Comparison of Effect of Hirudo， Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma， and Their Combinations on Renal Fibrosis in Rats with Chronic Renal Failure / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Hirudo， Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma， and drug pair on renal pathological morphology and protein phosphatase 2A （PP2A）/adenylate activated protein kinase （AMPK）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signal pathway in rats with chronic renal failure （CRF）. MethodThe 55 male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group （n=11） and a modeling group （n=44）. The normal group was fed conventionally， and the modeling group was given 0.25 g·kg-1·d-1 adenine by gavage for 28 days to replicate the CRF model. After successful modeling， rats were randomly divided into model group， Hirudo group （3 g·kg-1·d-1）， Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma group （3 g·kg-1·d-1）， and Hirudo + Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma group （3 g·kg-1·d-1）， with 9 rats in each group. The normal group and model group were given a constant volume of normal saline by intragastric administration for 30 days. At the end of the experiment， the levels of serum creatinine （SCr） and urea nitrogen （BUN） in all groups were measured. The renal pathological morphology changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， Masson staining， and electron microscopy. The mRNA expressions of PP2A， AMPK， and mTOR were detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The protein expression levels of PP2A， AMPK， phosphorylation（p）-AMPK， mTOR， and p-mTOR in renal tissue were detected by Western blot. ResultCompared with the normal group， the renal pathological structure changes were obvious， and the levels of SCr and BUN were significantly increased. The mRNA expression of PP2A， protein expression of PP2A， and p-mTOR/mTOR expression were significantly increased， and the p-AMPK/AMPK was significantly decreased in the model group （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the renal pathological morphology changes were significantly improved， and the levels of SCr and BUN were significantly decreased. The mRNA expression of PP2A， protein expression of PP2A， and p-mTOR/mTOR expression in the renal tissue were significantly decreased， and the p-AMPK/AMPK was significantly increased （P<0.05） in all groups after drug intervention. In addition， the effect in the Hirudo+Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma group was better. The mRNA expression levels of AMPK and mTOR in the renal tissue were not significantly different among the normal group， model group， and other groups. ConclusionThe efficacy of Hirudo and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma pairs in improving renal fibrosis in rats with CRF is significantly better than that of the single drug， and its improvement on renal fibrosis in rats with CRF may be related to the regulation of PP2A/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.

Clinical characteristics and treatment of eight cases of pemphigus/bullous pemphigoid complicated by herpes simplex virus infection / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To retrospectively analyze clinical characteristics and treatment of pemphigus/bullous pemphigoid (BP) complicated by herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection.Methods:Inpatients with pemphigus/BP complicated by HSV infection were collected from Wuhan No.1 Hospital from 2016 to 2021, and their clinical characteristics, treatment and follow-up results were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among the 8 patients with pemphigus/BP complicated by HSV infection, there were 2 males and 6 females, and their age was 50.6 ± 8.3 years. Five of them were diagnosed with pemphigus vulgaris (PV), 1 with pemphigus foliaceus (PF), and 2 with BP. Seven were infected with HSV-1, and 1 with HSV-2. All the 8 patients were given systemic glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents for the treatment of pemphigus or BP, and were admitted to the hospital due to resistance to the treatment. Seven patients presented with exacerbation or recurrence of primary lesions, and 1 presented with enlarged lesions all over the body. HSV infection-induced lesions were located on the trunk in 4 cases, on the oral mucosa in 4, on the scalp in 3, and on the face in 2; lesions mainly manifested as irregular erosions with blood crusts, and some centrally umbilicated pustules; 7 patients had obvious pain at the lesional sites. During HSV infection, anti-desmoglein 1 antibody levels decreased in all the 6 patients with pemphigus, and anti-desmoglein 3 antibody levels decreased in 4 of the 5 patients with pemphigus vulgaris; anti-BP180 antibody levels decreased in 1 patient with BP, but increased in the other one with BP. After antiviral therapy at adequate doses for adequate durations (7- to 14-day treatment with valacyclovir alone or in combination with ganciclovir), HSV infection was controlled, the autoimmune bullous skin disorder intensity scores decreased compared with those before the antiviral therapy, and pain was significantly relieved in all the patients. No dose adjustment of glucocorticoids or other immunosuppressive agents was made during antiviral therapy in all patients.Conclusion:HSV infection should be considered when patients with pemphigus/BP suffer from recurrence or exacerbation and poorly respond to conventional treatment; for patients with pemphigus/BP complicated by HSV infection, systemic antiviral therapy at adequate doses can be used to control the disease condition without modifying the conventional immunosuppressive regimen.

Research on Chemical Equivalence Characteristics of Polylactic Acid in Medical Devices / 中国医疗器械杂志

Polylactic acid is synthesized indirectly by the polymerization method, according to the standard GB/T 16886.18-2011, the evaluation parameters and methods about chemical characterization of polylactic acid have been established. By using rigorous and comprehensive comparative analysis, the chemical equivalency of domestic and imported polylactic acid materials has been proved, along with the "Medical Device Biology Evaluation and Review Guide", paving the way of using domestic polylactic acid in implantable medical devices.

Association study of clusterin polymorphism rs11136000 with late-onset Alzheimer's disease in Bai population / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the association between clusterin(CLU) gene rs11136000 poly-morphism and late-onset Alzheimer's disease ( LOAD) in Bai population from Dali Bai Autonomous Prefec-ture of Yunnan Province.Methods A case-control study including 109 LOAD patients and 120 normal con-trols matched for age,sex and level of education was taken in Dali Bai population.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) site testing were used to detect genotype and allele fre-quency of CLU SNP rs11136000.SPSS 17.0 was applied to analyze the data.Result ①The different fre-quency ( C:65.60%,T:34.40%,CC:38.53%,CT:54.13%,TT:7.34%) of CLU SNP rs11136000 genotypes and alleles distribution in Bai between LOAD patients and healthy controls showed no statistical significance (χ2=1.529, P=0.216;χ2=2.805, P=0.246) .②The serum total cholesterol ( TC) of LOAD patients was significantly higher than that in that of control group( t=2.508, P=0.013) .Conclusion The results suggest that CLU rs11136000 polymorphism may not be the susceptible gene of LOAD,and high serum total choles-terol is more common in LOAD patients.

The progress of radiotherapy in triple negative breast cancer / 实用肿瘤学杂志

The triple negative breast cancer is one of importance in clinical subtypes of breast cancer, which is easy to recur and metastasis, and its prognosis is very poor.Radiotherapy, as an effective method for breast cancer,can reduce the risk of local recurrence.This article elaborates its characteristics,the progress of ra-diotherapy in the breast conserving surgery and modified radical mastectomy in triple negative breast cancer,when is the appropriate time for radiotherapy and radiotherapy sensitization,and hope that it will be helpful to the treat-ments.

The progress of cancer malnutrition research during radiotherapy / 实用肿瘤学杂志

Cancer malnutrition observed in 31%~87% patients with cancer can reduce the tolerance and compliance to radiotherapy ,interrupt or delay the treatment ,and significantly affect the prognosis .The malnu-trition may be aggravated when the duration of radiotherapy is prolonged and chemotherapy is applied concurrent -ly.PG-SGA is the most suitable method for nutritional risk screening in patients with malignant tumor .According to the result of nutrition assessment ,giving the adaptive nutrition support can improve the nutritional status of pa-tients and the curative effect in the early stage of radiotherapy ,as wells as post radiotherapy .

Clinical and genetic analysis for a Joubert syndrome family with CC2D2A gene mutations / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To confirm the genetic diagnosis for providing services for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis, we analyzed the clinical and genetic data of a pedigree which is clinically diagnosed as Joubert syndrome.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A Joubert syndrome pedigree was enrolled as subject of this study from our hospital's outpatients in 2013. Following the medical history collection of the proband and the suffering fetus, target sequence capture and the next-generation sequencing technology were used for the proband and the suffering fetus to find the causative genes and sanger sequencing for the members of the pedigree to check and verify if the inherited mutations are in accordance with the Mendelian inheritance. Combining the clinical symptoms and signs with the total testing results, we analyzed the Joubert syndrome pedigree clinically and genetically.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The proband showed abnormal respiratory patterns (neonatal tachypnea) and hypertonia without abnormal eye movements, and reflected the molar tooth sign on the magnetic resonance imaging. And afterwards the patient developed hypotonia, ataxia, growth and intellectual disability accompanied by congenital blepharoptosis. There were no any symptoms and signs of liver, kidney and eyesight abnormalities so far. The affected fetus showed hydrocephalus by the auxiliary examination during the second trimesters of pregnancy without any appearance deformities. Both the proband and the affected fetus carried a missense mutation of CC2D2A gene c.2999A > T (p.Glu1000Val) from their father and carried the deletion of exon 20-21 on the same gene. Both variations were confirmed to be the Mendelian genetic compound heterozygous pattern. Whereas, the missense mutations c.2999A > T (p.Glu1000Val) on the CC2D2A gene have been proved to be inherited from the proband's father and the proband as well as the affected fetus. However, the proband's mother was normal at this locus of CC2D2A gene. The missense mutations c.2999A >T (p.Glu1000Val) have been confirmed to accord with Mendelian inheritance.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The Joubert syndrome patient may show hypertonia in the early postnatal days as a result of hydrocephalus during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy besides manifesting hypotonia, ataxia, growth and intellectual disability markedly with age accompanied by the congenital blepharoptosis and revealing the molar tooth sign on the magnetic resonance imaging, considering the medical history and the whole testing results, the compound heterozygous mutations of c.2999A > T (p.Glu1000Val) and deletion of exon 20-21 of CC2D2A gene in the pedigree may be the causal gene mutations.</p>

Optimization of Microwave-assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Enteromorpha prolifra by Orthogonal Test / 中草药·英文版

Objective To optimize microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenols from Enteromorpha prolifra.Methods Based on single-factor tests,an efficient microwave-assisted extraction(MAE)technique was developed to extract bioactive polyphenols from E.prolifra through orthogonal L16(4)5 test.Results The highest yield(0.923±0.013)mg/g was obtained when microwave power,solvent to raw material ratio,irradiation time,ethanol concentration,and extraction cycles were 500 W,25 mL/g,25 min,40%,and 3,respectively,which was higher than that of Soxhlet extraction with methanol for 6 h,ultrasound-assisted extraction with 40% ethanol for 1 h twice and heat reflux extraction with 40%ethanol for 2 h twice.Conclusion This finding indicates that MAE is a superior technique for the extraction of polyphenols due to less impurity,higher time efficiency and yield.

Inhibition of HBV-DNA replication and expression by siRNA based on magnetic nanoparticles transfering in HepG2 2.2.15 cells / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of downregulation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) core gene (HBcAg) expression by RNA interference and magnetic nanoparticles on both HBV DNA replication and expression in vitro. Methods HepG2 2.2.15 cells were transfected with U6 promoter plasmids coding for small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting HBV core gene using magnetic nanoparticles. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to assess the mRNA and protein expression HBV core antigen. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the suppression efficiency of HBV-DNA replication and expression; and radioimmunoassay was used for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), core antigen (HBcAg), and e antigen (HBeAg) detection. Results We successfully constructed nanoparticles with siRNA plasmid targeting HBV core antigen; HBcAg mRNA and HBV core antigen protein levels were significantly reduced in the transfected cells. HBV-DNA downregulation was estimated at 4-5 logs and the HBsAg and HBeAg levels were also reduced compared with the controls. Conclusion Downregulation of HBV core gene using RNAi technology and magnetic nanoparticles can potentially be used as a therapeutic strategy for Hepatitis B.

Clinical character and therapeutic effect of late-onset Wilson disease / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical character and therapeutic effect of late-onset Wilson disease,and to provide some evidence for its diagnosis and treatment.@*METHODS@#Clinical character, changes of copper metabolism, and therapeutic effect of 8 patients with late-onset Wilson disease were analyzed. Ceruloplasmin level was measured by nephelometry, and the copper contents in the serum, urine, and liver were measured by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The initial treatment was sodium dimercaptosulphonate, followed by D-penicillamine and/or zinc.@*RESULTS@#Patients with late-onset Wilson disease accounted for 7.0% of all patients, Who presented liver disease symptoms such as loss of appetite or nausea at the early stage and were misdiagnosed easily. Their blood routine and aminotransferase levels were normal in most patients with late-onset Wilson disease, and all patients had Kayser-Fleisher rings. There was significant difference between the liver function and copper metabolite test. The average urinary copper content was 4 072 microg/24 h on the first day after administrating sodium dimercaptosulphonate, which was 18.1 times as much as that before the treatment, and 2.5 times as much as that of D-penicillamine. No obvious adverse reactions were observed. The prognosis was usually good.@*CONCLUSION@#Enough attention should be paid to late-onset Wilson disease which is not rare and easy to be misdiagnosed. Good response can be expected in patients treated with sodium dimercaptosulphonate in the initial stage.

Study on preparation of mucopolysaccharide from Dasyatis akajei cartilage / 中国海洋药物

The technique of extracting and refining mucopolysaccharide from Dasyatis akajei cartilage obtained was studied and the content of mucopolysaccharide was measured.The results showed that when the content of NaOH was 6%,temperature 40℃, extracting time 6h,followed neutral protein enzyme dissolution for 7h under 40℃,protein precipitation with trichloroacetic acid and 4 times volume 95% C_(2)H_(5)OH for polysaccharide precipitation.the extraction rate was over 21%, the product was white powder and its purity was about (84.53%).Physical and chemical properties of the mucopolysaccharide were identified.

Study of optimization HBV DNA vaccine by insertion of IL-2 gene / 中国免疫学杂志

Abstract Objective:To observe and compare the effects of immune responses of HBV DNA caccine by insertion IL-2 gene.Try to ex-Plore the efficient way to enhance the immune effect of DNA vaccines. Methods:The recombinant expression plasmid vector peDNA3.1-S/IL-2with fusion gene of HBsAg and IL-2 cloned was constructed by PCR method and DNA recombinant technique.Then, it was transfered into Cos-7 cells by cation lyposomes and was detected its transient expressing product in vitro.At last,observed and compared the cellular and humoralimmune responses to HBsAg in C57BL/6 mice by intramuscular injection.Results:The pcDNA3. 1-S/IL-2 was constructed successfully by themethod of restriction endonucleases digestion, RCR and DNA sequencing. It can increase the titers of anti-HBs antibody. The bioactivity of IL-2and lymphocyte proliferation responses to HBsAg induced by the mouse spleen immunized with psDNA3.1-S/IL-2 were improved also. Conclu-sion:These results showed the expression of HBsAg-IL-2 fused gene can enhance the immune responses and suggested the insertion of IL-2 maybe a practicable way to enhance the DNA vaccine efficacy.