Performance analysis and parameter optimization for intelligent reflecting mirror array-aided visible light communications.

The effective deployment of an intelligent reflecting mirror array (IRMA) can enhance channel quality and improve the system performance in visible light communications (VLC) systems. This paper focuses on the performance analysis and parameter optimization of an IRMA-aided VLC system. Initially, the channel gains of both line-of-sight (LoS) link and non-LoS links are analyzed. Then, considering the blockage probability of a LoS link, a theoretical expression of the average bit error rate (ABER) is derived. To further improve the system performance, the optimization problems about the parameters of the IRMA are formulated, and schemes are proposed to solve these problems. Moreover, a kind of hardware implementation of the IRMA is provided. Numerical results verify the accuracy of the derived ABER expression and the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.

[Research progress on the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and the malignancy of the digestive system and possible pathogenetic mechanism].

The malignant tumors including oral cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and esophageal cancer, of the digestive system are a common high-fatal malignancy. Porphyromonas gingivalis, as the most important pathogen of periodontal disease, has been gradually proved that its invasiveness occurs not only in the mouth but also in other parts of the digestive system. Moreover, the relevant pathogenic mechanism is increasingly attracting the reseachers' attention. In this study, the role and possible pathogenesis of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the digestive system are described in a systematic and comprehensive way.

[Clinical analysis of anomalies of female reproductive system associated with urinary system].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of anomalies of female reproductive system with that of urinary system. METHODS: Two hundred and eighty-nine cases, including 59 with congenital vaginal inclined septum syndrome, 135 with septate uterus, 4 with unicornuate uterus, 13 with rudimentary horn of uterus, 58 with congenital absence of the uterus and vagina, 14 with imperforated hymen, and 6 with atresia of vagina, treated during the past 4 years, were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: Anomalies of urinary system were more frequently found in patients with anisomerous anomalies of reproductive system (85.53%, 65/76 cases). In 59 cases of congenital vaginal inclined septum syndrome, 43 had ipsilateral renal agenesis, 2 had one single pelvic kidney, 1 had bilateral horseshoe kidneys, 1 had left-side horseshoe kidney, 1 had one pair of renal pelvis and renal calices with ureters incorporated at middle and inferior segments on both sides. Ipsilateral renal agenesis was also seen in patients with rudimentary horn of uterus (14/14 cases) and unicornuate uterus (4/4 cases). However, there was no urinary system malformation seen in septate uterus patients (0/135 cases), imperforated hymen (0/16) and atresia of vagina (0/4 cases). Only 1 case of congenital absence of the uterus and vagina associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis. CONCLUSION: Anomalies of reproductive ducts associated with renal malformations, especially anisomerous anomalies of reproductive system are not unusual. Early recognition and diagnosis is very important to prevention and treatment of such diseases.

Matrix metalloproteinase 2 is associated with changes in steroid hormones in the sera and peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) levels in sera and peritoneal fluids of women with or without endometriosis-associated infertility and to determine whether MMP-2 had correlation with 17beta-E(2) and P in the sera and peritoneal fluids of the patients with endometriosis. DESIGN: A case-control study. SETTING: A women's hospital in China. PATIENT(S): Forty patients with endometriosis-associated infertility undergoing laparoscopy and 18 women undergoing tubal ligation. INTERVENTION(S): Sera and peritoneal fluids were collected from women with or without endometriosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Matrix metalloproteinase 2, 17beta-E(2), and P concentration. RESULT(S): Compared with the control women, the patients with endometriosis had higher MMP-2 levels in their sera and peritoneal fluids. Serum and peritoneal fluid MMP-2 levels were higher in the proliferative phase than in the secretory phase. The level of MMP-2 in the patients was correlated positively with 17beta-E(2) in serum and peritoneal fluid and negatively with P. CONCLUSION(S): The results demonstrated a correlation between MMP-2 concentrations and steroid hormones in sera and peritoneal fluids of the patients with endometriosis-associated infertility. Estradiol might up-regulate MMP-2, resulting in the formation of endometriosis. Progesterone might down-regulate MMP-2 to inhibit the formation and development of endometriosis.

[The effect of the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 protein on the window phase of endometrial implantation in unexplained infertillie women]

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 ( TIMP-1) protein on embryo implantation in unexplained infertile women. METHODS: Forty three women were divided into two groups: 29 unexplained infertile (study group) and 14 women with normal fertile function (control group).Immunohistochemical analysis was applied to measure the cell expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the endometrial implantation window phase of the two groups. RESULTS: The cells positive for these solu-ble proteinases were found in the epithelial and stromal cells in all endometrial samples. Semi-quantitative analysis showed that,MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were weaker in the endometrial glandular cells of infertile women then in those of the control group(MMP-9:230.79+/-43.92 compared with 307.78+/-44.25; TIMP-1:233.05+/-48.51 compared with 297.86+/-35.56,P<0.05). There was no statistical correlation between MMP-9 and TIMP-1 with blood estradiol(E(2)) and progesterone (P) in the two groups (P>0.05). But in control group, there was a negative correlation tendency in MMP-9/P and TIMP-1/P (MMP-9/P: r=-0.330,TIMP-1/P: r=-0.401). CONCLUSION: In unexplained inferrile women, the low expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 protein in the implantation window phase may be one of the important factors that affect the embryo impantation.