Reduced side effects and improved pain management by continuous ketorolac infusion with patient-controlled fentanyl injection compared with single fentanyl administration in pelviscopic gynecologic surgery: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study.

BACKGROUND: A combination of opioids and adjunctive drugs can be used for intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) to minimize opioid-related side effects. We investigated whether two different analgesics administered separately via a dual-chamber PCA have fewer side effects with adequate analgesia than a single fentanyl PCA in gynecologic pelviscopic surgery. METHODS: This prospective, double-blind, randomized, and controlled study included 68 patients who underwent pelviscopic gynecological surgery. Patients were allocated to either the dual (ketorolac and fentanyl delivered by a dual-chamber PCA) or the single (fentanyl alone) group. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and analgesic quality were compared between the two groups at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h postoperatively. RESULTS: The dual group showed a significantly lower incidence of PONV during postoperative 2-6 h (P = 0.011) and 6-12 h (P = 0.009). Finally, only two patients (5.7%) in the dual group and 18 (54.5%) in the single group experienced PONV during the entire postoperative 24 h and could not maintain intravenous PCA (odds ratio: 0.056, 95% CI [0.007, 0.229], P < 0.001). Despite the administration of less fentanyl via intravenous PCA during the postoperative 24 h in the dual group than in the single group (66.0 ± 77.8 vs. 383.6 ± 70.1 µg, P < 0.001), postoperative pain had no significant intergroup difference. CONCLUSIONS: Two different analgesics, continuous ketorolac and intermittent fentanyl bolus, administered via dual-chamber intravenous PCA, showed fewer side effects with adequate analgesia than conventional intravenous fentanyl PCA in gynecologic patients undergoing pelviscopic surgery.