Three new species of Cyanosporus (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from China.

Cyanosporus is a cosmopolitan genus characterized by effused-reflexed to pileate basidiomata with a bluish tint and allantoid to cylindrical basidiospores which are negative to weakly positive in Melzer's reagent and Cotton Blue, causing a brown rot. Three new species of Cyanosporus, namely, C.linzhiensis, C.miscanthi and C.tabuliformis are described and illustrated. Phylogenies on Cyanosporus are reconstructed with seven loci DNA sequences including ITS, nLSU, nSSU, mtSSU, RPB1, RPB2 and TEF1 based on phylogenetic analyses combined with morphological examination. The description for the new species is given. The main morphological characteristics of all 38 accepted species in Cyanosporus are summarized.

Molecular and morphological data reveal two new polypores (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) with reddish brown to orange basidiomata from China.

Two taxonomically controversial polypore genera with reddish brown to orange basidiomata that stain reddish with KOH solution, Aurantiporus and Hapalopilus, are revised based on additional sampling, morphological examination, and phylogenetic analysis of a combined dataset of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-nLSU sequences. Hapalopilus is a monophyletic genus belonging to Phanerochaetaceae, whereas Aurantiporus is a polyphyletic genus belonging to Meruliaceae. Hapalopilus and Aurantiporus s. str. are circumscribed, and two new species - Aurantiporusorientalis and Hapalopilustabuliformis - are described and illustrated from temperate China. In addition, four new combinations, viz. Aurantiporusalboaurantius, A.mutans, A.tropicus and Luteoporiaalbocitrina, are proposed based on morphology and phylogenetic analysis. The relationships between Aurantiporus and Hapalopilus are discussed.

[Identification of HSP70 gene family members in Fritillaria cirrhosa and expression analysis in different tissues under high temperature stress].

The heat shock protein 70 family contains the stress proteins ubiquitous in plants. These proteins are involved in the responses to different abiotic stress conditions and have highly conserved gene sequences. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of Fritillaria cirrhosa in response to high-temperature stress. Here, 26 HSP70s, FcHSP70-1 to FcHSP70-26, were identified from the transcriptome data of root, bulb, stem, leaf, and fruit samples of F. cirrhosa. The proteins encoded by FcHSP70s had the lengths ranging from 560 aa to 944 aa, with the molecular weight of 61.64-100.01 kDa and the theoretical isoelectric point between 5.00 and 6.59. The secondary structural elements of HSP70s were mainly random coils and α-helixes. Subcellular localization prediction revealed that FcHSP70s were distributed in mitochondria, chloroplasts, nuclei, endoplasmic reticulum, and cytoplasm. The phylogenetic tree showed that 7 members of the HSP70 family belonged to the Dnak subfamily and 19 members belonged to the HSP110/SSE subfamily. In addition, the qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of FcHSP70-5, FcHSP70-8, FcHSP70-17, FcHSP70-18, and FcHSP70-23 in F. cirrhosa was significantly up-regulated at 35 ℃, which indicated that these genes might play a role in the response to high temperature stress. In addition, compared with other tissues, stems and leaves were sensitive to high temperature stress, with the expression of 18 genes up-regulated by 18.18 and 8.03 folds on average, respectively. These findings provide valuable information about the molecular mechanism of HSP70s of F. cirrhosa in response to high temperature stress.

Two new species of Perenniporia sensu lato (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from China and two new combinations in Crassisporus.

Phylogenetic and morphological analyses on Perenniporia s.l. were carried out. Phylogenies on Perenniporia s.l. are reconstructed with two loci DNA sequences including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the large subunit (nLSU). Two new species from Yunnan Province, southwest China, Perenniporiaprunicola and P.rosicola in Perenniporia s.l., are illustrated and described. Perenniporiaprunicola is characterised by the perennial and resupinate basidiomata with a clay pink pore surface when fresh, a trimitic hyphal system, the presence of clavate to fusiform hymenial cystidia, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 4.8-6.2 × 3.6-4.5 µm. Perenniporiarosicola is characterised by annual and resupinate basidiomata with a white pore surface when fresh, a dimitic hyphal system, the presence of dendrohyphidia, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 5-5.8 × 4-5.2 µm. In addition, Crassisporus is a genus in Perenniporia s.l., in which two new combinations Crassisporusminutus and C.mollissimus are proposed. Main morphological characteristics of species related to new taxa are also provided.

Three new species of Favolaschia (Mycenaceae, Agaricales) from South China.

The genus Favolaschia within the family Mycenaceae is characterised by the gelatinous basidiomata with poroid hymenophore and most species inhabit monocotyledonous plants. In this study, many samples covering a wide geographic range in China were examined morphologically and phylogenetically using concatenated ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-nLSU sequence data. Three new species clustering in Favolaschiasect.Anechinus, namely Favolaschiaimbricata, F.miscanthi and F.sinarundinariae, are described. Favolaschiaimbricata is characterised by imbricate basidiomata with pale grey to greyish colour when fresh and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 7-9 × 5-6.8 µm; F.miscanthi is characterised by satin white basidiomata when fresh, broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 7.5-10 × 5.5-7 µm and inhabit rotten Miscanthus; F.sinarundinariae is characterised by greyish-white basidiomata when fresh, dark grey near the base upon drying, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 7-9 × 5-7 µm and inhabit dead Sinarundinaria. The differences amongst the new species and their morphologically similar and phylogenetically related species are discussed. In addition, an updated key to 19 species of Favolaschia found in China is provided.

Molecular and morphological data reveal two new species of Tropicoporus (Hymenochaetaceae, Basidiomycota) from Australia and tropical Asia.

Phylogenetic analyses and morphological examination confirmed two new species in the tropical polypore genus Tropicoporus, T.oceanianus and T.zuzaneae, from Australia and tropical Asia, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis based on the two DNA markers including the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the large subunit (nLSU) gene shows that these two new species form two independent lineages nested in the genus Tropicoporus. T.oceanianus is characterized by perennial and ungulate basidiomata, the occasional presence of hymenial setae, a trimitic hyphal structure in the context and a dimitic hyphal system in the trama, and broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 5.2-6 × 4-5 µm. T.zuzaneae is characterized by perennial and resupinate basidiomata with distinct receding margin, glancing pores, very thin to almost lacking subiculum, a dimitic hyphal structure, the absence of any setal elements, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 3.8-4.9 × 3-4.2 µm. The differences among the new species and their phylogenetically related and morphologically similar species are discussed.

Rat cardiac fibroblasts inhibit gap junction between cardiomyocytes through increasing matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the effect of conditioned medium from hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R)-treated rat cardiac fibroblasts(CFs)on gap junction between cardiomyocytes and determine whether its mechanism is related to matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP2)activity.METHODS:(1)H9c2 cells were randomly divided into five groups:con-trol group,normal group,ARP-100 group,H/R group,and H/R+ARP-100 group.Scrape loading/dye transfer assay was used to assess the gap junction function.Western blot was used to detect the expression and phosphorylation levels of Cx43.Gelatin zymography assay was performed to measure MMP2 activity.(2)SD rats were randomly divided into control group,ARP-100 group,ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)group,and I/R+ARP-100 group,with 8 rats in each group.Micro-electrode array technology was used to record the type and duration of arrhythmia.Immunohistochemistry experiment was performed to assess expression levels and distribution of Cx43 in myocardial tissues.RESULTS:Compared with the con-trol group,the H/R group showed decreased protein expression of Cx43(P＜0.01),narrowed distance of lucifer yellow dif-fusion(P＜0.01),and increased MMP2 activity(P＜0.01).ARP-100 attenuated H/R-induced gap junction dysfunction(P＜0.05).The arrhythmia score was also reduced after perfusion with ARP-100(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:H/R-treated rat CFs can inhibit gap junction between cardiomyocytes,and its mechanism may involve increased MMP2 activity.

Basic Study on Inhibitory Effect of Sulforaphane on Inflammatory Response and Alleviation of Airway Remodeling in COPD Rats / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To investigate the ameliorative effect of sulforaphane on inflammatory response and airway remodeling in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods Seventy-five SD rats were randomly divided into the normal group,the model group,and the low-,medium-,and high-dose groups of sulforaphane,with 15 rats in each group.Except for the normal group,the COPD model was prepared in the remaining group using aroma smoke inhalation combined with intratracheal droplet lipopolysaccharide(LPS)method.After the successful modelling,the rats were administered the drug by gavage for 28 days.At the end of the administration,the general conditions of the rats in each group were observed,and the lung function[forced vital capacity(FVC),peak expiratory flow-rate(PEF),forceful expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1)]was examined,and the pathological changes of the lung tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining method,and the indexes of airway remodeling(thickness of the bronchial wall,thickness of the smooth muscle)were measured;the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to examine the lung function of the rats.The levels of inflammatory factors[tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),interleukin 1β(IL-1β)]were detected in lung tissue by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and changes in the protein expressions of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88),and nuclear transcription factor κB(NF-κB)were detected in lung tissue by Western Blot.Results(1)The rats in the model group had dry and lack of glossy fur,obvious coughing and nose scratching,shortness of breath,slow movement,and preferred to arch their backs and lie curled up;the rats in the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of sulforaphane showed significant improvement in shortness of breath,coughing,and other abnormal manifestations.(2)HE staining showed that the airway wall and smooth muscle of rats in the model group were thickened,the airway epithelium was damaged,and alveolar destruction,fusion,and massive infiltration of inflammatory cells were seen;the histopathological changes in the lungs of rats in the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of sulforaphane improved to varying degrees,with the airway wall becoming thinner,the degree of alveolar destruction being reduced,and the infiltration of inflammatory cells being reduced.(3)Compared with the normal group,FVC,PEF and FEV1 were significantly reduced in the model group(P＜0.05),and the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β,bronchial wall thickness,smooth muscle thickness,and the expression levels of TLR4,MyD88 and NF-κB were significantly increased in the model group(P＜0.05);and in comparison with the model group,the levels of FVC,PEF,and FEV1 were significantly increased in the rats in the sulforaphane low-,medium-,and high-dose groups(P＜0.05),and the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,bronchial wall thickness,smooth muscle thickness,and the expression levels of TLR4,MyD88,and NF-κB were significantly decreased(P＜0.05)compared with the model group.Conclusion Sulforaphane helps to inhibit the inflammatory response,attenuate airway remodeling,and improve the pathological injury and lung function of lung tissue in rats with COPD,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of TLR4,MyD88,and NF-κB protein expressions.

Identification of overlay differentially expressed genes in both rats and goats with blast lung injury through comparative transcriptomics / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#To identify the potential target genes of blast lung injury (BLI) for the diagnosis and treatment.@*METHODS@#This is an experimental study. The BLI models in rats and goats were established by conducting a fuel-air explosive power test in an unobstructed environment, which was subsequently validated through hematoxylin-eosin staining. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on lung tissues from both goats and rats. Differentially expressed genes were identified using the criteria of q ≤ 0.05 and |log2 fold change| ≥ 1. Following that, enrichment analyses were conducted for gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. The potential target genes were further confirmed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.@*RESULTS@#Observations through microscopy unveiled the presence of reddish edema fluid, erythrocytes, and instances of focal or patchy bleeding within the alveolar cavity. Transcriptome sequencing analysis identified a total of 83 differentially expressed genes in both rats and goats. Notably, 49 genes exhibited a consistent expression pattern, with 38 genes displaying up-regulation and 11 genes demonstrating down-regulation. Enrichment analysis highlighted the potential involvement of the interleukin-17 signaling pathway and vascular smooth muscle contraction pathway in the underlying mechanism of BLI. Furthermore, the experimental findings in both goats and rats demonstrated a strong association between BLI and several key genes, including anterior gradient 2, ankyrin repeat domain 65, bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold containing family A member 1, bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold containing family B member 1, and keratin 4, which exhibited up-regulation.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Anterior gradient 2, ankyrin repeat domain 65, bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold containing family A member 1, bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold containing family B member 1, and keratin 4 hold potential as target genes for the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of BLI.

Species diversity of pathogenic wood-rotting fungi (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) in China.

Wood-rotting basidiomycetes have been investigated in the Chinese forest ecosystem for the past 30 years. Two hundred and five pathogenic wood-decayers belonging to 9 orders, 30 families, and 74 genera have been found in Chinese native forests, plantations, and gardens. Seventy-two species (accounting for 35% of the total pathogenic species) are reported as pathogenic fungi in China for the first time. Among these pathogens, 184 species are polypores, nine are corticioid fungi, eight are agarics and five are hydnoid basidiomycetes. One hundred and seventy-seven species (accounting for 86%) cause white rot, while 28 species (accounting for 14%) result in brown rot; 157 species grow on angiosperm trees (accounting for 76.5%) and 44 species occur on gymnosperm trees (accounting for 21.5%), only four species inhabit both angiosperms and gymnosperms (accounting for 2%); 95 species are distributed in boreal to temperate forests and 110 in subtropical to tropical forests. In addition, 17 species, including Fomitopsis pinicola, Heterobasidion parviporum, and Phellinidium weirii etc. which were previously treated as pathogenic species in China, do not occur in China according to recent studies. In this paper, the host(s), type of forest, rot type, and distribution of each pathogenic species in China are given.

Two new species of Scytinostroma (Russulales, Basidiomycota) in Southwest China.

Two new species of Scytinostroma viz. S. acystidiatum and S. macrospermum, are described from southwest China. Phylogeny based on ITS + nLSU dataset demonstrates that samples of the two species form two independent lineages and are different in morphology from the existing species of Scytinostroma. Scytinostroma acystidiatum is characterized by resupinate, coriaceous basidiomata with cream to pale yellow hymenophore, a dimitic hyphal structure with generative hyphae bearing simple septa, the absence of cystidia, and amyloid, broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 4.7-7 × 3.5-4.7 µm. Scytinostroma macrospermum is characterized by resupinate, coriaceous basidiomata with cream to straw yellow hymenophore, a dimitic hyphal structure with generative hyphae bearing simple septa, numerous cystidia embedded or projecting from hymenium, and inamyloid, ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 9-11 × 4.5-5.5 µm. The differences between the new species and morphologically similar and phylogenetically related species are discussed.

Taxonomy and phylogeny of Sidera (Hymenochaetales, Rickenella clade) from China and North America revealing two new species.

Sidera, belonging to the Rickenella clade of Hymenochaetales, is a worldwide genus with mostly poroid hymenophore of wood-inhabiting fungi. Two new species in the genus, Sideraamericana and S.borealis, are described and illustrated from China and North America based on morphological and molecular evidence. They were mainly found growing on rotten wood of Abies, Picea and Pinus. S.americana is characterized by annual, resupinate basidiomata with silk sheen when dry, round pores (9-11 per mm), a dimitic hyphal system, and allantoid basidiospores measuring 3.5-4.2 × 1 µm. S.borealis is characterized by annual, resupinate basidiomata with cream to pinkish buff dry pore surface, angular pores (6-7 per mm), a dimitic hyphal system, and allantoid basidiospores measuring 3.9-4.1 × 1-1.1 µm. Phylogenetic analysis based on a combined 2-locus dataset [ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) + nuclear large subunit RNA (nLSU)] shows that the two species are members of Sidera, and they are compared with morphologically similar and phylogenetically related species, respectively. An identification key to 18 accepted species of Sidera in worldwide is provided.

Two new species of Antrodia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) in western China.

Two new species of Antrodia, A. aridula and A. variispora, are described from western China. Phylogeny based on a six-gene dataset (ITS + nLSU + nSSU + mtSSU + TEF1 + RPB2) demonstrates that samples of the two species form two independent lineages within the clade of Antrodia s.s. and are different in morphology from the existing species of Antrodia. Antrodia aridula is characterized by its annual and resupinate basidiocarps with angular to irregular pores of 2-3 mm each and oblong ellipsoid to cylindrical basidiospores measuring 9-12 × 4.2-5.3 µm, growing on gymnosperm wood in a dry environment. Antrodia variispora is characterized by its annual and resupinate basidiocarps with sinuous or dentate pores with a size of 1-1.5 mm each and oblong ellipsoid, fusiform, pyriform, or cylindrical basidiospores measuring 11.5-16 × 4.5-5.5 µm, growing on the wood of Picea. The differences between the new species and morphologically similar species are discussed in this article.

A contribution to Porogramme (Polyporaceae, Agaricomycetes) and related genera.

The polypores with shallow pores from tropical Asia and America are studied. Our molecular phylogeny based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1), and the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1) demonstrates six clades are formed among Porogramme and related genera. Two new genera, Cyanoporus and Pseudogrammothele, are established, and the six clades represent Porogramme, Cyanoporus, Grammothele, Epithele, Theleporus, and Pseudogrammothele, respectively. The molecular clock analyses estimate the divergence times of the six clades based on a dataset (ITS + LSU + TEF1 + RPB1 + RPB2), and we recognize the mean stem ages of the six genera are earlier than 50 Mya. Three new species in Porogramme were morphologically and phylogenetically confirmed, and they are described as P. austroasiana, P. cylindrica, and P. yunnanensis. Phylogenetic analysis shows that type species of Tinctoporellus and Porogramme are nested in the same clade, and Tinctoporellus is treated as a synonym of Porogramme. Based on our phylogeny, twelve new combinations are proposed, and the differences between the new species and similar or related species are discussed.

Biotinylated Tn5 transposase-mediated CUT&Tag efficiently profiles transcription factor-DNA interactions in plants.

In contrast to CUT&Tag approaches for profiling bulk histone modifications, current CUT&Tag methods for analysing specific transcription factor (TF)-DNA interactions remain technically challenging due to TFs having relatively low abundance. Moreover, an efficient CUT&Tag strategy for plant TFs is not yet available. Here, we first applied biotinylated Tn5 transposase-mediated CUT&Tag (B-CUT&Tag) to produce high-quality libraries for interrogating TF-DNA interactions. B-CUT&Tag combines streptavidin-biotin-based DNA purification with routine CUT&Tag, optimizing the removal of large amounts of intact chromatin not targeted by specific TFs. The biotinylated chromatin fragments are then purified for construction of deep sequencing libraries or qPCR analysis. We applied B-CUT&Tag to probe genome-wide DNA targets of Squamosa promoter-binding-like protein 9 (SPL9), a well-established TF in Arabidopsis; the resulting profiles were efficient and consistent in demonstrating its well-established target genes in juvenile-adult transition/flowering, trichome development, flavonoid biosynthesis, wax synthesis and branching. Interestingly, our results indicate functions of AtSPL9 in modulating growth-defence trade-offs. In addition, we established a method for applying qPCR after CUT&Tag (B-CUT&Tag-qPCR) and successfully validated the binding of SPL9 in Arabidopsis and PHR2 in rice. Our study thus provides a convenient and highly efficient CUT&Tag strategy for profiling TF-chromatin interactions that is widely applicable to the annotation of cis-regulatory elements for crop improvement.

Two new corticioid species of Phanerochaetaceae (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from Southwest China.

Two new corticioid fungi in the family Phanerochaetaceae, Phanerochaete shenghuaii and Rhizochaete variegata, are described and illustrated from Southwest China based on morphological characteristics and molecular data. Phanerochaete shenghuaii is characterized by annual, effused, inseparable basidiocarps from substrate, ivory white to cream hymenial surface when juvenile, buff to yellowish brown with age, buff in KOH, a monomitic hyphal system, smooth cystidia, and ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 4.8-6 × 2.5-3.8 µm. Rhizochaete variegata is characterized by annual, effused, easily separable basidiocarps from substrate, buff-yellow to clay-pink fresh hymenial surface becoming cream to buff upon drying, violet in KOH, a monomitic hyphal system, encrusted cystidia, and ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 3-4 × 2.2-3 µm. The phylogenetic analyses based on ITS + nLSU rDNA sequences confirm the placement of the two new species, respectively, in the Phanerochaete clade and the Rhizochaete clade of Phanerochaetaceae. Phylogenetically related and morphologically similar species to these two new species are discussed.

Application of UV-Vis and Infrared Spectroscopy on Wild Edible Bolete Mushrooms Discrimination and Evaluation: A Review.

Nowadays, wild edible bolete mushrooms are more and more attractive among consumers due to their natural health, nutrition, and delicious characteristics. Appropriate analytical techniques together with multivariate statistics analysis are required for the quality control and evaluation of these edible mushrooms. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and infrared (IR) technologies have the advantages of time-saving, low-cost, and environmentally friendly, are now prominent among major analytical technologies for quality evaluation of bolete mushrooms. Chemometrics methods have been developed to solve classification and regression issues of bolete mushrooms in combination with spectrum. This paper reviewed the most recent applications of UV-Vis and IR technology coupled with chemometrics in wild edible bolete mushrooms, including the identification of species, origin, and storage duration, fraud detection, and antioxidant properties evaluation, and discussed the limitations and prospects of spectroscopy technologies in the researches of bolete mushrooms, excepting to provide a reference for further research and practical application of wild edible bolete mushrooms.

Effects of exosomes derived from cardiac fibroblasts treated with hypothermic hypoxia-reoxygenation on ventricular electrical conduction during hypothermic cardiac ischemia-reperfusion in rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effects of exosomes derived from cardiac fibroblasts treated with hypothermic hypoxia-reoxygenation on ventricular electrical conduction during hypothermic cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods:SPF neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats of either sex, aged 1-2 days, were used, and primary cardiac fibroblasts were extracted by differential adhesion method. The cells were passaged for 2-4 generations. When the cell density reached 60%-70%, the cells were transferred and exposed to 95% N 2 + 5% CO 2 for 1 h at 4 ℃, and then exposed to 95% air + 5% CO 2 for 24-48 h at 37 ℃, and then exosomes were extracted. Twenty-four SPF healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 2-3 months, weighing 280-360 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=8 each) according to the random number table method: control group (group C), hypothermic cardiac IR group (I/R group) and exosome + hypothermic cardiac IR group (Exo-IR group). At 48 h before equilibrium perfusion, 1.5 ml (200 μg) of exosomes secreted by cardiac fibroblasts treated with hypothermic hypoxia-reoxygenation was injected into the tail vein in Exo-IR group, and PBS 1.5 ml was injected into the tail vein in C group and IR group each. Group C received 110 min equilibration perfusion. After 20 min of equilibration, the perfusion was suspended for 60 min (global ischemia) followed by 30 min of reperfusion in IR and Exo-IR groups. Microelectrode arrays were applied at 20 min of equilibrium perfusion and 15 and 30 min of reperfusion to obtain myocardial conduction velocity (CV), absolute conduction inhomogeneity (P 5-95) and inhomogeneity index (P 5-95/P 50) on the left ventricular surface of isolated rat hearts. Results:Compared with group C, the CV was significantly decreased at 15 and 30 min of reperfusion, and P 5-95 and P 5-95/P 50 were increased in IR and Exo-IR groups ( P<0.05). Compared with IR group, CV was significantly increased at 15 and 30 min of reperfusion, and P 5-95 and P 5-95/P 50 were decreased in Exo-IR group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Exosomes derived from cardiac fibroblasts treated with hypothermic hypoxia-reoxygenation can improve ventricular electrical conduction during hypothermic cardiac I/R in rats.

Based on Wnt/β-Catenin Signal Pathway to Explore the Mechanism of Tongluotangtai Recipe on GK Rats with Diabetes Peripheral Neuropathy / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Objective Exploring the effect of Tong luo tang tai(TLTT)on diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN)in GK rats with Wnt/β-The influence of the catenin signaling pathway.Methods Fifty GK rats were randomly divided into model group,TLTT high,medium,and low dose groups,and Western medicine group,with 10 rats in each group.Another 10 wistar rats were selected as the normal group.Except for the normal group,all other groups were fed with high fat to prepare DPN rat models.After 15 weeks,the DPN model was successfully prepared,and the rats in each group were treated by gavage.The high,medium,and low dose groups of TLTT were given traditional Chinese medicine TLTT 28 g·kg-1,14 g·kg-1,and 7 g·kg-1,respectively.The western medicine group was given metformin 100 mg·kg-1 and mecobalamin 0.2 mg·kg-1 by gavage.Rats in each group were administered once a day for 8 consecutive weeks.The general state,fasting blood sugar(FBS),thermal contraction latency(TWL),motor nerve conduction velocity(MNCV),and pathological changes in the sciatic nerve tissue were observed under transmission electron microscopy(Real time PCR)Western blot detection of wingless MMTV integration site family member 3A(Wnt3a)β Catenin(β-Catenin,Glycogen Synthesis Kinase-3β Glycogen synthesis kinase-3β,GSK-3β)MRNA and protein expression levels of antagonists(WNT inhibitor factor-1,Wif-1)on the Wnt signaling pathway.Results Compared with the normal group,the model group showed poorer general condition and significant pathological ultrastructural changes in the sciatic nerve.Its FBS level increased(P<0.01),TWL level decreased(P<0.01),and MNCV significantly slowed down(P<0.01).The model group had Wnt3a β-Catenin,GSK-3β MRNA and protein expression levels decreased(P<0.05),while Wif-1 mRNA and protein expression levels increased(P<0.01).After drug intervention,compared with the model group,the general condition and pathological ultrastructure of the sciatic nerve were improved in the TLTT high,medium,low,dose,and Western medicine groups,with a decrease in FBS levels(P<0.01)and an increase in TWL levels(P<0.05).The MNCV of each TLTT dose group and Western medicine group was significantly improved(P<0.01).The Wnt3amRNA of the TLTT high-dose group and Western medicine group was significantly increased(P<0.05),while the Wif-1mRNA of the TLTT high-dose group and Western medicine group was significantly reduced(P<0.05),There was a significant increase in Wnt3 protein in the high-dose and Western medicine groups of TLTT(P<0.01),as well as in the high-dose,medium,and low-dose TLTT and western medicine groups β-Catenin protein significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.05),with high,medium,and low doses of TLTT and Western medicine group GSK-3β The protein significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.05),while the Wif-1 protein significantly decreased(P<0.01,P<0.05)in the high and medium dose TTLTT and western medicine groups.Conclusion Tongluo Tangtai can alleviate sciatic nerve injury in DPN to a certain extent,and its mechanism may be related to the activation of Wnt/β,the catenin signaling pathway is involved.

Evaluation of knee cartilage based on MRI artificial intelligence reconstruction model of knee joint / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To explore the feasibility of the AI intelligent reconstruction model based on knee joint magnetic resonance data developed by Nuctech Company Limited for evaluating knee cartilage injury.Methods:Thirty-three patients (a total of forty-one knees) who were hospitalized with severe knee osteoarthritis in Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital from May 2021 to April 2022 were selected. All of them were planned to be performed total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Fifteen males with an average age of 71±5 years old and twenty six females with an average age of 71±9 years old were included in this study. There were 19 cases of left knee and 22 cases of right knee. Thin layer MRI examination on the patients' knee joints was performed before the surgery, and artificial intelligence model based on the thin layer MRI data of the knee joint was reconstructed. The cartilage part of the model was selected and corrected by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in order to realize model straightening. The tibial plateau cartilage of knee joint which intercepted during operation was classified according to the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS). Finally the results were compared with the ICRS classification results of knee artificial intelligence reconstruction model and artificial recognition of knee joint MRI images.Results:Compared with the grade of cartilage injury intercepted during our operation which was according to the ICRS classification, the sensitivity of artificial intelligence reconstruction model for the diagnosis of cartilage injury with ICRS classification grade four was 93.1%. The specificity of artificial intelligence reconstruction model was 91.4%. The positive predictive value (PPV) of artificial intelligence reconstruction model was 92.2%. And the negative predictive value (NPV) of artificial intelligence reconstruction model was 80.3%. The area under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.92. The ICRS classification consistency between artificial intelligence model and physical inspection results was good with kappa value 0.81 ( P<0.001) . In the aspect of artificial recognition of cartilage injury grading in MRI images, the sensitivity of artificial recognition was 92.10% compared with the manual identification of cartilage injury classification in MRI images. The specificity of artificial recognition was 91.60%. The positive predictive value (PPV) of artificial recognition was 97.20% and the negative predictive value (NPV) of artificial recognition was 78.8%. The kappa value of the cartilage injury classification in MRI images consistency between artificial recognition and manual identification was 0.79 ( P<0.001). Conclusion:Based on the evaluation of cartilage injury by AI reconstruction model of knee joint, the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of ICRS grade IV cartilage injury can be acceptable, but still needs to be improved.