Initial Management and Recognition of Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease, A Case Report.

Aortoiliac occlusive disease (AOD) is a manifestation of peripheral arterial disease characterized by stenosis or occlusion of the distal aorta and iliac vessels. Advanced disease may present with symptoms of claudication to the buttock and thighs, erectile dysfunction, and absent or diminished femoral pulses bilaterally. Here, we discuss a case of a 71-year-old male who presented with acute bilateral lower extremity pain and weakness. Pulses were undetectable bilaterally at the groin prompting emergent imaging and vascular surgery consultation due to the suspected diagnosis of AOD. The patient was taken for bilateral femoral artery cut downs with embolectomy. The patient made an impressive recovery with preservation of motor function of lower extremities. In this case report we discuss pertinent workup and management of a patient suspected to be suffering from AOD. Topics: Vascular, arterial thrombosis, limb ischemia, aortoiliac arterial thrombosis, Leriche syndrome, peripheral arterial disease.

Advances in the Fabrication of Scaffold and 3D Printing of Biomimetic Bone Graft.

The need for bone grafts is tremendous, and that leads to the use of autograft, allograft, and bone graft substitutes. The biology of the bone is quite complex regarding cellular composition and architecture, hence developing a mineralized connective tissue graft is challenging. Traditionally used bone graft substitutes including metals, biomaterial coated metals and biodegradable scaffolds, suffer from persistent limitations. With the advent and rise of additive manufacturing technologies, the future of repairing bone trauma and defects seems to be optimistic. 3D printing has significant advantages, the foremost of all being faster manipulation of various biocompatible materials and live cells or tissues into the complex natural geometries necessary to mimic and stimulate cellular bone growth. The advent of new-generation bioprinters working with high-precision, micro-dispensing and direct digital manufacturing is aiding in ground-breaking organ and tissue printing, including the bone. The future bone replacement for patients holds excellent promise as scientists are moving closer to the generation of better 3D printed bio-bone grafts that will be safer and more effective. This review aims to summarize the advances in scaffold fabrication techniques, emphasizing 3D printing of biomimetic bone grafts.

From papyrus leaves to bioprinting and virtual reality: history and innovation in anatomy.

The human quest to master the anatomy and physiology of living systems started as early as 1600 BC, with documents from the Greeks, Indians, and Romans presenting the earliest systematic studies and advances. Following the fall of the Roman Empire, the progress slowed until the Renaissance renewed scientific interest in anatomy and physiology, ushering in an era of spectacular advances. Alongside the discoveries of modern science, innovations in media such as printing, photography and color reproduction, improved the accuracy of communicating science. Techniques for noninvasively viewing the human body, such as magnetic resonance imaging, opened up new ways of exploring and understanding anatomy, physiology, and disease pathogenesis. Advances in three-dimensional (3D)-technologies, including computer graphics and animation are directly linked to many advances in medicine and surgery. Anatomy education has come a long way from papyrus leaf inscriptions to computerized 3D modeling, holographic representation, and virtual reality-based software. The future presents unlimited options for studying and understanding anatomy as Google glasses, bioprinting, virtual reality, and allied technologies transform the world into a classroom. This review summarizes the journey of mankind to master anatomy and physiology.

Development of a Three-Dimensional Bioengineering Technology to Generate Lung Tissue for Personalized Disease Modeling.

This unit describes a protocol for generation of lung organoids. A lung organoid is a 3D cell/hydrogel composite that resembles the morphology and cellular composition of the human distal lung. These tissue-engineered constructs provide an in vitro model of human lung and are best suited for disease modeling applications. The organoid generation methodology is flexible, allowing for easy scalability in the number of organoids produced and in the ability to accommodate a wide range of cell types. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.