RESUMO
The cavins are a family of proteins associated with caveolae, cavin-1, -2 and -3 being widely expressed while cavin-4 is restricted to striated muscle. Deletion of cavin-1 results in phenotypes including metabolic changes consistent with adipocyte dysfunction, and caveolae are completely absent. Deletion of cavin-2 causes tissue-specific loss of caveolae. The consequences of cavin-3 deletion are less clear, as there are divergent data on the abundance of caveolae in cavin-3 null mice. Here we examine the consequences of cavin-3 deficiency in vivo by making cavin-3 knockout mice. We find that loss of cavin-3 has minimal or no effects on the levels of other caveolar proteins, does not appear to play a major role in formation of protein complexes important for caveolar morphogenesis, and has no significant effect on caveolae abundance. Cavin-3 null mice have the same body weight and fat mass as wild type animals at ages 8 through 30 weeks on both normal chow and high fat diets. Likewise, the two mouse strains exhibit identical glucose tolerance tests on both diets. Microarray analysis from adipose tissue shows that the changes in mRNA expression between cavin-3 null and wild type mouse are minimal. We conclude that cavin-3 is not absolutely required for making caveolae, and suggest that the mechanistic link between cavin-3 and metabolic regulation remains uncertain.
Assuntos
Composição Corporal/genética , Cavéolas/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/metabolismo , Adipócitos/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Animais , Peso Corporal/genética , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Feminino , Glucose/genética , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose/métodos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Morfogênese/genética , RNA Mensageiro/genéticaRESUMO
There are no approved therapeutics for the most deadly nonsegmented negative-strand (NNS) RNA viruses, including Ebola (EBOV). To identify chemical scaffolds for the development of broad-spectrum antivirals, we undertook a prototype-based lead identification screen. Using the prototype NNS virus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), multiple inhibitory compounds were identified. Three compounds were investigated for broad-spectrum activity and inhibited EBOV infection. The most potent, CMLDBU3402, was selected for further study. CMLDBU3402 did not show significant activity against segmented negative-strand RNA viruses, suggesting proscribed broad-spectrum activity. Mechanistic analysis indicated that CMLDBU3402 blocked VSV viral RNA synthesis and inhibited EBOV RNA transcription, demonstrating a consistent mechanism of action against genetically distinct viruses. The identification of this chemical backbone as a broad-spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA synthesis offers significant potential for the development of new therapies for highly pathogenic viruses.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Ebolavirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Ebolavirus/genética , RNA Viral/biossíntese , Vesiculovirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Vesiculovirus/genética , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Ebolavirus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ebolavirus/fisiologia , Regulação Viral da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Transcrição Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Vesiculovirus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Vesiculovirus/fisiologia , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
9-Hydroxyphenalenone is a planar multicyclic beta-keto-enol that demonstrates C2V symmetry on the NMR timescale. Off-axis substitution breaks the molecular symmetry and results in tautomers. 1H and 13C NMR assignments were made for 9-hydroxyphenalenone and three methyl derivatives, and the solution-phase tautomers were determined.
