Five simultaneous artificial intelligence data challenges on ultrasound, CT, and MRI.

PURPOSE: The goal of this data challenge was to create a structured dynamic with the following objectives: (1) teach radiologists the new rules of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), while building a large multicentric prospective database of ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and MRI patient images; (2) build a network including radiologists, researchers, start-ups, large companies, and students from engineering schools, and; (3) provide all French stakeholders working together during 5 data challenges with a secured framework, offering a realistic picture of the benefits and concerns in October 2018. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Relevant clinical questions were chosen by the Société Francaise de Radiologie. The challenge was designed to respect all French ethical and data protection constraints. Multidisciplinary teams with at least one radiologist, one engineering student, and a company and/or research lab were gathered using different networks, and clinical databases were created accordingly. RESULTS: Five challenges were launched: detection of meniscal tears on MRI, segmentation of renal cortex on CT, detection and characterization of liver lesions on ultrasound, detection of breast lesions on MRI, and characterization of thyroid cartilage lesions on CT. A total of 5,170 images within 4 months were provided for the challenge by 46 radiology services. Twenty-six multidisciplinary teams with 181 contestants worked for one month on the challenges. Three challenges, meniscal tears, renal cortex, and liver lesions, resulted in an accuracy>90%. The fourth challenge (breast) reached 82% and the lastone (thyroid) 70%. CONCLUSION: Theses five challenges were able to gather a large community of radiologists, engineers, researchers, and companies in a very short period of time. The accurate results of three of the five modalities suggest that artificial intelligence is a promising tool in these radiology modalities.

Effects of dietary intake and life style on bone density in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to investigate the relation among glycemic control, lifestyle and dietary intake with bone mineral density in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Tertiary care hospital. PARTICIPANTS: A cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital was performed. Ninety-two patients attending our diabetes service (56 females/36 males) with diabetes mellitus type 2 were enrolled in a consecutive way. The inclusion criteria were diabetes diagnosed >40 years of age, with type 2 diabetes defined in accordance with the criteria of the American Diabetes Association and no use of dietary supplements. Body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, glucose level, and HbA1c levels were assessed in all patients. X-ray densitometry of the calcaneal region and a 3-days written food record keeping, and a qualitative questionnaire of lifestyle were also performed. RESULTS: A total of 21.7% of patients had osteoporosis (T score <2.5 SD). Patients were overweight with a high BMI and a medium glucose control. Patients with osteoporosis were older than those without osteoporosis (67.8 +/- 6.9 vs. 62.1 +/- 9.2 years; p < 0.05). Significant differences were detected between patients without and with osteoporosis in calcium intake (1,219.37 +/- 387 vs. 839 +/- 251 mg/day; p < 0.05) and zinc intake (9.23 +/- 3.5 vs. 13.3 +/- 6.9 mg/day; p < 0.05), respectively. No differences were detected in other dietary dairy intakes. In correlation analysis age (r = -0.23; p < 0.05) and BMI (r = 0.48; p < 0.05) was correlated with BMD. In univariate analysis with dicotomic variables, only exercise was positive associated with osteoporotic status (87.5% exercise habit in patients without osteoporosis and 25% exercise habit in patients with osteoporosis; p < 0.05). In a logistic model with the dependent variable (osteoporosis), remained in the final model dietary dairy intake of calcium and zinc, BMI, age and exercise. Exercise, calcium intake and BMI were protective factors. Zinc intake, and age were risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise, calcium intake, body mass index had a protective role in bone mineral density in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Zinc intake and age were risk factors in our population.

Tularemia epidemic in northwestern Spain: clinical description and therapeutic response.

This study describes the clinical characteristics of tularemia in Spain's first epidemic outbreak and the therapeutic response and compares the efficacy of 3 antibiotics (streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline). For 142 cases of tularemia, the therapeutic failure rate was 22.5%; ciprofloxacin was the antibiotic with the lowest percentage of therapeutic failures and with the fewest side effects.

[Inflammatory pseudotumor of the maxillary sinus: report of a new case and review of the literature]. / Pseudotumor inflamatorio de seno maxilar: presentación de un nuevo caso y revisión de la literatura.

A new case of inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) of the maxillary sinus is presented. The clinical and histological features of this rare entity are discussed. Immunohistochemical studies support a possible myofibroblastic origin. Early diagnosis is important to prevent IPT, classified as a benign disease, from becoming a progressive destructive lesion.

Estomatitis nicotínica del paladar: presentación de un nuevo caso / Stomatitis Nicotinica of the palate. Report of a new case

Se comunica un caso de estomatitis nicotínica en un varón de 65 años, fumador de pipa, que acude a consulta por presentar en el paladar múltiples lesiones blanquecinas indoloras. El estudio histológico muestra lesiones papulares relacionadas con la desembocadura de las glándulas salivales menores. Hoy se acepta que la estomatitis nicotínica típica cursa con lesiones blanquecinas orales de diferente conducta biológica que las leucoplasias con disqueratosis y que en modo alguno deben ser consideradas precancerosas (AU)

Pseudotumor inflamatorio de seno maxilar: presentación de un nuevo caso y revisión de la literatura / Inflammatory pseudotumor of the maxillary sinus: report of a new case and review of the literature

Presentamos un nuevo caso de pseudotumor inflamatorio de seno maxilar. Revisamos las características clínicas y patológicas de esta rara entidad y realizamos estudios inmunohistoquímicos que aportan nuevos datos para el diagnóstico y nos orientan hacia un origen miofibroblástico del tumor. Destacamos la importancia de un diagnóstico precoz, para evitar que esta lesión clasificada como benigna se cronifique y adquiera un carácter destructivo (AU)

A new case of inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) of the maxillary sinus is presented. The clinical and histological features of this rare entity are discussed. Immunohistochemical studies support a possible myofibroblastic origin. Early diagnosis is important to prevent IPT, classified as a benign disease, from becoming a progressive destructive lesion (AU)

Endocarditis caused by Enterococcus avium.

Enterococcus avium has rarely been reported as a pathogen in humans. We describe a case of endocarditis caused by E. avium. It responded to ampicillin and gentamicin, although a valve replacement was necessary for severe aortic insufficiency. This microorganism should be regarded as significant in endocarditis.

Maternal and cord blood ferritin.

The levels of plasma iron, transferrin saturation and ferritin in cord blood of 64 newborns were found to be elevated relative to the corresponding maternal blood. There was no correlation between the levels of plasma iron, transferrin saturation or ferritin in cord and maternal blood. No correlation was found in cord blood between the hemoglobin levels or red cell indices (MCV, MCH and MCHC) with the levels of ferritin. These results suggest that there is an active process of transfer for iron from mother to the fetus, and this transport is independent of fetal erythropoiesis.

No correlation between iron concentration in breast milk and maternal iron stores.

The relation between the iron transmitted to infants by breast milk and the maternal iron stores was investigated in a group of 46 women. Total milk iron concentration was not correlated with the levels of serum ferritin or transferrin saturation. These results suggest that the iron transport from mother to the milk is irrespective to the maternal iron stores.

Clinical evaluation of simultaneously administered 58Co labelled vitamin B12 and 57Co labelled vitamin B12 bound to intrinsic factor in patients with pernicious anaemia.

The clinical and laboratory data from 75 patients with altered vitamin B 12 absorption were reviewed. In 36 cases the diagnosis of pernicious anaemia had been established. Of these, 14 patients showed malabsorption of radiolabelled vitamin B 12, but the absorption of vitamin B 12 bound to the intrinsic factor (IF) was normal (Group A). The other 22 patients with pernicious anaemia showed altered free and IF-bound vitamin B 12 absorption (Group B). Laboratory and clinical data and the absorption tests (xylose and fat excretion) were more abnormal in group B than in group A. Finally, 39 patients (Group C) with general malabsorption showed alternation of the absorption of free and IF-bound vitamin B 12 (Group C). The clinical nd biological data were different in these patients from that found in groups A and B. It is possible that in patients with pernicious anaemia who are untreated an alteration of the intestinal mucosa may produce a malabsorption of vitamin B 12 even in the presence of intrinsic factor.

Levels of serum ferritin, folate, and vitamin B12 in pregnant women at term who had been supplemented with iron and folate.

The levels of serum ferritin, folates, and vitamin B12 in relation to the hematologic values were measured in 66 pregnant women at term who had been supplemented with iron (100 mg/day) and folate (350 microgram/day). The levels of hemoglobin in pregnant women were similar to the controls;' however, levels of ferritin and transferrin saturation were decreased and showed a correlation with the hemoglobin. The MCV increased, whereas folate and vitamin B12 decreased, but no correlation was found between these values. These results suggest that in pregnant women (a) serum ferritin and transferrin saturation reflect the iron available for erythropoiesis, (b) the iron supplementation of 100 mg/day in the population studied is not sufficient, and (c) the macrocytosis is independent of the folate and vitamin B12 levels.

Liver iron storage in Spanish aging population.

Liver samples were collected at autopsy from 70 aged (33 males and 37 females) and 22 young (13 males and nine females) individuals. The liver iron stores of young males (327.00 +/- 50.57 micrograms/g) (mean +/- SEM) are higher than young females (143.48 +/- 32.94 micrograms/g; P < 0.02). There is no difference between the values found for old males (301.72 +/- 31.70 microgram/g) and old females (258.61 +/- 24.14 micrograms/g) or between young and old males. The incidence of low iron stores (less than 50 microgram/g) in males and females of the aged group is similar to that found in the group of young males. It is concluded that in the aged Spanish population studied iron stores are not diminished.