAR analysis showed that compounds with two carbon atom alkylic chains displayed the best activity (10b, 11b and 12b). Modeling studies including drug-likeness, bioactivity score and ADME/tox studies using online tools like molinspiration and Osiris suggested that these designed hybrids have a good pharmacological profile and can be considered as promising scaffolds for further studies in the search for new therapeutic alternatives to treat colorectal cancer.

Microdrilled tapers to enhance optical fiber lasers for sensing.

In this work, an experimental analysis of the performance of different types of quasi-randomly distributed reflectors inscribed into a single-mode fiber as a sensing mirror is presented. These artificially-controlled backscattering fiber reflectors are used in short linear cavity fiber lasers. In particular, laser emission and sensor application features are analyzed when employing optical tapered fibers, micro-drilled optical fibers and 50 µm-waist or 100 µm-waist micro-drilled tapered fibers (MDTF). Single-wavelength laser with an output power level of about 8.2 dBm and an optical signal-to-noise ratio of 45 dB were measured when employing a 50 µm-waist micro-drilled tapered optical fiber. The achieved temperature sensitivities were similar to those of FBGs; however, the strain sensitivity improved more than one order of magnitude in comparison with FBG sensors, attaining slope sensitivities as good as 18.1 pm/µÎµ when using a 50 µm-waist MDTF as distributed reflector.

Phytochemical Screening of Himatanthus sucuuba (Spruce) Woodson (Apocynaceae) Latex, In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Incision Wound Repair in Mice.

Himatanthus sucuuba, also known as "Bellaco caspi", is a medicinal plant whose latex, stem bark, and leaves possess phenolic acids, lupeol, ß-dihydro-plumbericinic acid, plumericin, and plumeride, among other components. Some of these have been linked to such biological activities as antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical compounds of H. sucuuba latex, as well as its in vitro cytotoxicity and wound healing effect in mice. Latex was collected in the province of Iquitos, Peru. Phytochemical analysis was carried out with UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The cytotoxicity was evaluated on two colon tumor cell lines (SW480 and SW620) and non-malignant cells (human keratinocytes, HaCaT, and Chinese hamster ovary, CHO-K1). The mice were distributed into two groups, as follows: Group I-control (n = 10; without treatment); II-(n = 10) H. sucuuba latex; wounds were induced with a scalpel in the dorsal-cervical area and treatments were applied topically twice a day on the incision for 10 days. Molecular docking was carried out on the glycogen synthase kinase 3ß protein. Twenty-four chemical compounds were determined, mainly flavonoid-type compounds. Latex did not have a cytotoxic effect on tumor cells with IC50 values of more than 500 µg/mL. The latex had a regenerative effect on wounds in mice. Acacetin-7-O-neohesperidoside had the best docking score of -9.9 kcal/mol. In conclusion, H. sucuuba latex had a wound healing effect in mice, as confirmed by histological study. However, a non-cytotoxic effect was observed on colon tumor cells SW480 and SW620.

In-vitro Chemopreventive Potential of a Chromone from Bomarea setacea (ALSTROEMERIACEAE) against Colorectal Cancer.

Chemoprevention with natural products may provide important alternatives in the search for new drugs to treat cancer. Thus, the ethanol extract of Bomarea setacea and its secondary metabolite (chromone) were evaluated in-vitro in SW480 and SW620 human adenocarcinoma colon cells to identify a possible effect on cell growth, antiproliferative and/or proapoptotic activity. The ethanol extract did not show growth inhibition of these cell lines 48 h after treatment; besides, it required higher concentration and time to have an antiproliferative effect. On the other hand, although the chromone was not as active as the reference drug (5-FU), it displayed a greater selectivity, being 156-fold more selective against SW480 cells (SI => 100) and 255-fold against SW620 cells (SI => 86,9). Additionally, the chromone caused an important arrest in G2/M (44.18%) with an important accumulation in subG0/G1 phase in SW620 cells, inducing loss in mitochondrial membrane potential and damage in the cell membrane of both cell lines, with activation of caspase 3, suggesting an apoptotic process independent of ROS production and p53 activation.

New Hybrids Based on Curcumin and Resveratrol: Synthesis, Cytotoxicity and Antiproliferative Activity against Colorectal Cancer Cells.

We synthesized twelve hybrids based on curcumin and resveratrol, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. The chemopreventive potential of these compounds was evaluated against SW480 human colon adenocarcinoma cells, its metastatic derivative SW620, along with the non-malignant CHO-K1 cell line. Among the tested compounds, hybrids 3e and 3i (for SW480) and 3a, 3e and 3k (for SW620) displayed the best cytotoxic activity with IC50 values ranging from 11.52 ± 2.78 to 29.33 ± 4.73 µM for both cell lines, with selectivity indices (SI) higher than 1, after 48 h of treatment. Selectivity indices were even higher than those reported for the reference drug, 5-fluorouracil (SI = 0.96), the starting compound resveratrol (SI = 0.45) and the equimolar mixture of curcumin plus resveratrol (SI = 0.77). The previous hybrids showed good antiproliferative activity.

Mitochondrial genome of Rhabdosynochus viridisi (Monogenea: Diplectanidae), a parasite of Pacific white snook Centropomus viridis.

We report the nearly complete mitochondrial genome of Rhabdosynochus viridisi - the first for this genus - achieved by combining shotgun sequencing of genomic and cDNA libraries prepared using low-input protocols. This integration of genomic information leads us to correct the annotation of the gene features. The mitochondrial genome consists of 13,863 bp. Annotation resulted in the identification of 12 protein-encoding genes, 22 tRNA genes and two rRNA genes. Three non-coding regions, delimited by three tRNAs, were found between the genes nad5 and cox3. A phylogenetic analysis grouped R. viridisi with three other species of diplectanid monogeneans for which mitochondrial genomes are available.

Hybrid Raman-erbium random fiber laser with a half open cavity assisted by artificially controlled backscattering fiber reflectors.

A hybrid Raman-erbium random fiber laser with a half-open cavity assisted by chirped artificially controlled backscattering fiber reflectors is presented. A combination of a 2.4 km-long dispersion compensating fiber with two highly erbium-doped fiber pieces of 5 m length were used as gain media. A single random laser emission line centered at 1553.8 nm with an optical signal to noise ratio of 47 dB were obtained when pumped at 37.5 dBm. A full width at half maximum of 1 nm and a 100% confidence level output power instability as low as 0.08 dB were measured. The utilization of the new laser cavity as a temperature and strain sensor is also experimentally studied.

Rol social de la enfermería profesional en la Vicaría de la Solidaridad, Chile 1976-1992 / Social role of professional nursing within the Vicaría de la Solidaridad, Chile 1976-1992 / O papel social da enfermagem profissional na Vicaría de la Solidaridad, Chile 1976-1992

RESUMEN Introducción: Durante la dictadura militar en Chile hubo cambios sociales en la política de seguridad social que significaron persecuciones, torturas y muerte de miles de personas, situación que impulsó la creación de la Vicaría de la Solidaridad, la cual implementó distintos programas dentro de los cuales estuvo el área de salud. Objetivo: Develar el rol social de la enfermería profesional en la Vicaría de la Solidaridad en Chile, años 1976-1992. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa, diseño historia de vida, con entrevistas en profundidad a cinco enfermeras y un enfermero, integrantes de la Vicaría, seleccionados por muestreo intencionado. Como sustento teórico, se utilizó la Teoría de Margaret Newman. Se realizó análisis textual y conceptual. Se cumplieron las implicancias éticas y consentimiento informado. Resultados: Se develan las metacategorías: a)función asistencial, b)función educativa, c)función administrativa y, d)función investigación. Discusión: La esencia social de la enfermería es la ejecución de acciones coherentes con el contexto en el que se encuentra para favorecer la protección y engrandecimiento de la dignidad humana. Existe coherencia entre los resultados obtenidos y la literatura sobre el tema propuesto. Conclusión: Las enfermeras se caracterizaron por poseer un profundo compromiso social y deber ético, así como habilidades de observación, coordinación, análisis, liderazgo y toma de decisiones, que las transformaron en agentes de cambio en la población. Este estudio abre una línea de investigación sobre la historia de la enfermería en Chile y su acción social en momentos de crisis.

ABSTRACT Introduction: During the Chilean military dictatorship there were social changes in the social security politics which led to persecutions, tortures, and the death of thousands of people. A consequence of this situation was the creation of an organization called Vicaría de la Solidaridad which implemented diverse programs in the area of health. Objective: To unveil the social role of professional nursing within the Vicaría de la Solidaridad, Chile 1976-1992. Methodology: This is a qualitative research with a history of life design which used in depth interviews to five female nurses and one male nurse of the Vicaría, and which were intentionally selected. The theory of Margaret Newman was used as the theoretical foundation. A text and concept analysis was carried out. Ethical requirements were fulfilled, and the information consent from the participants was obtained. Results: From the analysis, the following categories emerged: a)function of assistance; b)function of education; c)function of management; and d) function of research. Discussion: The social essence of nursing includes carrying out context mediated actions aimed at favoring the protection and enhancement of human dignity. Coherence was found between the findings of this study and the literature on the topic. Conclusion: Nurses were characterized by their profound social compromise and sense of ethical duty. Nurses counterweighted the social problems during those years using their skills of observation, coordination, analysis, leadership, and decision-making. This study opens a research line on the history of nursing in Chile and its actions during times of crisis.

RESUMO Introdução: Durante a ditadura militar no Chile, houve mudanças sociais na política de segurança social que significaram perseguição, tortura e morte de milhares de pessoas, uma situação que levou à criação da Vicaría de la Solidaridad, que implementou diferentes programas, incluindo a saúde. Objetivo: Revelar o papel social da enfermagem profissional na Vicaría de la Solidaridad no Chile, 1976-1992. Metodologia: Pesquisa qualitativa, desenho de história de vida, com entrevistas em profundidade com cinco enfermeiras e um enfermeiro, membros da Vicaría, selecionadas por amostragem propositada. A teoria de Margaret Newman foi utilizada como base teórica. Foi realizada uma análise textual e conceptual. As implicações éticas e o consentimento informado foram cumpridos. Resultados: Desvelam-se as meta-categorias: a)função assistencial, b)função educativa, c)função administrativa e d)função pesquisa. Discussão: A essência social da enfermagem é a execução de ações condizentes com o contexto em que se encontra, favorecendo a proteção e a valorização da dignidade humana. Há coerência entre os resultados obtidos e a literatura sobre o tema proposto. Conclusão: As enfermeiras caracterizaram-se por possuir um profundo compromisso social e dever ético, bem como habilidades de observação, coordenação, análise, liderança e toma-da de decisão, o que as transformou em agentes de câmbio da população. Este estudo abre uma linha de pesquisa sobre a história da enfermagem no Chile e sua ação social em tempos de crise.