RESUMO
The decision as to operability and fitness for anaesthesia must be made jointly by the surgeon and the anaesthesiologist and only by them. They arrange for the required diagnostic and therapeutic measures to be taken to assure the success of the operation. The advice of other specialists as to the treatment of disorders unconnected with the primary disease does not extend to questions regarding operability and fitness for anaesthesia. The preparation of out-patients for surgery requires particular care on the part of the anaesthesiologist. A detailed pre-operative explanation to the patient of what is involved will greatly help to relieve the patient's anxiety.
Assuntos
Anestesia , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios , Emergências , Humanos , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Planejamento de Assistência ao PacienteRESUMO
The busy atmosphere and routine of a hospital is apt to induce apprehension in a patient about to have a surgical operation. To calm and reassure him and relieve his anxiety is an important part of the anaesthetist's work.
Assuntos
Anestesia Geral , Ansiedade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios , Alemanha Ocidental , Humanos , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido , Relações Médico-Paciente , Revelação da VerdadeAssuntos
Úlcera Péptica , Antiácidos/uso terapêutico , Ácidos e Sais Biliares , Queimaduras/complicações , Resina de Colestiramina/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Suco Gástrico , Mucosa Gástrica/irrigação sanguínea , Refluxo Gastroesofágico , Humanos , Obstrução Intestinal/complicações , Lisofosfatidilcolinas , Masculino , Microcirculação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Úlcera Péptica Hemorrágica/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Insuficiência Respiratória/complicações , Choque/complicações , VagotomiaRESUMO
Since 1970 all postoperative bacteriological findings recorded in surgical patients have been analyzed and compared with the postoperative course. There are also regular checks of bacterial invasion in the operating suites and in the intensive care units. By such means as systems of double lock for personnel and equipment, regular surface disinfection, frequent hand disinfection, cleaning of the respirators with antiseptics, etc., the authors have been able to reduce the incidence of hospital infection very drastically. These measures also almost eliminated cross-infections in patients on long-term ventilation and complications with long-term indwelling catheters.
Assuntos
Cuidados Críticos , Infecção Hospitalar , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/etiologia , Assepsia/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Equipamentos e Provisões , Alemanha Ocidental , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Postoperative parenteral nutrition can only be optimally effective if the characteristics of post-traumatic metabolism are taken into account. Two main possibilities are discussed for the carbohydrate component of parenteral nutrition during this phase: glucose with high doses of insulin or non-glucose carbohydrates (sugar substitutes) possibly in a suitable combination with glucose. The risks as well as the technical and organisational problems involved in the use of them are discussed and the authors prefer the second of the two alternatives. Possible side effects of non-glucose carbohydrates are pointed out and it is shown how these can be avoided by observing dose guidelines. So far a combination of frucose : glucose : xylitol in a ratio of 2 : 1 :1 with a total dose of 0.50 g/kg/hour has been studied most thoroughly. This combination normalises the fat metabolism and improves glucose tolerance without requiring exogenous insulin. Experiences with this combination as well as individual non-glucose carbohydrates on operated patients have been given continuously for up to 7 days and in some cases even for several weeks. No side effects, no deviations from a steady state and no abnormal changes of the laboratory values occurred. The authors are of the opinion that non glucose carbohydrates are necessary if the facilities for frequent blood sugar controls are not available.
Assuntos
Carboidratos da Dieta/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Nutrição Parenteral Total , Nutrição Parenteral , Nucleotídeos de Adenina/metabolismo , Bilirrubina/metabolismo , Carboidratos da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Eletrólitos/metabolismo , Feminino , Frutose/administração & dosagem , Glucose/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Lactatos/biossíntese , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Oxalatos/metabolismo , Gravidez , Proteínas/metabolismo , Ácido Úrico/metabolismo , Xilitol/administração & dosagemRESUMO
With Vivasorb, the surgical patient's full alimentation can be maintained up to a few hours before the operation. In the postoperative phase, the nitrogen balance of patients having undergone minor surgical intervention and in a state of moderate catabolism can be kept under control in a slightly negative range by the exclusive administration of Vivasorb. In patients with more severe catabolism, the oral supply of Vivasorb cannot fully replace parenteral nutrition, it can, however, support it.