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1.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 8(1): 8-13, ene.2015. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-789317

RESUMO

Salivary cortisol levels and saliva alpha-amylase enzymatic activity are non-invasive markers of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system related to stress, which could be associated with excessive energy intake in response to stressors. Aim: To describe the diurnal variation of salivary cortisol levels and á-amylase activity in prepubertal girls and to assess their change after meals and physical activity episodes. Subjects and Methods: Nine normal-weight girls aged 8 to 10 years were monitored for 14 hours, from 6:00 AM to 20:00 h. Three standardized meals were administered across the day with a controlled sport competition performed at the end of the day. Saliva samples were drawn upon awakening, 30 min after awakening, before and after lunch, before and after dinner, and before-after the controlled episode of physical activity. Results: A decreasing salivary cortisol diurnal pattern was confirmed, with an initial increase occurring 30 minutes after waking up. An ascending diurnal pattern was observed for salivary amylase activity. Meals significantly increased cortisol levels, with a non-significant trend to increase amylase activity. The magnitude of physical activity during acute exercise was associated with increased salivary amylase activity (rho = 0.84; P <0.01). Cortisol levels were positively correlated with body mass index z scores (rho = 0.87; P <0.01). Conclusions: We confirmed the existence of a diurnal pattern of salivary cortisol levels and á-amylase activity in saliva that is modulated by diet and exercise. Our preliminary results also show that salivary cortisol might be related with body weight...


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Hidrocortisona/análise , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Atividade Motora , Saliva/química , alfa-Amilases Salivares/análise , Antropometria , Pressão Arterial , Ritmo Circadiano , Periodicidade , Exercício Físico , Estudo Observacional
2.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 85(1): 22-30, feb. 2014. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-708811

RESUMO

Introduction: The assessment of nutritional status plays a critical role in comprehensive child care, however, in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is difficult to meet some reliable anthropometric measures, particularly height. Objective: To determine if the equations to estimate stature, developed and validated in CP populations of other countries, apply to our reality. Patients and Method: An anthropometric assessment in 60 children with cerebral palsy that included measurement of weight, height and body segments like tibia length (TL) and knee height (KH) was performed. The height was estimated using the above described segments and the Stevenson et al.¹ equations. The correlation and agreement between the measured and the estimated stature were evaluated. Results: Height could be reliably measured in 36 individuals and in all cases height was estimated. The correlation between the measured and the estimated lengths for TL and KH was 0.975 and 0.981 respectively (p < 0.001). The analysis of agreement between the estimated and measured lengths showed on average a significant level of agreement, with an error of -2.96 cm for TL and 0.21 cm for KH. Conclusions: The equations to estimate stature from the body segments, tibia length and knee height, are valid and useful to assess the linear growth in children with CP in our population.


Introducción: La evaluación del estado nutricional es fundamental en el cuidado integral del niño, sin embargo, en los niños con parálisis cerebral (PC) existe dificultad para obtener medidas antropométricas confiables, particularmente de la estatura. Objetivo: Determinar si las ecuaciones para estimar la talla, desarrolladas y validadas en población con PC de otras nacionalidades, tienen aplicabilidad en nuestro medio. Pacientes y Método: Se realizó una evaluación antropométrica en 60 niños con parálisis cerebral que incluyó la medición del peso, la talla y los segmentos corporales: Longitud de la tibia (LT) y altura de rodilla (AR). La talla se estimó usando los segmentos antes descritos y las ecuaciones de Stevenson et al¹. Se evaluó la correlación y concordancia entre la talla medida y la estimada. Resultados: En 36 individuos la talla pudo ser medida de manera confiable y en todos los casos la talla también se estimó. La correlación entre la longitud medida y la estimada con LT y fue de 0,975 y de 0,981 respectivamente (p < 0,001). El análisis de la concordancia entre longitud estimada y longitud medida, en promedio, mostró un importante nivel de acuerdo, evidenciando un error sistemático de -2,96 cm en la talla estimada con el segmento LT y de 0,21 cm con AR. Conclusiones: Las ecuaciones para estimar la talla a partir de los segmentos corporales, longitud de tibia y altura de rodilla, son válidas y útiles, para evaluar el crecimiento lineal de los niños con PC en nuestro medio, ante la dificultad de obtener medidas lineales convencionales.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Antropometria , Paralisia Cerebral , Avaliação Nutricional , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Chile , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Joelho/anatomia & histologia , Tíbia/anatomia & histologia
3.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 40(1): 21-25, mar. 2013. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-679027

RESUMO

Introducción: La nutrición enteral (NE) es la entrega de nutrientes al tracto gastrointestinal mediante una sonda nasogástrica (SNG), nasoyeyunal (SNY) o de gastrostomía (GTT); siendo la ruta preferida para satisfacer las necesidades nutricionales cuando la vía oral está contraindicada o es insuficiente. Objetivo: Describir el perfil de pacientes pediátricos que requirieron NE domiciliaria y su efecto en el estado nutritivo. Sujetos y Método: Estudio analítico retrospectivo, en 37niños hospitalizados en el Servicio de Pediatría del Hospital Clínico Universidad Católica (UC) que fueron dados de alta con soporte nutricional enteral durante el período de Abril 2010 a Abril 2011. Resultados: La indicación principal para iniciar soporte nutricional fue trastorno de deglución (n=27), siendo la mayoría de los pacientes menores de 1 año al momento de recibir la indicación (n=27). El tipo de dispositivo más utilizado fue GTT (n=20). No hubo complicaciones asociadas al uso de SNG. Las complicaciones asociadas al uso de GTT fueron: granuloma periostomal (n=7), neumonía por aspiración (n=3) y retiro accidental (n=1). Del total de pacientes evaluados, un 62% presentaba desnutrición calórico-proteica al inicio de la NE versus 30% al último control (p<0,001). Conclusión: El uso de soporte nutricional enteral permite recuperar y/o mantener el estado nutricional de losniños con trastornos de la deglución y alteraciones en la curva del crecimiento, mejora la calidad de vida, y presenta una tasa baja de complicaciones mayores.


Enteral nutrition (EN) is the delivery ofnutrients to the gastrointestinal tract by nasogastric (SNG), nasojejunal (SNY) or gastrostomy (GTT), being the preferred route to fulfill nutritional needs when the oral route is contraindicated or inadequate. Objective: To describe the clinical profile of pediatric patients with home EN and to assess their nutritional status. Subjects and methods: A retrospective analytic study in 37 children from the Pediatric Service Hospital Clinico UC, discharged with enteral nutrition support from April 2010 to April 2011. Results: The main indication to use EN was swallowing disorder (n=27). 73% began EN before one year of life. GTT was the principal route to EN (n=20). There were no complications associated to NGT or OGT. The reported complications associated with GTT were periosteal granuloma (n=7), aspiration pneumonia (n=3) and accidental removal (n=1). 62% ofpatients had protein-calorie malnutrition (z-score W/H) at baseline vs. 30% at the last control (p<0,001). Conclusion: The use of enteral nutrition allows to restore and/ or to maintain nutritional status in children with swallowing disorder or undernutrition. This feeding procedure also improves the quality of life and promotes a proper development without major complications.


Assuntos
Pediatria , Criança , Estado Nutricional , Nutrição Enteral , Necessidades Nutricionais
4.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 82(6): 502-511, dic. 2011. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-612183

RESUMO

Estimation of thickness of subcutabeous folds (SqF) is a simple way to estimate body composition in children, although it has its limitations. Double photon densitometry (DXA) is considered a new standard. Objective: To compare the precision of estimation of body fat by SqF and DXA in a population of Chilean children. Patients and Methods: Body fat was estimated in 128 eutrophic healthy children (70 females, 58 males), between 2 and 18 y.o. through SqF equations and DXA. Differences between both methods were evaluated through the Bland and Altman method and Lin concordance coefficient. Results: Most SqF equations had poor concordance with DXA. There was better concordance if the Westrate and Deurenberg equation was used among prepuberal and children of all ages (average difference of 2,96 +/- 1,20 percent and 4,92 +/- 0,98 percent and Lin concordance index of 0,50 +/- 0,22 and 0,43 +/- 0,88, respectively). Conclusions: Body fat estimated through subcutaneous fold measurements is poorly correlated with double photon densitometry among Chilean children. However, until more precise equations are developed, Westrate and Deurenberg for all ages, and Westrate/Deurenberg specific for pre-puberal age can be used.


La estimación del grosor de pliegues subcutáneos (PS) es una manera simple de estimar composición corporal en niños, sin embargo, tiene limitaciones. La densitometría de doble fotón (DXA) es considerada como el nuevo estándar de referencia. Objetivo: Comparar la precisión de la estimación del porcentaje de masa grasa por PS con la obtenida por DXA en población infantil chilena. Pacientes y Método: Se estimó el porcentaje de masa grasa en 128 niños (70 mujeres y 58 hombres) sanos, eutróficos, entre 2 y 18 años, por diversas ecuaciones de PS y se comparó con DXA. La diferencia entre ambos mediciones fue evaluada mediante el método de Bland y Altman y el coeficiente de concordancia de Lin. Resultados: La mayoría de las ecuaciones de PS tuvieron un pobre nivel de concordancia con DXA. Sin embargo, existe una mejor concordancia entre lo calculado según PS y DXA tanto en niños pre-puberales con la fórmula específica de Westrate y Deurenberg y en niños de todas las edades, con la ecuación general de Westrate y Deurenberg (diferencia promedio de 2,96 +/- 1,20 por ciento y 4,92 +/- 0,98 por ciento e índice de concordancia de Lin de 0,50 +/- 0,22 y 0,43 +/- 0,88, respectivamente) Conclusiones: La estimación del porcentaje de masa grasa a partir de los PS, tiene una baja concordancia, sin embargo, mientras no se desarrollen ecuaciones con una precisión más alta se podrían utilizar las ecuaciones de Westrate y Deurenberg a todas las edades y la de Westrate y Deurenberg específica para la edad pre-puberal.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Absorciometria de Fóton , Composição Corporal , Dobras Cutâneas , Adiposidade , Antropometria , Índice de Massa Corporal , Chile
5.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 82(2): 87-92, abr. 2011. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-592105

RESUMO

Eating disorders among nursing and preschool children are a common cause of outpatient consultation in pediatrics and nutrition. It is essential to rule out organic causes, especially when there is nutritional involvement. Among non-organic causes there are several subtypes depending upon the trigger. Environmental and nutritional factors can be modified. Curiously, many of them are directly related to the perception of hunger and satiety the individual will develop from childhood.


Los trastornos de la alimentación en el lactante y preescolar siguen siendo un motivo frecuente de consulta en policlínicos de pediatría y nutrición infantil. Descartar causas orgánicas, sobre todo cuando existe compromiso nutricional, es de fundamental importancia. Dentro de los trastornos de origen no orgánico existen varios subtipos dependiendo de la causa desencadenante. Muchos factores involucrados tanto ambientales como nutri-cionales, son susceptibles de ser modificados. Curiosamente, muchos de ellos se relacionan directamente con la capacidad de percepción de las sensaciones de hambre y saciedad que el individuo desarrollará desde niño.


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/etiologia , Fome/fisiologia , Saciação/fisiologia
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 132(8): 995-1000, ago. 2004. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-384197

RESUMO

Persistent neonatal hyperinsulinism is the most common cause of refractory hypoglycemia during the first year of life. Inadequate insulin secretion is associated to mutations of four different genes, that can be diagnosed to orient patient management. We report two patients: a female newborn that presented a hypoglycemia of 16 mg/dl two hours after birth, was subjected to a subtotal pancreatectomy that did not correct hypoglycemia, requiring a total pancreatectomy. Pathological study of the pancreas showed a focal adenomatous hyperplasia. At the present time, she is three years of age and maintains euglycemia with fractionated feeding. A male newborn that had seizures at 28 hours of life and a hypoglycemia of 15 mg/dl was detected. He was also subjected to a subtotal pancreatectomy, that did not correct hypoglycemia and had to be extended to a total pancreatectomy. At the present time, he is 3 years and 11 months of age and has a normal psychomotor development (Rev Méd Chile 2004; 132: 995-1000).


Assuntos
Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Hiperinsulinismo Congênito/cirurgia , Hiperinsulinismo Congênito/diagnóstico , Pancreatectomia , Pâncreas/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Hiperplasia/diagnóstico
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