Self-Paced Versus Instructor-Paced Preclinical Training in Operative Dentistry: A Case Study.

Preclinical operative dentistry courses have traditionally involved a lockstep series of live lectures and laboratory exercises. The aims of this study were to assess the effects of an experimental self-paced operative dentistry course on students' perceptions and performance and to compare performance outcomes for this class with the classes two years prior and two years after, which were instructed with the traditional curriculum. In 2013, all lectures in one of three operative dentistry courses at the University of Minnesota School of Dentistry were placed online as narrated slide sequences. For the study, conducted in 2017, students' performance in the course in all five years was assessed, based on exams taken after the laboratory and lecture segments of the course and the practical exam. The experimental class was also invited to complete an end-of-course survey on perceptions of the learning experience. The number of students in classes using the traditional format (in 2011, 2012, 2014, and 2015) ranged from 103 to 108. In the experimental year (2013), 106 students were in the class; course assessments were done for all 106, and 104 responded to the survey (response rate 98%). The results showed no significant differences in assessments between the experimental class and the traditional classes. However, bench instructors reported feeling students in the experimental class were not as well prepared in laboratory sessions as were the traditionally trained students. On the survey, only 22% of students in the experimental class said they always viewed assigned material before the lab periods, with 78% viewing it often, sometimes, seldom, or never. In this class, 48% preferred the online lectures, 37% preferred live lectures, and 16% had no preference. These mixed results suggest caution when developing self-paced courses.

Effect of Caffeinated Soft Drinks on Salivary Flow.

BACKGROUND: Soft drinks containing caffeine have been associated with more aggressive forms of dental decay. Cariogenicity of caffeinated soft drinks may be attributed to the effect of caffeine on salivary flow. This study assessed whether caffeinated soft drinks produced short-term oral dryness in healthy adults. METHODS: The authors collected saliva on two separate days from 35 participants before and one hour after drinking a soft drink. On one of the days the soft drink was caffeinated and on the other day it was not. Saliva collection involved 15 minutes unstimulated whole saliva, 5 minutes paraffin-stimulated whole saliva, and 10 seconds labial minor salivary gland output. RESULTS: Unstimulated and stimulated flow rates slightly increased and minor gland output slightly decreased one hour after the soft drink consumption regardless of caffeine content. These changes were not statistically significant (two-period two-treatment crossover trial using two-stage Grizzle model, p>0.05). A linear mixed model statistic did not show the caffeine effect on salivary flow rate. CONCLUSIONS: Caffeinated soft drink consumption had no significant effect on salivary flow rate after one hour by any of the three measures employed in this study. Caffeine's contribution to the cariogenicity of soft drinks is likely by centrally-mediated effects on consumption patterns.