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2.
Rev Med Liege ; 76(9): 661-665, 2021 Sep.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34477336

RESUMO

Cystic hepatic lesions are frequent and sometimes large. They are generally asymptomatic and discovered by chance. The differential diagnosis of these lesions includes congenital, post-traumatic, benign or malignant tumors, as well as infectious pathologies. Conventional or contrast ultrasonography, abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can be used to characterize them. Therapeutic abstention with or without iconographic monitoring constitutes the optimal management of many benign liver cysts without clinical repercussions. Treatments for symptomatic or potentially aggressive lesions may include fenestration, puncture with sclerotherapy, or surgical resection. In this article, the authors discuss how to diagnose and treat the various hepatic cystic lesions.


Les lésions kystiques hépatiques sont fréquentes et parfois volumineuses. Elles sont généralement asymptomatiques et de découverte fortuite. Le diagnostic différentiel de ces lésions inclut des pathologies congénitales, post-traumatiques, tumorales bénignes ou malignes ainsi qu'infectieuses. L'échographie conventionnelle ou avec contraste, le scanner abdominal et la résonance magnétique nucléaire peuvent être utilisés pour les caractériser. L'abstention thérapeutique, avec ou sans surveillance iconographique, constitue la prise en charge optimale de nombreux kystes bénins sans répercussion clinique. Les traitements des lésions symptomatiques ou potentiellement agressives peuvent inclure la fenestration, la ponction avec sclérothérapie ou la résection chirurgicale. Dans cet article, les auteurs discutent des modalités de diagnostic et de traitement des diverses lésions kystiques hépatiques.


Assuntos
Cistos , Hepatopatias , Cistos/diagnóstico por imagem , Cistos/terapia , Humanos , Hepatopatias/diagnóstico , Hepatopatias/terapia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Ultrassonografia
3.
Rev Med Liege ; 76(7-8): 601-607, 2021 Jul.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34357712

RESUMO

Hepato-pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a pulmonary vascular complication of cirrhosis quite frequent but often under-diagnosed, and characterized by intra-pulmonary capillary and pre-capillary vascular dilatations that may lead to severe hypoxemia. HPS is often asymptomatic but may induce a progressive dyspnea. HPS diagnosis is based on arterial gasometry that proves the hypoxemia and contrast-enhanced echo-cardiography revealing the vascular dilatations. Screening of HPS is recommended in every cirrhotic patient complaining of dyspnea or in every liver transplantation candidate. Indeed, the only effective treatment of HPS is liver transplantation; HPS patients receive exception-points in the MELD (Model for End-Stage Liver Disease) liver allocation score. The authors report herein the case of a 39-year-old male patient with a cirrhosis of unknown origin complicated by HPS which appeared as a disabling dyspnea. This patient underwent liver transplantation a year after HPS diagnosis and recovered completely.


Le syndrome hépatopulmonaire est une complication vasculaire pulmonaire de la cirrhose relativement fréquente et sous-diagnostiquée, caractérisée par des vasodilatations capillaires et pré-capillaires intrapulmonaires pouvant entraîner une hypoxémie sévère. Souvent asymptomatique, ce syndrome se révèle le plus souvent par une dyspnée d'apparition progressive. Le diagnostic est réalisé par une gazométrie artérielle prouvant l'hypoxémie et une échographie cardiaque de contraste démontrant l'existence de vasodilatations intrapulmonaires. Le dépistage du syndrome hépatopulmonaire est préconisé chez tout patient atteint de cirrhose présentant de la dyspnée et chez tout patient candidat à une greffe hépatique. En effet, le seul traitement efficace est la transplantation hépatique, et ces patients bénéficient d'ailleurs de points d'exception dans le calcul du score de MELD («Model for End-Stage Liver Disease¼). Nous rapportons ici le cas d'un patient de 39 ans atteint d'une cirrhose d'origine indéterminée compliquée d'un syndrome hépatopulmonaire qui s'est révélé par une dyspnée devenue rapidement invalidante. Ce patient a pu bénéficier d'une transplantation hépatique un an après le diagnostic de syndrome hépatopulmonaire, permettant ainsi une guérison complète tant sur plan hépatique que pulmonaire.


Assuntos
Doença Hepática Terminal , Síndrome Hepatopulmonar , Transplante de Fígado , Adulto , Síndrome Hepatopulmonar/diagnóstico , Síndrome Hepatopulmonar/etiologia , Síndrome Hepatopulmonar/cirurgia , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Masculino , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
4.
Rev Med Liege ; 76(5-6): 525-529, 2021 May.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34080391

RESUMO

The incidence of pancreatic cancer has doubled during the past three decades. Pancreatic cancer is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. Overall 5-year survival is less than 10 %. It is thus of paramount importance to identify patients at risk to develop pancreatic cancer. The "pancreatic emergency route" and the weekly-organized complex surgery consultations are essential for fast and coordinated investigations for patients diagnosed of a pancreatic lesion. Pancreatic surgery, often preceded by neoadjuvant therapy, remains the only curative treatment if applicable. Implemented to decrease surgical morbidity and mortality, current centralization limits pancreatic resection surgery to a restricted numbers of expert centres in Belgium. Thanks to a close collaboration with the CHR of Liège, the CHR of Huy, the CHR of Bois de l'Abbaye, the Clinique André Renard and Vivalia, the reference centre of the CHU of Liège offers surgical, intensive, anaesthetic, oncological, gastroenterological, radiological and paramedical cares as part of a multidisciplinary approach characterized by expertise in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, 24 hours a day and 7 days a week.


L'incidence de l'adénocarcinome pancréatique a doublé lors des trois dernières décennies. Il devrait devenir la deuxième cause de mortalité par cancer en 2030. La survie globale est inférieure à 10 %. Il est essentiel d'identifier les patients à risque. La route «Urgences Pancréas¼ et les réunions hebdomadaires de concertation de chirurgie complexe assurent une prise en charge rapide et coordonnée pour les patients chez qui une lésion pancréatique suspecte est découverte. La chirurgie pancréatique, généralement précédée d'un traitement néoadjuvant, est la seule option à visée curative. Afin de diminuer la morbi-mortalité liée à cette chirurgie complexe, une convention de centralisation a été imposée par l'INAMI. Grâce à une étroite collaboration médico-chirurgicale regroupant le CHR de Liège, le CHR de Huy, le Centre Hospitalier du Bois de l'Abbaye, la Clinique André Renard et l'association intercommunale Vivalia, le centre de référence du CHU de Liège offre des soins chirurgicaux, intensifs, anesthésiologiques, oncologiques, radiothérapeutiques, gastro-entérologiques, radiologiques, infirmiers et paramédicaux de qualité et ce, dans le cadre d'une approche multidisciplinaire caractérisée par une expertise en matière du traitement de l'adénocarcinome du pancréas, 24 heures sur 24 et 7 jours sur 7.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Bélgica/epidemiologia , Humanos , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Pâncreas , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/terapia
5.
Rev Med Liege ; 76(5-6): 530-534, 2021 May.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34080392

RESUMO

Esophageal cancer is the 19th most common cancer in the European Union. Its prognosis remains poor with a 5-year survival rate estimated between 15 % and 25 %. Accurate diagnosis and pre-therapeutic assessment are essential and should allow a rapid start of therapy. Current treatment is based on multimodal management of which surgery remains the cornerstone. Since 2019, Belgium has started an agreement to centralize esophageal surgery in order to improve surgical outcomes. One year after implementation of centralization, our centre shows a low rate of severe complications (Clavien-Dindo classification IIIb-V) of 20 % and a 0 % mortality rate at 30 and 90 postoperative days. Our patients have benefited from a full minimally invasive or hybrid surgical procedure, contributing to those positive results. In the future, all our efforts must be done to improve collaboration between hospitals in order to provide best medical and surgical treatments.


Le cancer de l'oesophage est le 19ème cancer le plus fréquent dans l'Union Européenne. Son pronostic reste sombre avec un taux de survie à 5 ans estimé entre 15 % et 25 %. La précocité du diagnostic et la qualité du bilan pré-thérapeutique sont essentielles et doivent permettre d'initier un traitement rapide. Le traitement repose sur une prise en charge multidisciplinaire et multimodale dont la chirurgie reste la pierre angulaire. En Belgique, le taux de mortalité à 30 et 90 jours post-opératoires étaient de 4,1 % et 9,5 %, respectivement, pour la période allant de 2008 à 2016. Dans une perspective d'amélioration de cette prise en charge, depuis 2019, la Belgique a concentré la chirurgie de l'oesophage dans 10 centres de référence, incluant le CHU de Liège. Un an après centralisation, notre centre présente un taux de complications sévères selon Clavien-Dindo (IIIb-V) de 20 % et des taux de mortalité à 30 et 90 jours de 0 %. Le bilan d'évaluation initial de chaque patient est discuté en concertation multidisciplinaire. Une prise en charge nutritionnelle est discutée avant l'instauration du traitement. Tous nos patients bénéficient d'une approche systématique totalement mini-invasive ou hybride, participant à l'amélioration des résultats sur la morbidité et la mortalité. Une collaboration croissante avec nos hôpitaux partenaires permet d'harmoniser les mises au point et les plans de traitement oncologiques pour le bénéfice des patients.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Esofágicas , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Bélgica/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/terapia , Humanos , Taxa de Sobrevida
6.
Ann Intensive Care ; 11(1): 2, 2021 Jan 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33409766

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Hyperammonemia caused by a disorder of the urea cycle is a rare cause of metabolic encephalopathy that may be underdiagnosed by the adult intensivists because of its rarity. Urea cycle disorders are autosomal recessive diseases except for ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) that is X-linked. Optimal treatment is crucial to improve prognosis. Main body We systematically reviewed cases reported in the literature on hyperammonemia in adulthood. We used the US National Library of Medicine Pubmed search engine since 2009. The two main causes are ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency followed by type II citrullinemia. Diagnosis by the intensivist remains very challenging therefore delaying treatment and putting patients at risk of fatal cerebral edema. Treatment consists in adapted nutrition, scavenging agents and dialysis. As adults are more susceptible to hyperammonemia, emergent hemodialysis is mandatory before referral to a reference center if ammonia levels are above 200 µmol/l as the risk of cerebral edema is then above 55%. Definitive therapy in urea cycle abnormalities is liver transplantation. CONCLUSION: Awareness of urea cycle disorders in adults intensive care units can optimize early management and accordingly dramatically improve prognosis. By preventing hyperammonemia to induce brain edema and herniation leading to death.

7.
Rev Med Liege ; 75(7-8): 541-543, 2020 Jul.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32779908

RESUMO

Cystic lymphangioma is a rare and benign lymphatic malformation found most often in the first two years of life. Clinical manifestations are diverse and depend on size and site of the lesion. The most frequently affected sites are cervicofacial and axillary areas. The retroperitoneal form is rare. Diagnosis requires imaging but can only be confirmed on the basis of an anatomopathological examination. The treatment of choice is complete surgical removal. However, this is not always feasible due to proximity of vital structures. Some alternative therapies like sclerotic injection and oral drugs like immunosuppressive treatment or sildenafil are described. We report the case of a 62-year-old patient with retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma successfully treated with sildenafil.


Le lymphangiome kystique est une malformation lymphatique rare et bénigne, découverte le plus souvent durant les deux premières années de vie. Les manifestations cliniques sont diverses et dépendent de la taille et de la localisation de la lésion. Les localisations les plus fréquentes sont cervicofaciale et axillaire. La forme rétropéritonéale est rare. Le diagnostic nécessite un bilan d'imagerie, mais ne peut être confirmé que sur base d'un examen anatomopathologique. Le traitement de choix est l'exérèse chirurgicale complète. Toutefois, celle-ci n'est pas toujours réalisable en raison de la proximité de structures vitales. Certains traitements alternatifs comme la sclérothérapie ou l'administration de traitements oraux tels qu'immunosuppresseurs ou sildénafil sont décrits. Nous rapportons le cas d'un patient âgé de 62 ans avec lymphangiome kystique rétropéritonéal traité avec succès par sildénafil.


Assuntos
Linfangioma Cístico , Neoplasias Retroperitoneais , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espaço Retroperitoneal , Citrato de Sildenafila
8.
Rev Med Liege ; 75(5-6): 280-285, 2020 May.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32496667

RESUMO

During the last decade minimal invasive approach progressed in all sectors of abdominal surgery. Technological improvements allowed to perform more complex procedures laparoscopically with increased safety. The implementation of pre-, per- and postoperative protocols with an adaptation of surgical, anesthetic and analgesia methods and the patient's involvement in the healing process led to enhanced recovery after surgery. The centralization of complex esophageal and pancreatic surgery established the CHU of Liège as a tertiary referral institution for complex oncological surgery thanks to a large cooperation with regional hospitals.


La dernière décennie a vu progresser l'approche mini-invasive dans tous les domaines de la chirurgie abdominale. Les améliorations technologiques permettent de réaliser des interventions toujours plus complexes en laparoscopie avec une sécurité accrue. La systématisation de la prise en charge pré-, per- et postopératoire, avec une adaptation des techniques de chirurgie, d'anesthésie et d'analgésie, et une implication du patient dans ce processus ont abouti à une réhabilitation accélérée. La centralisation de la chirurgie complexe de l'oesophage et du pancréas a permis de créer une structure de référence en chirurgie oncologique complexe au CHU de Liège grâce à une large collaboration interhospitalière régionale.


Assuntos
Laparoscopia , Participação do Paciente , Abdome/cirurgia , Humanos
9.
Arch Pediatr ; 27(3): 146-151, 2020 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31955956

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Potassium abnormalities are frequent in intensive care but their incidence in the emergency department is unknown. AIM: We describe the spectrum of potassium abnormalities in our tertiary-level pediatric emergency department. METHODS: Retrospective case-control study of all the patients admitted to a single-center tertiary emergency department over a 2.5-year period. We compared patients with hypokalemia (<3.0mEq/L) and patients with hyperkalemia (>6.0mEq/L) against a normal randomized population recruited on a 3:1 ratio with potassium levels between 3.5 and 5mEq/L. RESULTS: Between January 1, 2013 and August 31, 2016 we admitted 108,209 patients to our emergency department. A total of 9342 blood samples were tested and the following potassium measurements were found: 60 cases of hypokalemia (2.8±0.2mEq/L) and 55 cases of hyperkalemia (6.4±0.6mEq/L). In total, 200 patients with normokalemia were recruited (4.1±0.3mEq/L). The main causes of the disorders were non-specific: lower respiratory tract infection (23%) and fracture (15%) for hypokalemia, lower respiratory tract (21.8%) and ear-nose-throat infections (20.0%) for hyperkalemia. Patients with hyperkalemia had an elevated creatinine level (0.72±1.6 vs. 0.40±0.16mg/dL, P<0.0001) with lower bicarbonate (19.4±3.8 vs. 21.8±2.8mmol/L, P=0.0001) and higher phosphorus levels (1.95±0.6 vs. 1.42±0.27mg/dL, P=0.0001). Patients with hypokalemia had an elevated creatinine level (0.66±0.71 vs. 0.40±0.16mg/dL, P<0.0001) and a lower phosphorus level (1.12±0.31 vs. 1.42±0.27mg/dL, P=0.0001). We did not observe significant differences in pH, PCO2, base excess and lactate, or in the mean duration of hospitalization in general wards and pediatric intensive care units according to the PIM and PRISM scores. DISCUSSION: Dyskalemia is rare in emergency department patients: 0.64% for hypokalemia and 0.58% for hyperkalemia. This condition could be explained by a degree of renal failure due to transient volume disturbance. The main mechanism is dehydration due to digestive losses, polypnea in young patients, and poor intake. In the case of hypokalemia, poor intake and digestive losses could be the main explanation. These disorders resolve easily with feeding or perfusion and do not impair development. CONCLUSION: Dyskalemia is rare in emergency department patients and is easily resolved with feeding or perfusion. A plausible etiological mechanism is a transient volume disturbance. Dyskalemia is not predictive of poor development in the emergency pediatric population.


Assuntos
Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Hiperpotassemia/diagnóstico , Hiperpotassemia/terapia , Hipopotassemia/diagnóstico , Hipopotassemia/terapia , Adolescente , Bélgica/epidemiologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperpotassemia/sangue , Hiperpotassemia/epidemiologia , Hipopotassemia/sangue , Hipopotassemia/epidemiologia , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Potássio/sangue , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
10.
Front Physiol ; 10: 806, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31316394

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of a fast-acute ascent to high altitude on brain cognitive function and transcranial doppler parameters in order to understand the physiological countermeasures of hypoxia. METHODS: 17 high-altitude-naïve male subjects (mean age was 26.3 ± 8.1 years) participated in the study. We measured Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency (CFFF), blood oxygen saturation, Psychology Experiment Building (PEBL) including three tests (Modified Math Processing Task, Perceptual Vigilance Task, and Time Estimation Task), as well as Cerebral Blood Flow index (CBFi), mean cerebral artery Systolic and diastolic velocities, Cerebral Pulsatility index (CPi), and heart Rate. All were measured at sea level, at least 1 h after arrival at the hypobaric hypoxia equivalent of 3842 m and 1 h after return to sea level. RESULTS: Under acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxic conditions, significant decrease in CFFF [42.1 ± 1 vs. 43.5 ± 1.7 Hz at sea level (asl), p < 0.01], CBFi (611 ± 51 vs. 665 ± 71 asl, p < 0.01) and blood oxygen saturation (83 ± 4% vs. 98 ± 1% asl, p < 0.001) as compared to pre-ascent values were observed. Physiological countermeasures to hypoxia could be involved as there was no significant change in neuropsychometric tests, Systolic and Diastolic velocities and CPi. A significant increase in Heart Rate (81 ± 15 bpm vs. 66 ± 15 bpm asl, p < 0.001) was observed. All parameters returned to their basal values 1 h after regaining sea level. CONCLUSION: Hypoxia results in a decrease in CFFF, CBFi and oxygen saturation and in an increase in heart rate. As it decreased, Cerebral Blood Flow index does not seem to be the physiological measurement of choice to hypoxia explaining the maintenance of cognitive performance after acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxia and requires further investigation. Cerebral oxygen delivery and extraction could be one of the underlying mechanisms.

11.
Acta Gastroenterol Belg ; 82(2): 314-318, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31314194

RESUMO

Ever since the initial description of the Milan criteria, used for selecting patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for liver transplantation (LT), there has been a clear need to go further than solely morphological criteria. Tumours exceeding the Milan criteria, but presenting favourable biological behaviour, might still allow for comparable overall- and disease-free survivals after LT. As it is well established that the presence of microvascular invasion is a major factor that influences HCC recurrence after LT, several serum and tissue biomarkers in addition to imaging studies are attracting wider attention as more refined tools for selecting HCC patients for LT. A thorough review of the recent literature on the subject was conducted. In the future a combination of systemic inflammation markers, biomarkers and morphological criteria may be key to more accurate prediction of HCC recurrence after LT. This may allow LT in patients whose HCC tumours exceed the Milan criteria but have favourable biological behaviour. Further prospective studies are required in order to improve patient selection for transplantation in HCC and these could help a move towards more transparent and improved management.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirurgia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Transplante de Fígado , Seleção de Pacientes , Humanos
12.
Rev Med Liege ; 74(5-6): 332-335, 2019 05.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31206276

RESUMO

In Belgium as in many other countries, alcohol is one of the leading causes of adult liver transplantation. Liver transplantation for terminal liver failure due to excessive alcohol intake raises clear ethical issues concerning the use of grafts to save patients suffering from a self-inflecting affection. Alcoholic liver disease is one of the best indications for liver transplantation, with excellent results in terms of length of survival and post transplantation quality of life, if this transplantation is proposed by a multidisciplinary team in a patient able to and helped by a supporting family and social environment.


En Belgique, comme dans beaucoup d'autres pays, la maladie alcoolique constitue une des causes les plus fréquentes menant à la transplantation hépatique chez l'adulte. Or la transplantation hépatique chez des patients alcooliques pose de claires questions éthiques concernant l'utilisation de greffons pour soigner des patients souffrant d'une maladie trop souvent considérée comme étant auto-infligée. La maladie alcoolique du foie est une des meilleures indications de greffe hépatique, avec d'excellents résultats en termes de durée de survie et de qualité de vie après transplantation. Le pré-requis est que cette transplantation soit proposée par une équipe multidisciplinaire, chez un patient capable de se prendre en charge et soutenu par un environnement familial et social favorable.


Assuntos
Alcoolismo , Cirrose Hepática Alcoólica , Hepatopatias Alcoólicas , Transplante de Fígado , Adulto , Bélgica , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática Alcoólica/cirurgia , Qualidade de Vida , Recidiva
13.
Rev Med Liege ; 74(5-6): 342-348, 2019 05.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31206278

RESUMO

Alcohol consumption is the main cause of development of chronic pancreatitis and the second etiology of acute pancreatitis. The mortality of acute pancreatitis depends on its necrotic haemorrhagic character and the initial inflammatory response, while pain, malnutrition and diabetes are the main issues in the management of chronic pancreatitis. As medical and endoscopic techniques progress, surgical indications have become increasingly rare but remain indispensable for some patients. The multidisciplinary approach of these patients is the key to the success of care.


La consommation d'alcool est la cause principale de développement d'une pancréatite chronique et la seconde étiologie de la pancréatite aiguë. La mortalité de la pancréatite aiguë dépend de son caractère nécrotico-hémorragique et de la réponse inflammatoire initiale tandis que les complications de type douleur, dénutrition et diabète sont les principaux enjeux de la prise en charge de la pancréatite chronique. Au fur et à mesure de l'avancée des techniques médicales et endoscopiques, les indications chirurgicales sont devenues de plus en plus rares, mais restent indispensables pour certains patients. L'approche pluridisciplinaire de ces patients est la clé du succès de la prise en charge.


Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Pancreatite Crônica , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Doença Crônica , Endoscopia , Humanos , Dor , Pâncreas , Pancreatite Crônica/etiologia
14.
Rev Med Liege ; 74(3): 134-138, 2019 Mar.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30897312

RESUMO

Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer is a form of gastric cancer associated, in about 40 % of cases, with a germline mutation of the CDH1 gene. The management of patients with a pathogenic mutation of this gene is based on total prophylactic gastrectomy because, until proven otherwise, endoscopic monitoring is insufficient. We report a series of eight patients with pathogenic CDH1 mutation who underwent total prophylactic gastrectomy in our centre.


Le cancer gastrique diffus héréditaire est une forme de cancer gastrique associé, dans 40 % des cas environ, à une mutation germinale du gène CDH1. La prise en charge des patients porteurs d'une mutation pathogène de ce gène repose sur la gastrectomie totale prophylactique car, jusqu'à preuve du contraire, la surveillance endoscopique est insuffisante. Nous rapportons une série de huit patients porteurs d'une mutation pathogène de CDH1 ayant bénéficié d'une gastrectomie totale prophylactique dans notre centre. Mots-clés : Gastrectomie prophylactique - Cancer gastrique diffus héréditaire - Mutation CDH1.


Assuntos
Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa , Neoplasias Gástricas , Gastrectomia , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Mutação , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia
15.
Rev Med Liege ; 73(3): 135-142, 2018 Mar.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29595013

RESUMO

Alveolar echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease due to the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. The definitive host is the red fox. Until recently, Belgium was considered a country at very low risk for alveolar echinococcosis. However, recent studies carried out in southern Belgium have revealed, through post-mortem examination, high prevalences (up to 62 %) in foxes. Cats and dogs can act as definitive hosts. Human are accidentally infected by ingestion of food contaminated by the feces. After a long incubation period, invasive hepatic lesions may appear, as well as extra-hepatic lesions. The disease may be fatal. The diagnosis is based on imaging techniques, serology and nucleic acid detection in tissues. Early diagnosis may allow surgical removal of the lesion associated with at least 2 years of albendazole postoperative treatment. In case of contraindication to surgery, a long term treatment with albendazole is necessary. Liver transplantation is sometimes necessary. This article presents the epidemiologic, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutics features of this zoonotic disease.


L'échinococcose alvéolaire est une zoonose due à Echinococcus multilocaris, un cestode, dont l'hôte définitif est le renard roux (Vulpes vulpes). Jusqu'il y a peu, la Belgique était un pays considéré comme à très faible risque pour cette parasitose, mais de récentes autopsies de renards ont montré des prévalences élevées chez ceux-ci (pouvant dépasser les 60 %). Les chiens et les chats peuvent également être des hôtes définitifs. La transmission humaine (hôte accidentel) se fait principalement via la consommation d'aliments souillés par les déjections animales contaminées donnant, après une longue période d'incubation, des lésions hépatiques infiltrantes et, éventuellement, des atteintes extra-hépatiques pouvant être mortelles. Le diagnostic est fondé sur l'imagerie médicale couplée à des tests sérologiques et la PCR sur des tissus. La prise en charge curative est chirurgicale, lorsque la résection complète est possible. Elle est associée à un traitement de deux ans post-opératoire à base d'albendazole. En cas d'impossibilité de résection complète, un traitement au long cours par de l'albendazole est préconisé. Enfin, dans certains cas, une transplantation hépatique peut être envisagée. En raison de l'augmentation des cas autochtones rencontrés en Wallonie, un groupe spécialisé dans la prise en charge de l'échinococcose a été créé au sein de l'université de Liège. Cet article illustre les caractéristiques épidémiologiques, cliniques, diagnostiques et thérapeutiques de cette zoonose.


Assuntos
Equinococose/diagnóstico , Equinococose/terapia , Albendazol/uso terapêutico , Animais , Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , DNA de Protozoário , Diagnóstico por Imagem , Equinococose/transmissão , Echinococcus multilocularis/genética , Humanos , Transplante de Fígado , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase
16.
Eur J Neurol ; 24(9): 1183-1187, 2017 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28695690

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Porphyrias are a group of inherited metabolic disorders resulting from a specific deficiency along the pathway of haem biosynthesis. A clinical classification distinguishes acute from non-acute porphyrias considering the occurrence of life-threatening neurovisceral attacks, presenting with abdominal pain, neuropsychiatric disturbance and neuropathy. Vasospasm is a very rare complication that can occur in all major types of acute porphyria. METHODS: We describe a porphyric crisis with vasospasm in a woman with previously undiagnosed acute porphyria. Furthermore we performed a systematic review by searching the electronic database Pubmed/MEDLINE for additional data in published studies of vasospasm in acute porphyria. RESULTS: Overall, 9 case reports reporting on 11 patients who suffered vasospasm during an exacerbation of acute porphyria were identified. All of the reported patients were women and the mean age was 29.4 years. When brain MRI was performed, T2-hyperintense lesions, consistent with ischaemic changes, were observed in most patients (10/11, 91%). Although the genetic pathogenesis of the disease is well understood, the precise mechanisms to explain neurologic involvement in acute porphyria remain unclear. CONCLUSION: Acute porphyria is an unusual and rare cause of vasospasm. However, considering porphyria in patients with unexplained cerebral vasospasm, especially in women of childbearing age, is crucial given the severity of possible complications and the available treatment options.


Assuntos
Porfirias/complicações , Vasoespasmo Intracraniano/etiologia , Dor Abdominal/etiologia , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Hemina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Porfirias/diagnóstico por imagem , Porfirias/psicologia , Vasoespasmo Intracraniano/diagnóstico por imagem , Vasoespasmo Intracraniano/psicologia , Acuidade Visual
17.
Intensive Care Med ; 43(6): 730-749, 2017 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28577069

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in the intensive care unit is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. OBJECTIVES: To determine and update previous recommendations for the prevention of AKI, specifically the role of fluids, diuretics, inotropes, vasopressors/vasodilators, hormonal and nutritional interventions, sedatives, statins, remote ischaemic preconditioning and care bundles. METHOD: A systematic search of the literature was performed for studies published between 1966 and March 2017 using these potential protective strategies in adult patients at risk of AKI. The following clinical conditions were considered: major surgery, critical illness, sepsis, shock, exposure to potentially nephrotoxic drugs and radiocontrast. Clinical endpoints included incidence or grade of AKI, the need for renal replacement therapy and mortality. Studies were graded according to the international GRADE system. RESULTS: We formulated 12 recommendations, 13 suggestions and seven best practice statements. The few strong recommendations with high-level evidence are mostly against the intervention in question (starches, low-dose dopamine, statins in cardiac surgery). Strong recommendations with lower-level evidence include controlled fluid resuscitation with crystalloids, avoiding fluid overload, titration of norepinephrine to a target MAP of 65-70 mmHg (unless chronic hypertension) and not using diuretics or levosimendan for kidney protection solely. CONCLUSION: The results of recent randomised controlled trials have allowed the formulation of new recommendations and/or increase the strength of previous recommendations. On the other hand, in many domains the available evidence remains insufficient, resulting from the limited quality of the clinical trials and the poor reporting of kidney outcomes.


Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda/prevenção & controle , Injúria Renal Aguda/terapia , Cuidados Críticos/normas , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
18.
Rev Med Liege ; 72(4): 168-174, 2017 Apr.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28471547

RESUMO

In recent years, the treatment of esophagus cancer has been completely changed, thus competing the dogma of surgery as the cornerstone treatment. Multimodality treatments as radio-chemotherapy directly followed by surgery, or delayed surgery, significantly improve patient survival compared to surgery alone. Neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy is associated with a higher complete pathologic response rate and improved survival compared to chemotherapy alone. Immediate surgery after radio-chemotherapy is challenged for patients who present a complete clinical response, especially in case of squamous cell carcinoma. Indeed, systematic resection is associated with a significant postoperative mortality rate and has not proven any survival advantage in complete clinical responders as opposed to delayed resection in case of locally persistent or recurrent disease. In squamous cell carcinoma, this could lead to organ preservation, thus avoiding the mortality and durable functional impairment of esophagectomy. This review will discuss the positioning of the multimodality treatment strategy with neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy and chemotherapy and also the strategy of organ preservation.


Depuis quelques années, le traitement du cancer de l'œsophage est en pleine mutation, bousculant ainsi le grand dogme de la chirurgie comme pierre angulaire du traitement. Par rapport à la chirurgie seule, les traitements multimodaux de radiochimiothérapie suivis, directement ou de façon différée, par la chirurgie améliorent significativement les chances de survie prolongée des patients. Comparée à la chimiothérapie néodjuvante, la radiochimiothérapie néoadjuvante démontre un taux de réponse pathologique complet plus élevé qui résulte en une survie prolongée. Chez les très bons répondeurs cliniques, la question de la place de la résection chirurgicale d'emblée est remise en question, surtout pour les carcinomes épidermoïdes. Chez ces patients, la résection systématique par rapport à un acte différé n'offre pas d'avantage en survie, expose le patient à un risque de mortalité significatif alors qu'un certain nombre de patients n'auront jamais à être opérés. Le seul bénéfice actuellement démontré de la résection est une amélioration du contrôle local; or, le devenir du patient est principalement lié à la récidive métastatique. Dans cette revue, nous positionnons et discutons la place des différents traitements multimodaux, chimiothérapie et radiochimiothérapie néoadjuvantes, ainsi que la place de la préservation d'organe par rapport à une chirurgie d'emblée après une radiochimiothérapie.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Esofágicas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Esofágicas/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Humanos
19.
Rev Med Liege ; 72(2): 58-63, 2017 Feb.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28387081

RESUMO

Esophageal cancers represent a highly heterogeneous entity mixing two different tumour types : AdenoCarcinoma (ADC) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SSC). Developing in the same organ, they are very often considered as a unique pathology and, consequently, the same therapeutic strategy is indiscriminately applied. Esophageal cancer treatments are particularly complex and require a multidisciplinary approach. Despite impressive advances in the tumour statidifaction, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the overall prognosis remains grim even at an early stage of the disease. In order to improve the treatment of esophageal cancers and the patient’s survival, we need to consider that ADC and SCC represent two different pathologies requiring specific therapeutic strategies. This review in two parts will present recent data from clinical trials under the scope of tumour histology to set up dedicated therapeutic strategies. In this first part, we explain the restricted role of surgical resection, the prognostic factors and the results of exclusive combined chemotherapy and radiation in localized esophageal cancer.


Les cancers de l'œsophage concernent deux entités d'histologie et de pathogenèse différentes : les carcinomes épidermoïdes (CE) et les adénocarcinomes (ADC). Ils se développent dans un même organe et sont souvent considérés comme une seule et unique maladie avec, comme conséquence, une stratégie thérapeutique identique. Leur traitement est complexe et requiert une prise en charge multidisciplinaire. Bien que les techniques de mise au point de la pathologie, de traitement par chirurgie, de radiothérapie et de chimiothérapie se soient améliorées, le pronostic de la maladie reste péjoratif, même à un stade précoce. L'amélioration de la prise en charge et de la survie des patients nécessite de considérer les CE et les ADC comme deux pathologies distinctes, impliquant des approches thérapeutiques qui leur soient spécifiquement dédiées. Cette revue en deux parties analyse les différents aspects thérapeutiques des cancers de l'œsophage sous l'angle de l'histologie et permet de dégager des stratégies spécifiques. Cette première partie est consacrée aux limites de la résection chirurgicale, aux facteurs pronostiques et aux résultats des traitements par radio-chimiothérapie exclusive des cancers localisés.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Humanos
20.
Blood Purif ; 42(3): 248-65, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27562206

RESUMO

This paper reports on the continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) technology group recommendations and research proposals developed during the 17th Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative Meeting in Asiago, Italy. The group was tasked to address questions related to the impact of technology on acute kidney injury management. We discuss technological aspects of the decision to initiate CRRT and the components of the treatment prescription and delivery, the integration of information technology (IT) on overall patient management, the incorporation of CRRT into other 'non-renal' extracorporeal technologies such as ECMO and ECCO2R and the use of sorbents in sepsis and propose new areas for future research. Instead of reviewing current knowledge, the group focused on developing a renovated research agenda that reflects current and future technological advances, centered on innovations in new equipment, membranes and IT that will permit the integration of patient care and decision-making processes for years to come.


Assuntos
Estado Terminal , Terapia de Substituição Renal , Injúria Renal Aguda/terapia , Hidratação , Humanos , Sepse
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