RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To determine factors associated with absenteeism, presenteeism, work productivity loss (WPL), and daily activity impairment in UK patients with AxSpA using standardised measures. METHODS: 490 patients with AxSpA completed (1) Work Productivity and Impairment questionnaire (WPAI), providing measures for absenteeism, presenteeism, WPL and daily activity impairment, and (2) BASDAI, BASFI, BASMI, Jenkins Sleep scale, Patient Global Assessment disease activity (PGA), back pain night and anytime, EQ-5D for mobility, self-care, daily activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression, EQ-VAS Health State Today, FACIT fatigue, for health-related disease factors. Multivariate linear and logistic regression determined associations between WPAI measures and health-related factors. RESULTS: 301(61%) patients provided WPAI measurements, 76% were male, 87% HLA-B27+. Mean (SD) WPAI scores for absenteeism were 5.1%(19.2), presenteeism 22%(24.3), WPL 23.2%(25.7), activity impairment 34.8%(27.3). Absenteeism was associated with higher fatigue levels and more likely in patients with nrAxSpA. Presenteeism and WPL were both associated higher fatigue levels, BASDAI, and BASFI respectively. Daily activity impairment was associated with higher fatigue levels, BASFI, PGA, EQ-VAS, and smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Work productivity and impairment are associated with fatigue, disease activity, and functional ability in UK patients with AxSpA. The strong association of fatigue with all work measures as well as with daily activity impairment emphasises the need to better understand the impact of fatigue on patients' quality of life. Improving fatigue may help to optimise work status.
Assuntos
Absenteísmo , Atividades Cotidianas , Eficiência , Fadiga/fisiopatologia , Presenteísmo , Espondilite Anquilosante/fisiopatologia , Trabalho , Adulto , Idoso , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/epidemiologia , Fadiga/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Qualidade de Vida , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fumar/epidemiologia , Espondiloartropatias/complicações , Espondiloartropatias/epidemiologia , Espondiloartropatias/fisiopatologia , Espondilite Anquilosante/complicações , Espondilite Anquilosante/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Reino UnidoRESUMO
The velocity distributions of 250nm diameter gold nanospheres trapped in the evanescent fields of optical waveguides are studied. The automated analysis of a large number of particles and temporal frames is described. It is used to show that the envelope of the particles' speed follows the mode intensity profile of the evanescent field along a length of the waveguide and across its width. Modal beating in a dual-moded waveguide is mapped by analysis of nanoparticle distributions above the waveguide. A modal power of _150mW at l=1066nm in a Cs+ ion-exchanged monomode waveguide results in speeds of up to 500microm/s.
