RESUMO
Background: Heart failure (HF) is associated with recurrent hospital admissions and high mortality. Guideline-directed medical therapy has been shown to improve prognosis for patients who have HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Despite the proven benefits of guideline-directed medical therapy, its utilization is less than optimal among patients with HF in Malaysia. Objective: To determine the impact of a multidisciplinary team HF (MDT-HF) clinic on the use of guideline-directed medical therapy and patients' clinical outcomes at 1 year. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in a single cardiac centre in Malaysia. Patients with HFrEF who were enrolled in the MDT-HF clinic between November 2017 and June 2020 were compared with a matched control group who received the standard of care. Data were retrieved from the hospital electronic system and were analyzed using statistical software. Results: A total of 54 patients were included in each group. Patients enrolled in the MDT-HF clinic had higher usage of renin-angiotensin system blockers (54 [100%] vs 47 [87%], p < 0.001) and higher attainment of the target dose for these agents (35 [65%] vs 5 [9%], p < 0.001). At 1 year, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was significantly greater in the MDT-HF group (35.7% [standard deviation 12.3%] vs 26.2% [standard deviation 8.7%], p < 0.001), and care in the MDT-HF clinic was significantly associated with better functional class, with a lower proportion of patients categorized as having New York Heart Association class III HF at 1 year (1 [2%] vs 14 [26%], p = 0.001). Patients in the MDT-HF group also had a significantly lower rate of readmission for HF (4 [7%] vs 32 [59%], p < 0.001). Conclusions: Patients who received care in the MDT-HF clinic had better use of guideline-directed medical therapy, greater improvement in LVEF, and a lower rate of readmission for HF at 1 year relative to patients who received the standard of care.
Contexte: L'insuffisance cardiaque (IC) est associée à des hospitalisations récurrentes et à une mortalité élevée. Il a été démontré qu'un traitement médical orienté par des lignes directrices améliore le pronostic des patients atteints d'insuffisance cardiaque avec fraction d'éjection réduite (ICFER). Malgré les avantages éprouvés du traitement médical orienté par des lignes directrices, son utilisation est loin d'être optimale chez les patients atteints d'IC en Malaisie. Objectif: Déterminer l'incidence d'une clinique d'IC en équipe multidisciplinaire (IC-ÉM) sur l'utilisation d'un traitement médical orienté par des lignes directrices et les résultats cliniques des patients à 1 an. Méthodes: Cette étude rétrospective a été menée dans un seul centre cardiaque en Malaisie. Les patients atteints d'ICFER inscrits à la clinique d'IC-ÉM entre novembre 2017 et juin 2020 ont été comparés à un groupe témoin apparié ayant reçu des soins standard. Les données ont été extraites du système électronique de l'hôpital et analysées à l'aide d'un logiciel statistique. Résultats: Au total, 54 patients ont été inclus dans chaque groupe. L'utilisation d'inhibiteurs du système rénine-angiotensine était plus élevée chez les patients inscrits à la clinique d'IC-ÉM (54 [100 %] contre 47 [87 %], p < 0,001) et la dose cible pour ces agents était mieux atteinte (35 [65 %] contre 5 [9 %], p < 0,001). Á 1 an, la fraction d'éjection ventriculaire gauche (FÉVG) moyenne était significativement plus élevée chez les patients ayant reçu des soins dans la clinique d'IC-ÉM (35,7 % [écart type 12,3 %] contre 26,2 % [écart type 8,7 %], p < 0,001), et les soins prodigués dans la clinique d'IC-ÉM étaient significativement associés à une meilleure classe fonctionnelle, avec une proportion plus faible de personnes classées comme ayant une IC de classe III selon la New York Heart Association à 1 an (1 [2 %] contre 14 [26 %], p = 0,001). Le taux de réadmission pour IC des patients du groupe IC-ÉM était aussi significativement plus faible (4 [7 %] contre 32 [59 %], p < 0,001). Conclusions: L'utilisation du traitement médical orienté par des lignes directrices chez les patients ayant reçu des soins dans la clinique d'IC-ÉM était meilleure, leur FÉVG s'est améliorée dans une plus grande mesure, et leur taux de réadmission pour IC à 1 an était plus faible par rapport aux patients ayant reçu les soins standard.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Luteolin is a flavonoid compound that has been widely studied for its various anti-cancer properties and sensitization to multidrug-resistant cells. However, the limited solubility and bioavailability of Lut hindered its potential clinical use. Theoretically, the combination of this compound with vitamin E TPGS and poloxamer 407 can produce a synergistic effect to enhance tumor apoptosis and P-glycoprotein inhibition. This study aimed to develop and optimize vitamin E TPGS/Poloxamer 407 micelles loaded with luteolin through investigating certain factors that can affect the encapsulation efficiency and particle size of the micelle. METHODS: A micelle was prepared using the film hydration method, and the micellar solution was lyophilized. The cake formed was analyzed. The factors investigated include the concentrations of the surfactants, ratio of vitamin E TPGS/Poloxamer 407, temperature of the hydrating solution, duration of hydration, and freezing temperature before lyophilization. The effects of these factors on the encapsulation efficiency and particle size of the micelle were also studied. The encapsulation efficiency was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, while particle size was measured using dynamic light scattering. RESULTS: The optimized micelle was found to have 90% encapsulation efficiency with a particle size of less than 40 nm, which was achieved using a 10% concentration of surfactants at a vitamin E TPGS/Poloxamer 407 ratio of 3:1. The optimized temperature for hydrating the micellar film was 40 °C, the optimized mixing time was 1 h, and the optimized freezing temperature was -80 °C. The solubility of the luteolin-loaded micelles increased 459-fold compared to pure Lut in water. The critical micelle concentration of the vitamin E TPGS/Poloxamer 407 micelle was 0.001 mg/mL, and the release study showed that luteolin-loaded micelles exhibited sustained release behavior. The release of luteolin from a micelle was found to be higher in pH 6.8 compared to pH 7.4, which signified that luteolin could be accumulated more in a tumor microenvironment compared to blood. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that several factors need to be considered when developing such nanoparticles in order to obtain a well-optimized micelle.