RESUMO
Supercontraction is commonly considered as a functional adaptation of major ampullate gland (MA) silk to its role as the main structural material in orb-webs. However, the observation of supercontraction in the dragline silk of a lynx spider species, as it is shown in this work, offers a strong support to the hypothesis that the appearance of supercontraction preceded the advent of capture webs. Moreover, the absence of proline in the sequence of dragline silk spidroin in Oxyopidae and related spiders indicates that the presence of this amino acid may not be required for the existence of supercontraction. In this regard, the presence of particular subrepeats--in orb-web and non-orb-web building spiders--adds new clues for the understanding of supercontraction and associated effects.
Assuntos
Fibroínas/química , Fenômenos Mecânicos , Aranhas/química , Animais , Teste de Materiais , Resistência à TraçãoAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Tabagismo/prevenção & controle , Homens , MulheresRESUMO
No disponible
Assuntos
Humanos , Espanha , Medicina Comunitária , Centros Médicos Acadêmicos , Medicina de Família e ComunidadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible associations between smoking and nonfatal traffic accidents, and to evaluate the possible influence of other factors on traffic accidents. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of associations.Setting. Eight health centers in the city of Zaragoza. PARTICIPANTS: 1214 drivers between 25 and 65 years of age, who visited the health center during the months of July to September 2001, and who drove on at least 2 days of the week. MAIN MEASURES. We recorded data on sex, age, marital status, level of education, profession, diseases, use of prescription and nonprescription drugs, drinking, smoking, illegal drug use, accidents and traffic infractions. RESULTS: We found accidents to be most common among unmarried men between 25 and 29 years of age. There were no significant differences in accident rates between drinkers and nondrinkers. The accident rate was 50% higher in smokers than in nonsmokers (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.49%-3.09%), and there were no significant differences between smokers who smoked while driving and those who refrained from smoking while driving. CONCLUSIONS. The prevalence of accidents is highest in unmarried men younger than 45 years of age. In statistical terms, smokers have twice as many accidents as nonsmokers. The absence of significant differences between smokers who do and do not smoke while driving suggests that smoking increases the risk of being involved in traffic accidents regardless of whether drivers refrain from smoking at the wheel.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito , Fumar , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Condução de Veículo , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Fumar/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Objetivo. Estudiar la posible asociación entre consumo de tabaco y accidentes de tráfico no letales, además de valorar la posible influencia de otros factores en los mismos. Diseño. Estudio transversal de asociación cruzada. Emplazamiento. Ocho centros de salud de la ciudad de Zaragoza. Participantes. Un total de 1.214 conductores, entre 25 y 65 años, que acudieron a consulta de alguno de los centros incluidos en el estudio durante los meses de julio a septiembre de 2001, y conducían, al menos, 2 días a la semana. Mediciones principales. Se recogieron datos sobre sexo, edad, estado civil, nivel de estudios, profesión, presencia de enfermedades, consumo de fármacos, alcohol, tabaco y drogas ilegales, accidentes y denuncias. Resultados. Se registró una mayor accidentalidad entre conductores varones, solteros, y de edades comprendidas entre 25 y 29 años. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la accidentalidad según el consumo habitual de alcohol. El porcentaje de accidentados es un 50 por ciento mayor en fumadores que en no fumadores (odds ratio [OR] = 2,22; IC del 95 por ciento, 1,49-3,09), no encontrando diferencias significativas entre los que fuman conduciendo y los que no fuman al volante. Conclusiones. Aparece una mayor prevalencia de accidentes en conductores de sexo masculino, menores de 45 años y solteros. Por otro lado, los fumadores tienen, estadísticamente, el doble de accidentes de tráfico que los no fumadores. El que no haya diferencias significativas entre los que fuman conduciendo y los que no lo hacen lleva a considerar que el tabaco puede aumentar el riesgo de accidentes de tráfico, aunque no se fume mientras se conduce (AU)
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Lactente , Humanos , Exame Físico , Prevalência , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas , Pneumonia , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Instalações de SaúdeRESUMO
No disponible
Assuntos
Humanos , Ensino , Currículo , Internato e Residência , Educação de Pós-Graduação em Medicina , Medicina de Família e ComunidadeRESUMO
No disponible