Rational design of dicarboxylato platinum(II) complexes with purine-mimetic ligands as novel anticancer agents.

Six novel platinum(II) complexes containing purine-mimetic ligands (5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dmtp), 7-isobutyl-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (ibmtp), 5,7-ditertbutyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dbtp)) and dicarboxylato ligands (glutarato (glut) or cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylato (CBDC)) have been prepared and characterized with multinuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C, 15N, 195Pt) NMR, infrared (IR) and X-ray crystallography. Spectroscopic data in solid state and in solution unambiguously confirm the square-planar geometry of Pt(II) with two monodentate N3-bonded 5,7-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine ligands and one O-chelating dicarboxylato ligand. Next, the effect of all the platinum(II) compounds on the viability of normal or cancer cells and their putative mechanisms of action have been investigated. Of the studied platinum(II) complexes, two ([Pt(glut)(dbtp)2] and [Pt(CBDC)(dbtp)2]) overcame the cisplatin resistance in human ovarian tumor cells (A2780cis or OVCAR-3) and arrested the cell cycle at S phase in mice mammary gland cancer cells (4T1), which indicates a mechanism of action different from that of cisplatin. Interestingly, preliminary in vivo toxicity assays revealed that both compounds tested in mice ([Pt(glut)(dbtp)2] 3 and [Pt(CBDC)(dbtp)2] 6) were less toxic in vivo than cisplatin or oxaliplatin. Additionally, compound 6 did not cause myelosuppression and showed over fivefold less accumulation in the liver than its glutarato analog 3.

Cytotoxic malonate platinum(II) complexes with 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives: structural characterization and mechanism of the suppression of tumor cell growth.

A series of malonate (mal) platinum(II) complexes of the general formula [Pt(mal)(L)2], where L=5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dmtp) (1), 7-isobutyl-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (ibmtp) (2) or 5,7-ditertbutyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dbtp) (3), has been prepared and characterized using multinuclear ((1)H, (13)C, (15)N, (195)Pt) NMR, IR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS). Furthermore, the crystal structures of [Pt(mal)(dmtp)2]∙4H2O (1a) and [Pt(mal)(dbtp)2]∙CHCl3 (3a) have been determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The spectroscopic characterization unambiguously confirmed the square-planar geometry of Pt(II) with two monodentate N3-bonded 5,7-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and one O-chelating malonate. The antiproliferative activities of the compounds against the human cell lines T47D (cisplatin-resistant human ductal breast epithelial tumor cell line) and A549 (lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line) and the mouse cell line 4T1 (mouse breast tumor model) were assessed using an in vitro screening assay. Compounds (2) and (3) exhibited substantial antigrowth properties against T47D cells, whereas only (3) exhibited an IC50 value that was lower than cisplatin and carboplatin against the 4T1 cell line. Additionally, compounds (2, 3) are capable of arresting the cell cycle of A549 cells at the G0/G1 phase, whereas cisplatin and carboplatin arrested the cells at the G2/M phase, indicating differences in the mechanism of the suppression of tumor cell growth. Finally, in the quest for low toxicity platinum drugs, the in vitro antiproliferative activity against normal mouse fibroblast cells (BALB/3T3) was evaluated. The inhibition of BALB/3T3 cell proliferation by the evaluated Pt(II) complexes increased in the order (1)<(2)<