Characterization of cyclophilin D in freshwater pearl mussel (Hyriopsis schlegelii).

Cyclophilin D (referred to as HsCypD) was obtained from the freshwater pearl mussel (Hyriopsis schlegelii). The full-length cDNA was 2 671 bp, encoding a protein consisting of 367 amino acids. HsCypD was determined to be a hydrophilic intracellular protein with 10 phosphorylation sites and four tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains, but no signal peptide. The core sequence region YKGCIFHRIIKDFMVQGG is highly conserved in vertebrates and invertebrates. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that CypD from all species had a common origin, and HsCypD had the closest phylogenetic relationship with CypD from Lottia gigantea. The constitutive mRNA expression levels of HsCypD exhibited tissue-specific patterns, with the highest level detected in the intestines, followed by the gonads, and the lowest expression found in the hemocytes.

History and current situation of digestive endoscope cleaning and disinfec-tion in domestic medical institutions / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To understand the history and current situation of digestive endoscope cleaning and disinfec-tion in domestic medical institutions.Methods Questionnaire survey was used to investigate and analyze the history and current situation of digestive endoscope cleaning and disinfection in medical institutions in some provinces and cities in China.Results A total of 278 medical institutions in 11 provinces and cities of China participated in the in-vestigation,78,175,and 278 institutions filled out complete information in 1986,2005,and 2015 respectively.The personnels participated in cleaning consisted of doctors,nurses and workers,the combination of nurses and workers increased from 2.56% in 1986 to 23.74% in 2015.In 1986,100% of medical institutions used storage water for di-gestive endoscope cleaning;in 2005 and 2015,all used running water for cleaning,besides,30.29% of medical in-stitutions used filtered water or purified water for cleaning,in 2015,50.72% of medical institutions used filtered water,17.63% used purified water for cleaning.In 1986,no cleaning enzyme were used,in 2015,98.92% of med-ical institutions used enzyme for cleaning;in 1986,irrigation of digestive endoscopy channel was performed with simple rinsing(94.87%),in 2015,enhanced irrigation (34.53%)and automatic irrigation (53.24%)were the main rinsing modes.In 2005 and before,>90% of digestive endoscope cleaning and disinfection were not recorded or manually recorded,in 2015,36.33% of institutions used information traceability system.Conclusion The staffing of digestive endoscope cleaning in domestic medical institutions,quality of cleaning water,selection of high efficien-cy disinfectant,monitoring and recording of digestive endoscope cleaning and disinfection in domestic medical insti-tutions were greatly improved compared with 1986 and 2005,cleaning and disinfection gradually standardized,disin-fection and sterilization methods of digestive endoscope tend to be diversified.

History and current situation of digestive endoscope cleaning and disinfec-tion in domestic medical institutions / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To understand the history and current situation of digestive endoscope cleaning and disinfec-tion in domestic medical institutions.Methods Questionnaire survey was used to investigate and analyze the history and current situation of digestive endoscope cleaning and disinfection in medical institutions in some provinces and cities in China.Results A total of 278 medical institutions in 11 provinces and cities of China participated in the in-vestigation,78,175,and 278 institutions filled out complete information in 1986,2005,and 2015 respectively.The personnels participated in cleaning consisted of doctors,nurses and workers,the combination of nurses and workers increased from 2.56% in 1986 to 23.74% in 2015.In 1986,100% of medical institutions used storage water for di-gestive endoscope cleaning;in 2005 and 2015,all used running water for cleaning,besides,30.29% of medical in-stitutions used filtered water or purified water for cleaning,in 2015,50.72% of medical institutions used filtered water,17.63% used purified water for cleaning.In 1986,no cleaning enzyme were used,in 2015,98.92% of med-ical institutions used enzyme for cleaning;in 1986,irrigation of digestive endoscopy channel was performed with simple rinsing(94.87%),in 2015,enhanced irrigation (34.53%)and automatic irrigation (53.24%)were the main rinsing modes.In 2005 and before,>90% of digestive endoscope cleaning and disinfection were not recorded or manually recorded,in 2015,36.33% of institutions used information traceability system.Conclusion The staffing of digestive endoscope cleaning in domestic medical institutions,quality of cleaning water,selection of high efficien-cy disinfectant,monitoring and recording of digestive endoscope cleaning and disinfection in domestic medical insti-tutions were greatly improved compared with 1986 and 2005,cleaning and disinfection gradually standardized,disin-fection and sterilization methods of digestive endoscope tend to be diversified.

Molecular cloning, sequence analysis, and cadmium stress-rated expression changes of BTG1 in freshwater pearl mussel (Hyriopsis schlegelii).

The B cells translocation gene 1 (BTG1) is a member of the BTG/TOB family of anti-proliferative genes, which have recently emerged as important regulators of cell growth and differentiation among verteates. Here, for the first time we cloned the full-length cDNA sequence of Hyriopsis schlegelii (Hs-BTG1), an economically important freshwater shellfish and potential indicator of environmental heavy metal pollution, for the first time. Using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) together with splicing the EST sequence from a haemocyte cDNA liary, we found that Hs-BTG1 contains a 525 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 174 amino-acid polypeptide, a 306 bp 5' untranslated region (5' UTR), and a 571 bp 3' UTR with a Poly(A) tail as well as a transcription termination signal (AATAAA). Homologue searching against GenBank revealed that Hs-BTG1 was closest to Crassostrea gigas BTG1, sharing 50.57% of protein identities. Hs-BTG1 also shares some typical features of the BTG/TOB family, possessing two well-conserved A and B boxes. Clustering analysis of Hs-BTG1 and other known BTGs showed that Hs-BTG1 was also closely related to BTG1 of C. gigas from the inverteate BTG1 clade. Function prediction via homology modeling showed that both Hs-BTG1 and C. gigas BTG1 share a similar three-dimensional structure with Homo sapiens BTG1. Tissue-specific expression analysis of the Hs-BTG1 via real-time PCR showed that the transcripts were constitutively expressed, with the highest levels in the hepatopancreas and gills, and the lowest in both haemocyte and muscle tissue. Expression levels of Hs-BTG1 in hepatopancreas (2.03-fold), mantle (2.07-fold), kidney (2.2-fold) and haemocyte (2.5-fold) were enhanced by cadmium (Cd²âº) stress, suggesting that Hs-BTG1 may have played a significant role in H. schlegelii adaptation to adverse environmental conditions.

RNA interference of RelB enhances the radiosensitivity of prostate cancer cell line RM-1 in mice / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of RNA interference of the RelB gene on the radiosensitivity of the mouse prostate cancer cell line RM-1 and its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We constructed RelB siRNA-expressing lentiviral vectors targeting the RelB gene with the molecular biological technique, and determined the expressions of RelB mRNA and protein on radiation after transfection with siRelB mediated by liposome using RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. We also detected the apoptosis of RM-1 cells by FCM assay and their radiosensitivity by clonogenic assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expressions of RelB mRNA and protein were significantly lower in the RM-1 cells than in the control and negative interference groups after transfection with RelB siRNA (P < 0.05), while the apoptosis of RM-1 cells remarkably higher in the siRelB-RM-1 than in the control group after radiation treatment (P < 0.05). The activity of MnSOD was markedly decreased (P < 0.05), and the radiosensitization rate of the RM-1 cells in the RelB-RM-1 group was 5.13 after radiation treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>RNA interference of the RelB gene could enhance the radiosensitivity of the mouse prostate cancer cell line RM-1, which might be associated with its inhibition of Mn-SOD expression and induction of cell apoptosis.</p>

[Study on the morphology of influenza virus A by atomic force microscopy].

The aim of the study is through observing the morphology of the prepared influenza virus (H1N1) with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to explore the application of AFM on the research of the external character of viruses and provide a new, simple and efficient technique for the study of the viral morphology. TEM image was obtained by negatively stained influenza virus with 1% Phosphotungstic Acid; AFM image applied the tapping mode to influenza virus without any further treatment in air at room temperature, and the morphology parameters, including length (diameter), Ra and Rq are calculated by sectional analysis. The shapes of influenza virus A are spherical, filamentous or other pleomorphous particles observed by both AFM and TEM. TEM image of influenza virus A is two-dimensional image, and viral surface has visible spikes, while AFM exhibits the three-dimensional image that can be described with several quantifiable indexes through sectional analysis. AFM phase images show viral surface clearly which is characterized by rugged feature and gear-like protuberance. As compared with TEM, AFM is a new research tool for viral morphology study with the advantages of simple sample preparing, visible interface and is intuitionistic for researchers. The surface characteristic parameters of viruses provided by AFM can be served as the main quantifiable indexes for viral morphological study.