Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Aviária/epidemiologia , Perus , Animais , Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1/genética , Influenza Aviária/virologia , RNA Viral/análise , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/veterinária , Reino Unido/epidemiologiaRESUMO
A serological survey of leptospirosis in cattle originating from rural communities of the province of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) in South Africa was carried out between March 2001 and December 2003. The survey was designed as a 2-stage survey, using the local diptank as the primary sampling point. In total, 2021 animals from 379 diptanks in 33 magisterial districts were sampled and tested with the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The apparent prevalence at district level was adjusted for clustering and diagnostic test sensitivity and specificity and displayed in maps. The prevalence of leptospirosis in cattle originating from communal grazing areas of KZN was found to be 19.4% with a 95% confidence interval of 14.8-24.1%. At district level the prevalence of leptospirosis varied from 0 to 63% of cattle. Bovine leptospirosis was found to occur in communal grazing areas throughout the province with the exception of 2 districts. The southeastern regions showed a higher prevalence than other areas of the province; while in some of the northern and western districts a lower prevalence was noted. Several serovars were detected by the MAT and although Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona occurred most frequently, serovars tarrasovi, bratislava, hardjo, canicola and icterohaemorrhagica were also frequently identified. The findings of the survey are discussed.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Leptospira/imunologia , Leptospirose/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/transmissão , Análise por Conglomerados , Feminino , Testes de Hemaglutinação/veterinária , Humanos , Leptospira/isolamento & purificação , Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona/imunologia , Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona/isolamento & purificação , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Leptospirose/transmissão , Masculino , População Rural , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , África do Sul/epidemiologia , ZoonosesRESUMO
A serological survey of Brucella abortus in cattle originating from communal grazing areas of Kwa Zulu Natal was carried out between March 2001 and December 2003. The survey was designed as a 2-stage survey, considering the diptank as the primary sampling unit. In total 46 025 animals from 446 diptanks of 33 magisterial districts were sampled and tested using the Rose Bengal test and Complement Fixation Test. The apparent prevalence at district level was adjusted for clustering, diagnostic test sensitivity and specificity, and mapped using ArcView version 3.3. The prevalence of brucellosis in communal grazing areas of Kwa-Zulu Natal was found to be 1.45 % (0.84-2.21%) and varied from 0 to 15.6 % between magisterial districts. In 19 of the 33 magisterial districts no serological reactors were observed. A large variation in prevalence was found within diptank areas. Brucellosis was found to be most prevalent in the northeastern area of the province. The findings of the survey are discussed.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Brucella abortus/imunologia , Brucelose Bovina/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Animais , Bovinos , Análise por Conglomerados , Testes de Fixação de Complemento/veterinária , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Testes de Hemaglutinação/veterinária , Masculino , População Rural , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , África do Sul/epidemiologiaRESUMO
A questionnaire survey of 315 cattle owners from the rural districts of KwaZulu-Natal was carried out. The aim of the survey was to improve our understanding of local farmers' perceptions and practices of animal disease prevention and control and to establish the extent of their relationship with veterinary services. The survey showed that many owners practice preventive measures such as deworming, tick control and vaccination. Traditional medicines were in use by over half the respondents (58.9 %). Diseases are regarded as an important management problem (56.1 %); ticks, worms and diarrhoea dominated the mentioned health problems in cattle. Veterinary services still play an important role and are a frequent source of advice to owners. The findings of the survey and their context are discussed.
Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Bem-Estar do Animal , Antiparasitários/administração & dosagem , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Controle de Ácaros e Carrapatos , Vacinação/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Masculino , Prevenção Primária , População Rural , África do Sul , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Recalcitrants viral warts can pose a therapeutic challenge to the treating physician. In a clinical study, we documented the effect of imiquimod 5% cream (Aldara) on recalcitrants warts in 22 patients. A complete and partial clearing of the warts was achieved in 41% and 50%, respectively. In only 9% of patients no improvement could be observed. Beside the very often observed perilesional erythema, which correlated well with good treatment response, no relevant side effects were documented. Imiquimod 5% cream (Aldara) is an efficient, easy to perform ambulatory treatment modality for recalcitrants HPV induced warts with few side effects.