RESUMO
Angiotensin type 2 receptor gene null mutant mice display congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). Various features of mouse CAKUT impressively mimic human CAKUT. Studies of the human type 2 receptor (AGTR2) gene in two independent cohorts found that a significant association exists between CAKUT and a nucleotide transition within the lariat branchpoint motif of intron 1, which perturbs AGTR2 mRNA splicing efficiency. AGTR2, therefore, has a significant ontogenic role for the kidney and urinary tract system. Studies revealed that the establishment of CAKUT is preceded by delayed apoptosis of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells surrounding the urinary tract during key ontogenic events, from the ureteral budding to the expansive growth of the kidney and ureter.
Assuntos
Nefropatias/genética , Receptores de Angiotensina/genética , Doenças Urológicas/genética , Animais , Apoptose/genética , Humanos , Hibridização In Situ , Rim/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Rim/patologia , Nefropatias/patologia , Masculino , Mesoderma/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Mutação/genética , Linhagem , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Splicing de RNA/genética , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Sistema Urinário/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Sistema Urinário/patologia , Doenças Urológicas/patologiaRESUMO
Pulse oximetry monitoring was used with this patient to correlate his oxygen saturation with his functional activity. The primary focus was to monitor the patient's oxygenation while he was engaging in routine activities of daily living. A secondary focus was to make changes or adaptations in the activity when his oxygen saturation values fell below the accepted level of 90%. The benefits of pulse oximetry include the simultaneous reporting of oxygen saturation and heart rate during the patient's activities. Immediate instruction on how to adapt functional activities to conserve energy was given to the patient on the basis of the oximeter readings. For both patient and therapist, the pulse oximeter was a relatively uncomplicated tool to use, and the information that it provided was useful in monitoring occupational therapy intervention during functional activity. Further research studies may support criteria for energy conservation protocols and activity prescription.
Assuntos
Atividades Cotidianas , Pneumopatias Obstrutivas/reabilitação , Terapia Ocupacional , Oximetria , Idoso , Humanos , Pneumopatias Obstrutivas/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Monitorização Fisiológica/métodosRESUMO
Forty-eight stroke patients with shoulder pain were assessed for degree of pain at rest and on movement of the affected arm, and presence and grade of subluxation. Degree of pain was assessed using a 6-point verbal rating scale. Presence and grade of subluxation were assessed from radiographs, using a 5-point categorization. Four radiographs were excluded. Subluxation was found in 24 (54.5%) of the remaining 44 radiographs. No statistically significant difference was found in degree of pain between patients with and without subluxation. In addition, no correlation was found between grade of subluxation and degree of pain. It is suggested that the role of subluxation in the production of pain may not be as important as often believed.